Article
Biology
Iraia Garcia-Santisteban, Alba Llopis, Lenno Krenning, Jon Vallejo-Rodriguez, Bram van den Broek, Ana M. Zubiaga, Rene H. Medema
Summary: ATM becomes dispensable for G1 checkpoint maintenance as early as 1 hour after DSB induction, while CHK2 kinase activity is necessary to maintain G1 arrest independently of other proteins, suggesting that the G1 arrest is sustained in a lesion-independent manner.
Article
Cell Biology
Mattia Pavani, Elena Chiroli, Camilla Cancrini, Fridolin Gross, Paolo Bonaiuti, Stefano Villa, Fabio Giavazzi, Vittoria Matafora, Angela Bachi, Luca L. Fava, Tiziana Lischetti, Andrea Ciliberto
Summary: Drugs targeting microtubules use the mitotic checkpoint to stop cell proliferation. Prolonged mitotic arrest caused by these drugs leads to a G1 arrest. After treating G1-arrested human cells with nocodazole and observing them for several weeks, it is found that a small fraction of cells escapes the arrest and resumes proliferation. This escape is associated with reduced DNA damage, p21 activation, and increased levels of anti-apoptotic protein Triap1.
Article
Cell Biology
Kyung Yong Lee, Anindya Dutta
Summary: The cell-cycle phase plays a crucial role in determining repair pathway choice at DNA double-strand breaks, with Chk1 promoting non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) repair in the G1 phase. ASF1A, a histone chaperone, also promotes NHEJ independently of its chaperone activity. Chk1 phosphorylates ASF1A at Ser-166 in G1, enhancing its interaction with the repair protein MDC1 and promoting NHEJ repair.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Ying Yang, Ruiyan Kong, Feng Guang Goh, W. Gregory Somers, Gary R. Hime, Zhouhua Li, Yu Cai
Summary: In this study, dRTEL1 was identified as a novel regulator of male germline stem cells (GSCs), affecting a set of candidate genes required for GSC maintenance and preventing DNA damage-induced checkpoint activation. Additionally, dRTEL1 functions to sustain Stat92E protein levels, providing insight into its role in GSC maintenance.
Article
Cell Biology
Indra A. Shaltiel, Alba Llopis, Melinda Aprelia, Rob Klompmaker, Apostolos Menegakis, Lenno Krenning, Rene H. Medema
Summary: Most Cdks are redundant for normal cell division, but become essential for S-phase entry after DNA damage in G1. In damaged cells, high levels of Cdk4/6 activity are required to inactivate pocket proteins and APC/C-Cdh1 to promote the transition from G1 to S phase.
Article
Cell Biology
Vicente Lebrec, Marion Poteau, Jean-Philippe Morretton, Olivier Gavet
Summary: Researchers decoded how the DNA replication checkpoint (DRC) allows cells to enter mitosis after replication stress (RS) by developing a FRET-based Chk1 activity sensor. They found that Chk1 activity is sustained during S phase through replication origin firing and is reactivated upon RS to prevent premature mitosis.
DEVELOPMENTAL CELL
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yo-Chuen Lin, Dazhen Liu, Arindam Chakraborty, Virgilia Macias, Eileen Brister, Jay Sonalkar, Linyuan Shen, Jaba Mitra, Taekjip Ha, Andre Kajdacsy-Balla, Kannanganattu V. Prasanth, Supriya G. Prasanth
Summary: The smallest subunit of the human Origin Recognition Complex, hOrc6, is necessary for DNA replication progression and is involved in mismatch repair during S-phase. The molecular mechanisms of how hOrc6 regulates DNA replication and damage response are still unclear. Elevated levels of Orc6 and reduced phosphorylation at Thr229 are observed in colorectal cancers, and this may lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation. Based on these findings, DNA-damage-induced hOrc6-pThr229 phosphorylation during S-phase may facilitate ATR signaling, halt fork progression, and promote efficient repair to prevent tumorigenesis.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shuangyan Yao, Yuting Feng, Yan Zhang, Jinrong Feng
Summary: Cells face constant genetic assaults that cause DNA damage, leading to genome instability. Eukaryotic cells have evolved a DNA damage response system to monitor and repair these lesions. Studies show that DDR genes in pathogenic fungus Candida albicans are functionally similar to those in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but may act through distinct mechanisms, particularly in resisting DNA damage stress induced by reactive oxygen species.
COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Tommy F. Tashjian, Peter Chien
Summary: Different species of bacteria have developed different mechanisms to produce DnaX tau and gamma forms, suggesting the importance of having two forms of DnaX. DnaX is critical for the processivity of DNA polymerase and coordinating synthesis on the leading and lagging strands. Despite being discovered over 30 years ago, the purpose of expressing both tau and gamma forms is still unclear. This study provides evidence that expressing two forms of DnaX and controlling their abundance and/or ratio is important during the resolution of DNA replication stress.
JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Muhseena N. Katheeja, Shankar Prasad Das, Suparna Laha
Summary: Chl1p plays an essential role in maintaining genome integrity and regulating cell cycle progression, particularly in response to DNA damage during G1/S phase. It interacts with various checkpoint proteins such as Rad9p, Chk1p, Rad24p, and Rad53p to ensure proper cell cycle control and repair mechanisms. Additionally, Chl1p functions in parallel with the damage checkpoint pathway to facilitate DNA repair and G1/S transition.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rachel A. Caston, Paola Fortini, Kevin Chen, Jack Bauer, Eugenia Dogliotti, Y. Whitney Yin, Bruce Demple
Summary: After cellular differentiation, the expression of Fen1 and DNA2, which are involved in repairing mitochondrial DNA, decreases, while MGME1 and ExoG show minimal changes. Neuronal cells maintain mitochondrial DNA repair upon differentiation, relying on mitochondria-specific enzymes for BER.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Michael D. Tarpey, Adam J. Amorese, Elizabeth R. LaFave, Everett C. Minchew, Kelsey H. Fisher-Wellman, Joseph M. McClung, Eli G. Hvastkovs, Espen E. Spangenburg
Summary: Brca1 is expressed in skeletal muscles and localizes to mitochondria and the nucleus, playing a critical role in maintaining force production and mitochondrial respiration in skeletal muscle.
EXERCISE AND SPORT SCIENCES REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vladimir Baran, Alexandra Mayer
Summary: After fertilization, the remodeling of the oocyte and sperm genome is crucial for the successful initiation of mitotic activity in the fertilized oocyte and subsequent proliferation of the early embryo. The specific nature of gene totipotency in early cleavage embryos leads to differences in cell cycle control mechanisms compared to somatic cells. This review focuses on the Chk1 kinase as an important factor in monitoring DNA integrity during early embryogenesis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stefania Mamberti, Maruthi K. Pabba, Alexander Rapp, M. Cristina Cardoso, Michael Scholz
Summary: CTCF plays a crucial role in genome architecture and is enriched at the borders of chromatin domains. Depleting CTCF increases the radiosensitivity of different cell lines and impairs DNA repair ability.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Lihi Gershon, Martin Kupiec
Summary: During DNA replication, histone acetylation plays a crucial role in maintaining genomic stability. The protein kinase Dun1 is shown to have an essential role in counteracting the effects of hyper-acetylated histones, independent of its known function in regulating dNTPs. This highlights the importance of proper temporal and replication program regulation in cells with hyper-acetylated histones.
