Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Zhixin Luo, Mengqian Li, Qiong Yang, Yuhong Zhang, Fang Liu, Lan Gong, Lin Han, Min Wang
Summary: Ferulic acid (FA) has a protective effect on high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by activating PPARα to decrease triacylglycerol accumulation and increase energy expenditure.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dongli Li, Zhaonan Xu, Yuanyuan Li, Lishe Gan, Panpan Wu, Rihui Wu, Jingwei Jin, Xi Zheng, Kun Zhang, Hang Ma, Liya Li
Summary: This study investigated the anti-obesity effects of a crude extract of Callerya speciosa polysaccharides (NP) and its underlying mechanisms in a mouse model. The results demonstrated that NP supplementation alleviated HFD-induced diabetic biomarkers, liver steatosis, and adipocyte hypertrophy. NP also improved gut dysbiosis induced by a high-fat diet, suggesting its potential as a functional food for obesity management.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Elena Lopez-Gonzales, Lisa Lehmann, Francisco Javier Ruiz-Ojeda, Rene Hernandez-Bautista, Irem Altun, Yasuhiro Onogi, Ahmed Elagamy Khalil, Xue Liu, Andreas Israel, Siegfried Ussar
Summary: Weight regain after fasting is a common issue in obesity treatment. Supplementing with L-serine can reduce weight regain and increase energy expenditure, which addresses a major problem in current obesity therapies.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Karen D. Corbin, Elvis A. Carnero, Timothy D. Allerton, Joachim Tillner, Christopher P. Bock, Pierre-Philippe Luyet, Britta Gobel, Kevin D. Hall, Stephanie A. Parsons, Eric Ravussin, Steven R. Smith
Summary: This study aimed to test the hypothesis that treatment with the glucagon-like peptide-1/glucagon receptor agonist SAR425899 would result in less metabolic adaptation and increased lipid oxidation. The results showed that SAR425899 led to a smaller reduction in body composition-adjusted sleeping metabolic rate (SMR) and increased fat oxidation, which are beneficial for weight loss and weight-loss maintenance.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Michael G. Tordoff, Hillary T. Ellis
Summary: The proportion of carbohydrate and fat in the diet influences body weight independently of energy content, and the type of carbohydrate or fat has little impact on body weight. Consuming carbohydrate and fat simultaneously or in close temporal proximity exacerbates obesity.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Fei Yang, Wenjun Zhu, Paba Edirisuriya, Qing Ai, Kai Nie, Xiangming Ji, Kequan Zhou
Summary: The study found that utilizing Clostridium cochlearium as a probiotic can significantly reduce weight gain caused by a high-fat diet, decrease fat mass, and improve insulin sensitivity. Additionally, Clostridium cochlearium can also improve obesity-related metabolic abnormalities by regulating specific metabolic pathways and biomarkers. Further research is needed to explore the related metabolites and metabolic pathways, suggesting Clostridium cochlearium has the potential to be developed as a promising new probiotic for preventing or alleviating obesity and diabetes in humans.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Leonardo Recena Aydos, Luane Aparecida do Amaral, Ana Cristina Jacobowski, Roberta Serafim de Souza, Eduardo Benedetti Parisotto, Mariana Biava de Menezes, Felipe Francisco Bittencourt Junior, Emely Schuindt Fernandes, Iandara Schettert Silva, Luciane Candeloro Portugal, Claudio Goncalves Oliveira, Gustavo Tsuyoshi Senra Masuko, Leandro Fontoura Cavalheiro, Carlos Eduardo Domingues Nazario, Elisvania Freitas dos Santos, Maria Ligia Rodrigues Macedo
Summary: The study found that supplementation of BPO may worsen metabolic disorders caused by a high-fat diet, exacerbating risk factors associated with MetS.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND ANIMAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Beatriz Ferrer, Lisa M. Prince, Alexey A. Tinkov, Abel Santamaria, Aaron B. Bowman, Michael Aschner
Summary: MeHg disrupts the physiological functions of ghrelin differently in males and females, enhancing ghrelin-induced body weight gain in males by activating the AMPK/UCP2 signaling pathway and mitigating ghrelin-induced weight gain in females by inhibiting mTOR signaling and decreasing Npy mRNA expression.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Manuel Delpero, Danny Arends, Maximilian Sprechert, Florian Krause, Oliver Kluth, Annette Schuermann, Gudrun A. Brockmann, Deike Hesse
Summary: The study aimed to identify genetic variants associated with impaired glucose metabolism using obese lines BFMI861-S1 and BFMI861-S2. QTL mapping revealed overlapping QTL for gonadal adipose tissue weight and blood glucose concentration on Chr 3 and Chr 17, with additional QTL detected on Chr 15 and Chr 16. The study provided evidence for direct and indirect genetic effects on blood glucose concentration in the insulin-resistant mouse line BFMI861-S1.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elena A. A. Tukhovskaya, Elvira R. R. Shaykhutdinova, Irina A. A. Pakhomova, Gulsara A. A. Slashcheva, Natalya A. A. Goryacheva, Elena S. S. Sadovnikova, Ekaterina A. A. Rasskazova, Vitaly A. A. Kazakov, Igor A. A. Dyachenko, Alina A. A. Frolova, Alexey N. N. Brovkin, Vasiliy E. E. Kaluzhsky, Mikhail Yu. Beburov, Arkady N. N. Murashev
