Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Julia Bruggisser, Ioan Iacovache, Samuel C. Musson, Matteo T. Degiacomi, Horst Posthaus, Benoit Zuber
Summary: This study describes the structure of Clostridium perfringens beta-toxin (CPB) and its formation of an octameric pore complex with unique structural features. The research also identifies CPB as a member of a new subclass of the hemolysin-like family. Additionally, the study demonstrates that the structure of the pore can be modified without affecting its pore-forming ability, making it attractive for macromolecule sensing and nanotechnology. The cryo-electron microscopy structure of the CPB octameric pore will contribute to future developments in nanotechnology and basic research.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Masahiro Nagahama, Keiko Kobayashi, Masaya Takehara
Summary: The study found that lysosomal proteases cathepsin B and L facilitate the internalization of iota-toxin by activating ASMase, indicating their role in the cytotoxicity caused by the toxin.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
John W. Finnie, Francisco A. Uzal
Summary: Clostridium perfringens type D epsilon toxin (ETX) causes severe neurological disease in ruminant livestock and is of worldwide distribution. The toxin can reach the brain through the bloodstream, leading to neurologic syndromes. ETX is also listed as a potential bioterrorism agent.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Luis F. Soto, Ana C. Romani, Gabriel Jimenez-Avalos, Yshoner Silva, Carla M. Ordinola-Ramirez, Rainer M. Lopez Lapa, David Requena
Summary: This study computationally screened the whole proteome of Clostridium perfringens and identified highly immunogenic proteins, domains, and epitopes. They found potential recombinant vaccine candidates, a potential sub-unit vaccine, and designed a multi-epitope protein. These findings are important for the development of safe and effective vaccines against C. perfringens infection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Francisco A. Uzal, Federico Giannitti, Javier Asin
Summary: Yellow lamb disease is a poorly understood condition in young sheep caused by certain strains of Clostridium perfringens type A. It is characterized by hemolysis, jaundice, and anemia. Diagnosis of the disease is challenging due to the presence of the microorganism in the intestines of healthy sheep. There is currently no specific vaccine for yellow lamb disease.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jie Li, Xiaoyu Huang, Kaihui Xie, Juanli Zhang, Jiaojiao Yang, Zunqiang Yan, Shuangbao Gun
Summary: S100A9 plays an important role in C. perfringens type C-induced infectious diarrhea. Overexpression of S100A9 exacerbates cell damage and inflammatory response, inhibits cell proliferation, and disrupts cell-cell tight junctions. In contrast, inhibition of S100A9 expression alleviates inflammatory injury caused by infectious diarrhea.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alex J. Vecchio, Sewwandi S. Rathnayake, Robert M. Stroud
Summary: The study reveals the molecular and structural basis of how CpE targets susceptible claudins, as well as differences in the primary CpE receptors in mice and humans due to sequence changes in the target motif.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Lore Van Damme, Natasja Cox, Chana Callens, Michelle Dargatz, Monika Fluegel, Sarah Hark, Frank Thiemann, Stefan Pelzer, Freddy Haesebrouck, Richard Ducatelle, Filip Van Immerseel, Evy Goossens
Summary: Clostridium perfringens produces ECM-degrading enzymes that play a role in avian necrotic enteritis. Different variants of the colA gene encoding collagenase were identified, with some variants linked to necrotic enteritis strains. Truncated collagenases may contribute to the pathology of necrotic enteritis by degrading collagen type IV in the intestinal villi.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Wei Wan, Yue Li, Jing Wang, Zhiying Jin, Wenwen Xin, Lin Kang, Junhong Wang, Xiaoyang Li, Yakun Cao, Hao Yang, Jinglin Wang, Shan Gao
Summary: In this study, a new type of dissolving microneedle patch (dMN) with a nanoparticle adjuvant was developed to enhance immune response and deliver the rETX(Y196E)-C protein vaccine. The dMN vaccine showed good mechanical properties, immunogenicity, and protection, effectively preventing ETX poisoning.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Mojtaba Alimolaei, Mehdi Golchin, Amin Baluch-akbari
Summary: This study demonstrates that recombinant Lactobacillus expressing a mutant of Etx can significantly enhance humoral immune responses in mice when used for preventative oral and parenteral immunization. Oral immunization shows a more significant protective effect against certain doses of Etx, particularly highlighting the important role of immune responses induced at mucosal surfaces.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Mohammad Ali Shamshirgaran, Mehdi Golchin, Elham Mohammadi
Summary: In this study, a recombinant Lactobacillus casei strain expressing the NetB protein of Clostridium perfringens was used as a probiotic-based vector vaccine to immunize broiler chickens against necrotic enteritis. The vaccinated birds showed significant protection against the disease and developed strong antibody responses. This study suggests that a probiotic-based vector vaccine could be a promising candidate for controlling necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiu Zeng, Baosheng Liu, Jiao Zhou, Yimin Dai, Chunsheng Han, Linkang Wang, Yunzheng Wu, Jinhua Zhang
Summary: Clostridium perfringens is a common opportunistic pathogen with pathogenicity dependent on toxin production. Analysis of the genome of a piglet-derived strain revealed the presence of two toxin genes, with cpb2 located on a large plasmid.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Siyu Zhang, Lingling Ma, Fuyang Song, Dong Wang, Kesong Shi, Yong Li, Jin Zeng, Yujiong Wang
Summary: This study found that Clostridium perfringens toxin CPB-1 induces macrophage and endothelial cell pyroptosis through the NLRP3 inflammasome and Caspase-1 pathway. The results suggest that NLRP3 may be a potential therapeutic target for Clostridium perfringens disease.
