Article
Environmental Sciences
Julie A. Garrison, Agnes M. L. Karlson, Francisco J. A. Nascimento
Summary: Eutrophication affects marine populations' feeding ecology and reproductive strategies. Our study shows that sediment OM alterations impact female amphipod body condition and reproductive success.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Limnology
Adele Maciute, Oleksandr Holovachov, Ronnie N. Glud, Elias Broman, Peter Berg, Francisco J. A. Nascimento, Stefano Bonaglia
Summary: Meiofauna, the smallest organisms on the ocean floor, have a significant impact on benthic oxygen demand. However, their contribution has been understudied. Our study used a novel approach to measure the respiration rates of 10 different meiofauna groups in natural sediment conditions. We found that nematodes and foraminifera are the most important contributors to sediment oxygen uptake and should be considered in benthic oxygen and carbon cycle estimations.
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yuri Fukai, Kohei Matsuno, Amane Fujiwara, Koji Suzuki
Summary: Diatoms in the Pacific Arctic region form dense blooms and have high photophysiological plasticity and survival strategies in unfavorable conditions. They can quickly proliferate when sufficient light becomes available and have a high seeding potential in surface sediments, which is important for blooms in the Pacific Arctic shelf region.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Maurits Halbach, Christin Baensch, Sonka Dirksen, Barbara M. Scholz-Bottcher
Summary: Microplastics are widely distributed in various environmental compartments, with sediments being a major sink. The behavior of extraction seems to be density-related, with higher density polymers showing higher extraction efficiencies. Early biofouling can enhance recoveries of some polar polymers but may have negative effects on apolar polymers.
ANALYTICAL METHODS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Orlando Lam-Gordillo, Jianyin Huang, Andrea Barcelo, Jordan Kent, Luke M. Mosley, David T. Welsh, Stuart L. Simpson, Sabine Dittmann
Summary: This study investigated the impact of restoring the bioturbating activity of macrobenthic fauna on biogeochemical conditions in hostile sediments. The research found that bioturbation by macrobenthic fauna can rapidly improve sediment conditions, promoting sediment oxygenation and reducing salinity and concentrations of harmful substances. This highlights the importance of macrobenthic communities for the health and functioning of estuarine ecosystems.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Optics
Arman Khalili, Milad Mojtahedi, Alireza Qaderi, Massoud Goodarzi, Mohammad Javad Torkamany
Summary: In this study, a pulsed laser was used to synthesize an in-situ Fe-TiC hard layer on carbon steel, utilizing ilmenite as a cost-effective raw material for the first time in laser cladding. The effect of pulse parameters on microstructure and hardness of the clad layer was investigated, showing that the solidification structure can be controlled by adjusting laser scan speed and pulse duration. It was observed that the laser scan speed has a more significant impact on the solidification structure compared to the pulse duration. The optimized process parameters were determined to be 2 mm/s for laser scan speed and 8 ms for pulse duration, resulting in a significant improvement in hardness compared to the substrate.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Johanna Laukkanen, Esther Takaluoma, Hanna Runtti, Jari Makinen, Tommi Kauppila, Seppo Hellsten, Tero Luukkonen, Ulla Lassi
Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness of alkali-activated blast furnace slag (BFS) granules in remediating metal-contaminated sediments in situ. The results showed that the granules effectively decreased the mobility of metals in the sediments, and the estimated material costs were lower than other remediation methods. Further research is needed to investigate the leaching of trace elements from the material and its impact on sediment pH.
JOURNAL OF SOILS AND SEDIMENTS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
K. K. Kilel, J. Bezuidenhout, M. J. Gatari, R. R. le Roux, M. I. Kaniu
Summary: This paper presents the design and radiometric performance of the delta underwater gamma system, a low-cost modular, waterproof, and mobile detector system they recently developed. The results of radiometric performance tests show that the system can withstand impact and has radiation absorption capability, with minimal information loss. The measurements obtained do not significantly differ when the detector is operated vertically or horizontally, and the system is sensitive to natural radionuclide variability in aquatic sediments based on preliminary in-situ measurements.
JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Chen Wang, Fangjie Yu, Zhiyuan Zhuang, Junwu Tang, Hanwei Sun, Ge Chen
Summary: This study discusses the accuracy and feasibility of observing short-wavelength ocean phenomena through simulated observation experiments and the introduction of a dynamic model optimized with deep learning methods. The results show that glider and M&WPB arrays perform better in strong current regions, with potential applications for observing dynamic processes in high EKE areas and validating WIA.
IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jessica Gould, Jochen Halfar, Walter Adey, Justin B. B. Ries
Summary: Long-term, high-resolution measurements of environmental variability in the High Arctic are rare. To address this gap, researchers have turned to proxies recorded in the skeletons of long-lived crustose coralline algae Clathromorphum compactum. These algae show annual growth banding patterns that can be used to reconstruct relative sea-ice variability. However, recent laboratory experiments have shown that C. compactum can continue to grow in complete darkness (sea-ice cover), highlighting the need for a more comprehensive understanding of algal growth. In this study, a year-long in-situ growth and environmental monitoring experiment was conducted in Arctic Bay, Nunavut, Canada to investigate growth patterns in the High Arctic. The results showed that algal growth occurs throughout the year, with the majority of growth happening during the sea-ice free summer months. This novel growth model has implications for understanding environmental changes and can also improve reconstruction methods using algal chronologies based on trace elements such as Mg/Ca.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Maryam A. Abdulkarim, Adrian R. Muxworthy, Alastair Fraser, Michael Sims, Alison Cowan
Summary: This paper presents a detailed study on the effect of hydrocarbon presence on magnetic mineral diagenesis in sediments from the UK North Sea. The study found that the presence of hydrocarbons can alter the magnetic properties of sediments and lead to the precipitation of specific minerals. Additionally, the diagenesis of magnetic minerals is influenced by the vertical migration and biodegradation of hydrocarbons.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Tiia Luostarinen, Sofia Ribeiro, Heike H. Zimmermann, Anna B. Kvorning, Maija Heikkilae
Summary: This study presents the first indication of Protoperidinium tricingulatum in the Arctic based on single-cell LSU rDNA sequencing. The morphology of the sequenced cysts resembles the sea-ice indicator Islandinium? cezare morphotype 1. Furthermore, the study suggests that Arctic spiny brown dinoflagellate cyst species may be morphologically diverse and taxonomically complex, requiring further genetic and morphological studies.
JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Thomas Soltwedel, Christiane Hasemann, Andrey Vedenin, Melanie Bergmann, James Taylor, Florian Krauss
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Oceanography
Barbara Gorska, Thomas Soltwedel, Ingo Schewe, Maria Wlodarska-Kowalczuk
PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY
(2020)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Thomas Soltwedel, Katarzyna Grzelak, Christiane Hasemann
Article
Ecology
Christiane Hasemann, Vadim Mokievsky, Burkhard Sablotny, Mine Banu Tekman, Thomas Soltwedel
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Melissa Kass, Margarita Chikina, Andrey Vedenin, Santiago E. A. Pineda-Metz, Thomas Soltwedel
Summary: This study investigated the functional structure of macrofauna communities in deep-sea ecosystems, finding that their functional structure is driven by food availability. Through sampling and analysis in the Fram Strait region, different stations were clustered into three groups based on their trait compositions.
ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
(2021)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Kirstin S. Meyer-Kaiser, Caitlin Q. Plowman, Thomas Soltwedel
Summary: The study found that in polar and deep-sea environments, the athecate hydroid Bouillonia cornucopia exhibits highly opportunistic life history characteristics, with rapid growth, high fecundity, and continuous reproduction, adapting to the survival needs in high mortality environments.
INVERTEBRATE BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Kirstin Meyer-Kaiser, Amelia Smith, Thomas Soltwedel
Summary: The study characterizes the ontogenetic development of the comatulid crinoid species Poliometra prolixa in the Arctic deep sea. It was found that larvae of P. prolixa do not disperse far from their mothers, suggesting possible brooding behavior. The study also describes the morphology and metamorphosis process of the cystidean and pentacrinoid stages of P. prolixa.