Summary: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of AICAR on metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes induced by a high-fat diet. The results showed that AICAR treatment led to weight reduction, decrease in abdominal fat, and improvement in the pathomorphological picture of internal organs. However, the co-administration of MTX did not improve the efficacy of AICAR.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Alessia Perino, Kristina Schoonjans
Summary: Bile acids are amphipathic steroid acids that play a crucial role in the regulation of metabolic responses. Their actions through activation of specific receptors control energy homeostasis and alterations in bile acid signaling are associated with metabolic diseases. Modulation of the bile acid pool could be a potential therapeutic approach.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kyle H. Flippo, Matthew J. Potthoff
Summary: FGF21, a non-canonical fibroblast growth factor, acts as an endocrine hormone signaling to various targets in the body. Initially recognized for its potential in correcting metabolic dysfunction and reducing body weight associated with diabetes and obesity, new functions of FGF21 signaling have emerged, demonstrating its ability to regulate macronutrient preference and energy balance.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Gabriel O. de Souza, Frederick Wasinski, Jose Donato
Summary: This study aimed to compare the responses of male and female C57BL/6 mice to various metabolic challenges. The results showed that male mice had stronger responses to food restriction and refeeding, while female mice had higher protection against diet-induced obesity. Additionally, male mice had different feeding responses to ghrelin and leptin compared to females. However, these sex differences were not explained by differences in central responsiveness or neuron fiber density.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Beatriz Ferrer, Lisa M. Prince, Alexey A. Tinkov, Abel Santamaria, Marcelo Farina, Joao Batista Rocha, Aaron B. Bowman, Michael Aschner
Summary: Studies have shown that methylmercury enhances leptin effects in male mice, leading to anorexigenic behavior, with different impacts on the leptin signaling pathway in males and females. Understanding the molecular alterations induced by methylmercury in the hypothalamus advances knowledge of its neurotoxicity and potential for novel therapies.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Abdulaziz D. Aloufi, Jake M. Najman, Abdullah A. Mamun
Summary: This study found that there is a longitudinal association between body weight misclassifications in adolescence and body fat and waist circumference in adulthood. Underestimating weight in adolescence is significantly associated with increased body fat and waist circumference in adulthood, while overestimating weight is also associated with higher body fat and waist circumference in adulthood.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Eric Doucet, Kevin Hall, Andrea Miller, Valerie H. Taylor, Maria Ricupero, Jess Haines, Paula Brauer, Kimberly A. Gudzune, James D. House, Rupinder Dhaliwal
Summary: Recent advances in foundational research on energy balance and weight loss shed new light on earlier findings. Emerging evidence and insights around mental illness and client-centred, weight-inclusive approaches have implications for practitioners. Novelty: Weight loss involves an interplay of multiple factors, not diet alone. There is no best diet or treatment approach for weight loss. Future research should involve minimizing weight loss countermeasures and new health system-based approaches aimed at improving health.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kevin D. Hall, Juen Guo, Amber B. Courville, James Boring, Robert Brychta, Kong Y. Chen, Valerie Darcey, Ciaran G. Forde, Ahmed M. Gharib, Isabelle Gallagher, Rebecca Howard, Paule V. Joseph, Lauren Milley, Ronald Ouwerkerk, Klaudia Raisinger, Irene Rozga, Alex Schick, Michael Stagliano, Stephan Torres, Mary Walter, Peter Walter, Shanna Yang, Stephanie T. Chung
Summary: In an inpatient, randomized controlled crossover trial, participants consumed 550-700 fewer calories per day when following a plant-based, low-fat diet with a high glycemic load compared with an animal-based, low-carbohydrate diet with a low glycemic load; weight loss was comparable between the two diets and there were no significant differences in hunger or enjoyment of the meals.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kevin D. Hall, I. Sadaf Farooqi, Jeffery M. Friedman, Samuel Klein, Ruth J. F. Loos, David J. Mangelsdorf, Stephen O'Rahilly, Eric Ravussin, Leanne M. Redman, Donna H. Ryan, John R. Speakman, Deirdre K. Tobias