Article
Immunology
Kyung-Woo Lee, Hyun S. Lillehoj
Summary: Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a devastating enteric disease caused by Clostridium perfringens type A/G that impacts the global poultry industry. Coccidiosis is a major contributing factor to NE. Recent studies have shown that NetB toxin is the primary virulence factor in NE pathogenesis, although there is emerging evidence suggesting the involvement of other toxins. Understanding the interaction between NetB toxin and other potential virulence factors of C. perfringens is crucial for a better characterization of NE pathogenesis.
Article
Fisheries
Ginevra Brocca, Samuele Zamparo, Tobia Pretto, Alessandro Calore, Andrea Marsella, Romy Lucon Xiccato, Matteo Cornaggia, Luana Cortinovis, Luca Bano, Anna Toffan, Francesco Quaglio, Ranieri Verin
Summary: This study reported a mortality episode in juvenile Siberian and Russian sturgeons, as well as GUBA hybrid sturgeons, in a hatchery in Northern Italy. The mortality was associated with an imbalance of intestinal microbiota, overgrowth of Clostridium perfringens, and gas formation. Increasing the feed administration possibly restored the normal microbiota.
JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
John T. Loh, Aung Soe Lin, Amber C. Beckett, Mark S. McClain, Timothy L. Cover
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2019)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Rhonda R. Caston, John T. Loh, Bradley J. Voss, W. Hayes McDonald, Matthew B. Scholz, Mark S. McClain, Timothy L. Cover
JOURNAL OF PROTEOMICS
(2019)
Article
Immunology
Aung Soe Lin, Samuel D. R. Dooyema, Arwen E. Frick-Cheng, M. Lorena Harvey, Giovanni Suarez, John T. Loh, W. Hayes McDonald, Mark S. McClain, Richard M. Peek, Timothy L. Cover
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Rhonda R. Caston, Johanna C. Sierra, Nora J. Foegeding, Mandy D. Truelock, Anne M. Campbell, Arwen E. Frick-Cheng, Diane Bimczok, Keith T. Wilson, Mark S. McClain, Timothy L. Cover
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2020)
Article
Microbiology
Mark S. McClain, Bradley J. Voss, Timothy L. Cover
Article
Microbiology
Aung Soe Lin, Mark S. McClain, Amber C. Beckett, Rhonda R. Caston, M. Lorena Harvey, Beverly R. E. A. Dixon, Anne M. Campbell, Jennifer H. B. Shuman, Neha Sawhney, Alberto G. Delgado, John T. Loh, M. Blanca Piazuelo, Holly M. Scott Algood, Timothy L. Cover
Article
Immunology
John T. Loh, Miranda Shum, Scott D. R. Jossart, Anne M. Campbell, Neha Sawhney, W. Hayes McDonald, Matthew B. Scholz, Mark S. McClain, Mark H. Forsyth, Timothy L. Cover
Summary: Helicobacter pylori encounters a wide range of pH values in the human stomach, with the ArsRS two-component system playing a significant role in regulating gene expression, especially in response to pH changes. The study identified a pH-responsive ArsRS regulon, including genes related to acid acclimatization, oxidative stress responses, and metal homeostasis. Mutants lacking ArsRS components showed differences in gene expression compared to strains with intact ArsRS, highlighting the importance of ArsRS-mediated gene regulation in H. pylori adaptation to varying pH conditions.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Georgia C. Caso, Mark S. McClain, Amanda L. Erwin, Mandy D. Truelock, Anne M. Campbell, Catherine S. Leasure, Marcus Nagel, Kevin L. Schey, D. Borden Lacy, Melanie D. Ohi, Timothy L. Cover
Summary: The study investigates the mechanisms of VacA oligomerization and its activity, demonstrating that amino acid mutations and paired cysteine substitutions at interprotomer contact sites affect VacA assembly and function. Wild-type VacA oligomers disassemble under acidic pH, while mutant proteins with paired cysteine substitutions remain in an oligomeric state. The findings enhance our understanding of the molecular interactions required for VacA oligomerization and support a model where toxin activity depends on interactions with host cells.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