INVERTEBRATE BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wilken-Jon von Appen, Anya M. Waite, Melanie Bergmann, Christina Bienhold, Olaf Boebel, Astrid Bracher, Boris Cisewski, Jonas Hagemann, Mario Hoppema, Morten H. Iversen, Christian Konrad, Thomas Krumpen, Normen Lochthofen, Katja Metfies, Barbara Niehoff, Eva-Maria Noethig, Autun Purser, Ian Salter, Matthias Schaber, Daniel Scholz, Thomas Soltwedel, Sinhue Torres-Valdes, Claudia Wekerle, Frank Wenzhoefer, Matthias Wietz, Antje Boetius
Summary: The North Atlantic biological pump has the most intense absorption of carbon globally, but the impact of climate change, especially sea-ice melting, is still unclear. Observations in the Fram Strait show strong carbon absorption in the North Atlantic region, with changes occurring in the biological carbon pump as Arctic sea-ice melts.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Barbara Gorska, Slawomira Gromisz, Joanna Legezynska, Thomas Soltwedel, Maria Wlodarska-Kowalczuk
Summary: This study presents the temporal changes of macrofauna biodiversity along the bathymetric gradient in the eastern Fram Strait. The Warm Water Anomaly (WWA) caused an increase in surface water temperature, leading to changes in macrofauna density and taxonomic diversity. The composition and diversity of functional traits also changed significantly. Macrofauna communities on the shelves showed higher resistance to environmental changes compared to deep-sea assemblages.
ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Lihong Zhang, Yuxin Ma, Simon Vojta, Maya Morales-McDevitt, Mario Hoppmann, Thomas Soltwedel, Jane Kirk, Amila De Silva, Derek Muir, Rainer Lohmann
Summary: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are continuously released from multiple sources and can be transported over long distances. This study investigated the presence, transport, and fate of PAHs in remote and deep oceans. Deploying passive samplers in different regions, including the High Arctic and high-emission areas, it was found that dissolved PAHs had higher concentrations in the high-emission areas. The study also found that PAHs were exported from the Arctic Ocean to the North Atlantic through the Fram Strait and the Davis Strait.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Florent Magot, Gwendoline Van Soen, Larissa Buedenbender, Fengjie Li, Thomas Soltwedel, Laura Grauso, Alfonso Mangoni, Martina Bluemel, Deniz Tasdemir
Summary: Despite extreme conditions, microorganisms in deep-sea environments of polar regions thrive and serve as a potential source of novel bioactive secondary metabolites. In this study, microorganisms were collected from the seafloor in the Fram Strait, Arctic Ocean and tested for antimicrobial and anticancer activities. The genus Aspergillus, particularly from the Arctic deep sea, showed great potential for producing novel chemistry. Untargeted metabolomics played a crucial role in selecting marine extracts for further chemical investigations.
Article
Engineering, Ocean
Normen Lochthofen, Lennard Frommhold, Janine Ludszuweit, Thomas Soltwedel
Summary: The German Alfred Wegener Institute developed an autonomous Subsea Winched Profiling System (SWIPS) that can winch a profiling unit equipped with various sensors from a scientific mooring to control depth in real time and store data safely.
MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL
(2021)
Correction
Limnology
K. S. Meyer-Kaiser, M. Bergmann, T. Soltwedel, M. Klages
LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
(2021)
Correction
Environmental Sciences
Jose H. Muelbert, Nicholas J. Nidzieko, Alicia T. R. Acosta, Stace E. Beaulieu, Angelo F. Bernardino, Elmira Boikova, Thomas G. Bornman, Bruno Cataletto, Klaas Deneudt, Erika Eliason, Alexandra Kraberg, Masahiro Nakaoka, Alessandra Pugnetti, Olivier Ragueneau, Mirco Scharfe, Thomas Soltwedel, Heidi M. Sosik, Angela Stanisci, Kremena Stefanova, Pierre Stephan, Adrian Stier, Johan Wikner, Adriana Zingone
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2020)
Meeting Abstract
Chemistry, Medicinal
Florent Magot, Gwendoline Van Soen, Martina Blumel, Thomas Soltwedel, Deniz Tasdemir