Article
Oncology
Yan-Ming Xu, Dan-Dan Wu, Wei Zheng, Fei-Yuan Yu, Feng Yang, Yue Yao, Yuan Zhou, Yick-Pang Ching, Andy T. Y. Lau
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Qi Li, Siu Yuen Chan, Kwun K. Wong, Ran Wei, Yu On Leung, Abby Y. Ding, Tomy C. K. Hui, Charlton Cheung, Siew E. Chua, Pak C. Sham, Ed X. Wu, Grainne M. McAlonan
Article
Oncology
Hai-Tao Xu, Wai-Lung Lai, Heong-Fai Liu, Leo Lap-Yan Wong, Irene Oi-Lin Ng, Yick Pang Ching
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Yan-Ming Xu, Yang-Min Gao, Dan-Dan Wu, Fei-Yuan Yu, Zhong-Sheng Zang, Lei Yang, Yue Yao, Na-Li Cai, Yuan Zhou, Jen-Fu Chiu, Yick-Pang Ching, Andy T. Y. Lau
PROTEOMICS CLINICAL APPLICATIONS
(2017)
Article
Oncology
Kai-Yu Ng, Stella Chai, Man Tong, Xin-Yuan Guan, Chi-Ho Lin, Yick-Pang Ching, Dan Xie, Alfred Sze-Lok Cheng, Stephanie Ma
Editorial Material
Oncology
Sai-Kam Li, Yick Pang Ching
TRANSLATIONAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2016)
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Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Martina Magni, Giacomo Buscemi, Lucia Maita, Lei Peng, Siu Yuen Chan, Alessandra Montecucco, Domenico Delia, Laura Zannini
CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION
(2019)
Article
Neurosciences
Hang Liu, Lei Peng, Joan So, Ka Hing Tsang, Chi Ho Chong, Priscilla Hoi Shan Mak, Kui Ming Chan, Siu Yuen Chan
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2019)
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Genetics & Heredity
Kai Wang, Siu Tsan Yuen, Jiangchun Xu, Siu Po Lee, Helen H. N. Yan, Stephanie T. Shi, Hoi Cheong Siu, Shibing Deng, Kent Man Chu, Simon Law, Kok Hoe Chan, Annie S. Y. Chan, Wai Yin Tsui, Siu Lun Ho, Anthony K. W. Chan, Jonathan L. K. Man, Valentina Foglizzo, Man Kin Ng, April S. Chan, Yick Pang Ching, Grace H. W. Cheng, Tao Xie, Julio Fernandez, Vivian S. W. Li, Hans Clevers, Paul A. Rejto, Mao Mao, Suet Yi Leung
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Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
W. L. Lai, W. Y. Hung, Y. P. Ching
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Suk Yu Yau, Ang Li, Ruby L. C. Hoo, Yick Pang Ching, Brian R. Christie, Tatia M. C. Lee, Aimin Xu, Kwok-Fai So
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2014)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ka Hing Tsang, Suk King Lai, Qi Li, Wing Ho Yung, Hang Liu, Priscilla Hoi Shan Mak, Cypress Chun Pong Ng, Grainne McAlonan, Ying Shing Chan, Siu Yuen Chan
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2014)
Article
Cell Biology
Lok Hei Chan, Lei Zhou, Kai Yu Ng, Tin Lok Wong, Terence K. Lee, Rakesh Sharma, Jane H. Loong, Yick Pang Ching, Yun-Fei Yuan, Dan Xie, Chung Mau Lo, Kwan Man, Benedetta Artegiani, Hans Clevers, Helen H. Yan, Suet Yi Leung, Stephane Richard, Xin-Yuan Guan, Michael S. Y. Huen, Stephanie Ma
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Muneyo Mio, Toshihiko Sugiki, Chie Matsuda, Hiroaki Mitsuhashi, Chojiro Kojima, Siu Yuen Chan, Yukiko K. Hayashi, Kazuhiro Mio
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2019)
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Psychiatry
Chi Ho Chong, Qi Li, Priscilla Hoi Shan Mak, Cypress Chun Pong Ng, Eva Hin Wa Leung, Vicky Huiqi Tan, Anthony Kin Wang Chan, Grainne McAlonan, Siu Yuen Chan
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2019)