M. Lorena Harvey, Aung Soe Lin, Lili Sun, Tatsuki Koyama, Jennifer H. B. Shuman, John T. Loh, Holly M. Scott Algood, Matthew B. Scholz, Mark S. McClain, Timothy L. Cover
Summary: This study investigated the differential fitness of Helicobacter pylori outer membrane proteins in vivo and in vitro using a genetic barcoding method. Most outer membrane protein mutants did not show fitness defects exclusively in vivo, while a babA mutant exhibited a strong fitness advantage in vivo.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
John T. Loh, Jennifer H. B. Shuman, Aung Soe Lin, Natalie Favret, M. Blanca Piazuelo, Simon Mallal, Abha Chopra, Mark S. McClain, Timothy L. Cover
Summary: Gastric inflammation was found to increase the activity of Cag T4SS in Helicobacter pylori, resulting in mutations in the katA gene. These mutations led to increased production of catalase, which enhanced the bacterium's resistance to hydrogen peroxide.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
John T. T. Loh, Emily L. L. Struttmann, Natalie Favret, M. Lorena Harvey, Suman B. B. Pakala, Abha Chopra, Mark S. S. McClain, Timothy L. L. Cover
Summary: Both Helicobacter pylori infection and a high-salt diet are risk factors for gastric cancer. We found that the fur-R88H mutation in H. pylori is positively selected under high-salt conditions, both in vivo and in vitro. The fur-R88H mutation enhances H. pylori fitness under high-salt conditions but reduces fitness under routine culture conditions.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Mark S. McClain, Kaeli N. Bryant, W. Hayes McDonald, Holly M. Scott Algood, Timothy L. Cover
Summary: The Lol system plays a crucial role in exporting lipoproteins to the outer membrane in Gram-negative bacteria. In the human gastric bacterium Helicobacter pylori, the Lol system deviates from the E. coli paradigm. This study identifies a LolD-like protein, HP0179, in H. pylori, providing insights into the lipoprotein localization processes in this bacterium.
JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Sirena C. Tran, Mark S. Mcclain, Timothy L. Cover
Summary: Helicobacter pylori strains containing the cag pathogenicity island (PAI) are associated with the development of gastric adenocarcinoma and peptic ulcer disease. The cag PAI encodes a secreted effector protein (CagA) and a type IV secretion system (Cag T4SS). This study investigated the role of the CagY antenna region in Cag T4SS OMCC assembly and function.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Jennifer H. B. Shuman, Aung Soe Lin, Mandy D. Westland, Kaeli N. Bryant, M. Blanca Piazuelo, Michelle L. Reyzer, Audra M. Judd, W. Hayes Mcdonald, Mark S. Mcclain, Kevin L. Schey, Holly M. S. Algood, Timothy L. Cover
Summary: This study investigates the molecular alterations in the gastric tissues induced by Helicobacter pylori using a Mongolian gerbil model of gastric carcinogenesis. The results show that H. pylori infection can cause loss and diffuse delocalization of proteins normally localized to the gastric corpus, resulting in marked changes in the normal gastric molecular partitioning.
Article
Immunology
Matthew S. Jung, M. Blanca Piazuelo, Lee C. Brackman, Mark S. McClain, Holly M. Scott Algood
Summary: In this study, the physiological consequences of deleting the lnt gene in H. pylori and the role of Lnt in the host response to H. pylori were investigated using in vitro and in vivo models. The results showed that lnt is essential for H. pylori colonization and identified lipoprotein synthesis as a potential therapeutic target for H. pylori infection.
INFECTION AND IMMUNITY
(2023)