Summary: This article discusses two models of obesity, the carbohydrate-insulin model and the energy balance model. The article points out that the carbohydrate-insulin model better reflects the biology of weight control, while the energy balance model does not consider the biological mechanisms that promote weight gain. The article also provides an accurate description of the energy balance model, stating that the brain is the primary organ responsible for body weight regulation.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kevin D. Hall
Summary: The study reinterprets the results of The Biggest Loser competition, indicating that contestants experienced metabolic adaptations due to sustained increases in physical activity, leading to a decrease in resting metabolic rate and minimal changes in total energy expenditure. This suggests that moderate physical activity can result in smaller metabolic adaptations, while lower levels of physical activity do not lead to similar changes.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Annika N. Flynn, Kevin D. Hall, Amber B. Courville, Peter J. Rogers, Jeffrey M. Brunstrom
Summary: This study assessed the impact of food energy density (ED) on energy intake and found a nonlinear relationship between ED and meal caloric intake. The results suggest that humans are sensitive to the energy content of meals and adjust meal size to avoid the adverse effects of overconsumption. Future research should examine the relative importance of volume and calorie-content signals, as well as individual differences in everyday dietary behavior and energy balance.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Vojtech Skop, Juen Guo, Naili Liu, Kevin D. Hall, Oksana Gavrilova, Marc L. Reitman
Letter
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kevin D. Hall, I. Sadaf Farooqi, Jeffery M. Friedman, Samuel Klein, Ruth J. F. Loos, David J. Mangelsdorf, Stephen O'Rahilly, Eric Ravussin, Leanne M. Redman, Donna H. Ryan, John R. Speakman, Deirdre K. Tobias
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Correction
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
J. Guo, W. K. Simmons, P. Herscovitch, A. Martin, K. D. Hall
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Karen D. Corbin, Elvis A. Carnero, Timothy D. Allerton, Joachim Tillner, Christopher P. Bock, Pierre-Philippe Luyet, Britta Gobel, Kevin D. Hall, Stephanie A. Parsons, Eric Ravussin, Steven R. Smith
Summary: This study aimed to test the hypothesis that treatment with the glucagon-like peptide-1/glucagon receptor agonist SAR425899 would result in less metabolic adaptation and increased lipid oxidation. The results showed that SAR425899 led to a smaller reduction in body composition-adjusted sleeping metabolic rate (SMR) and increased fat oxidation, which are beneficial for weight loss and weight-loss maintenance.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Valerie L. Darcey, Juen Guo, Amber B. Courville, Isabelle Gallagher, Jason A. Avery, W. Kyle Simmons, John E. Ingeholm, Peter Herscovitch, Alex Martin, Kevin D. Hall
Summary: This study found that reducing dietary fat, but not carbohydrates, decreased dopamine D2/3 receptor binding potential and neural activity in brain-reward regions, resulting in a shift towards high-fat high-carbohydrate food choices. These results suggest that dietary fat restriction may increase dopamine levels in reward regions, affecting diet adherence.
Review
Biology
Kevin D. Hall
Summary: Thanks to our modern food system, more people now have obesity than suffer from starvation. The transformation of agriculture in the 20th century relied heavily on fossil fuels and led to surplus production of heavily marketed ultra-processed foods. While the increase in per capita food availability resulted in increased food waste, the ultra-processed food environment disproportionately contributed to excess energy intake in genetically susceptible individuals. Coordinated nutrition and agricultural research are crucial to transform the current food system and reduce the prevalence of diet-related diseases.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biology
David B. Allison, Thorkild I. A. Sorensen, Kevin D. Hall, John R. Speakman
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biology
John R. Speakman, Kevin D. Hall
Summary: Body weight and fatness are regulated phenomena, and several theoretical models, such as the set-point, dynamic equilibrium, adiposity force, and control theory, have been proposed to explain this. Further experiments are needed to test the differences between these models.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Rosario B. Jaime-Lara, Alexis T. Franks, Khushbu Agarwal, Nafisa Nawal, Amber B. Courville, Juen Guo, Shanna Yang, Brianna E. Brooks, Abhrarup Roy, Karen Taylor, Valerie L. Darcey, James D. Lecheminant, Stephanie Chung, Ciaran G. Forde, Kevin D. Hall, Paule Joseph
Summary: This study found that a 2-week consumption of ultra-processed food did not have a significant impact on sweet or salty taste sensitivity or preference. However, a positive correlation was observed between salt taste preference and systolic blood pressure, body weight, and BMI following consumption of the ultra-processed diet.
Correction
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
J. Guo, W. K. Simmons, P. Herscovitch, A. Martin, K. D. Hall
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)