Article
Food Science & Technology
Dong Liang, Shengnan Liu, Miaoyun Li, Yaodi Zhu, Lijun Zhao, Lingxia Sun, Yangyang Ma, Gaiming Zhao
Summary: In this study, nine commonly used food additives and four detergents were investigated for their effects on the growth of Clostridium perfringens spores. The results showed that ethylenediaminetetraacetate had a good inhibitory effect on spore growth, while tea polyphenols, D-isoascorbic acid, and potassium sorbate promoted leakage of contents during spore germination. Among the detergents, glutaraldehyde solution presented the best inhibitory effect on spore growth. Further analysis revealed that the bacteriostats could inactivate the spores by inhibiting germination or damaging the spore structure, preventing the formation of bacterial vegetative bodies.
Article
Microbiology
Ravi K. R. Marreddy, Abiola O. Olaitan, Jordan N. May, Min Dong, Julian G. Hurdle
Summary: Ebselen kills pathogenic C. difficile by disrupting its redox homeostasis, but this antimicrobial action is hindered by host components such as blood. Future discovery of ebselen analogues that remain active in blood could be potential drug leads for treating CDI or studying C. difficile redox biology in vivo.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2021)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Pei-Wen Wang, Wei-Ting Lee, Ya-Na Wu, Dar-Bin Shieh
Summary: Clostridioides difficile, a spore-forming bacterium, poses a serious health problem as a nosocomial infectious pathogen. Its spores have complex structures and dormant characteristics, contributing to their resistance to harsh environments. The vegetative cells produce endospores, and the mature spores are released from the hosts for dissemination of the pathogen.
Article
Microbiology
Roua Almatrafi, Saeed Banawas, Mahfuzur R. Sarker
Summary: Spore germination is crucial in the development of Clostridium perfringens-associated food poisoning. A previous study found that dipicolinic acid (DPA) chelated with calcium (Ca-DPA) stimulates spore germination. This study aimed to explore the roles of Ca2+, Mn2+, and Mg2+ in spore germination. The results showed that Ca-DPA, but not DPA alone, induced C. perfringens spore germination. Additionally, spore-specific divalent cations Mn2+ and Mg2+, but not Zn2+, were found to induce spore germination.
Article
Microbiology
Marc Liggins, Norma Ramirez Ramirez, Ernesto Abel-Santos
Summary: Clostridium perfringens is an anaerobic, Gram-positive bacterium that forms spores to survive in harsh environments. It can germinate through two distinct pathways, the amino acid-only pathway and the bile salt/amino acid pathway. Different strains of C. perfringens have strain-specific spore formation requirements, but the germination responses are consistent among all strains.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Prabhat K. Talukdar, Mahfuzur R. Sarker
Summary: This study identified new sporulation and germination genes in Clostridium perfringens, and confirmed the importance of these genes in the processes of spore formation and germination.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Siobhan McSharry, Leonard Koolman, Paul Whyte, Declan Bolton
Summary: This study identified that disinfectants 2, 7, and 10 were the most effective in eliminating Clostridium spores in the meat plant environment, with D-values ranging from 2.1 to 8.4 min at 20 degrees C.
Article
Microbiology
Jacqueline R. Phan, Dung M. Do, Minh Chau Truong, Connie Ngo, Julian H. Phan, Shiv K. Sharma, Angel Schilke, Chrisabelle C. Mefferd, Jacob V. Villarama, Dengxun Lai, Amber Consul, Brian P. Hedlund, Steven M. Firestine, Ernesto Abel-Santos
Summary: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the major cause of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Hypervirulent strains have led to increased CDI rates, and standard treatments are becoming less effective. The bile salt analog CaPA was found to be a better antigerminant than CamSA against different C. difficile strains, and it showed efficacy in preventing CDI in mice and hamsters.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Meng Wang, Zifeng Deng, Yanmei Li, Yi Ma, Jufang Wang
Summary: A novel lytic protein Cw1-CWB2 with high binding specificity and strong lytic activity has been designed in this study for combating C. difficile.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Ryan M. Hanson, Amy J. Wagner
Summary: Severe, complicated Clostridium difficile colitis is rare in pediatric patients and little is known about its medical and surgical management in this population. A case report of a 15-year-old female patient with severe, complicated C difficile colitis successfully treated with diverting loop ileostomy and colonic lavage is presented. This approach, instead of subtotal colectomy and end ileostomy, should be considered as an alternative for pediatric patients with severe, complicated C difficile colitis.
Article
Microbiology
Hailee N. Nerber, Joseph A. Sorg
Summary: Clostridioides difficile spores are resilient and can survive extreme conditions, making their elimination from the environment difficult. Small acid-soluble proteins (SASPs) play a role in spore resistance in model spore-forming organism Bacillus subtilis, with SspA and SspB found to be essential for UV resistance and spore formation regulation in C. difficile.
Article
Immunology
Caixia Tan, Fei Zhu, Yuanyuan Xiao, Yuqi Wu, Xiujuan Meng, Sidi Liu, Ting Liu, Siyao Chen, Juan Zhou, Chunhui Li, Anhua Wu
Summary: In this study, a multi-epitope vaccine against Clostridium difficile was designed using computer methods. The vaccine was able to induce immune response against both spore and propagule forms of the pathogen. The structure of the vaccine was predicted and validated, and its interaction with immune receptors was analyzed through docking and simulation. The findings suggest that the formulated vaccine shows promise against C. difficile, but further research is needed for verification.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Halil Ibrahim Kaya, Omer Simsek, Ozlem Akgunoglu
Summary: One of the problems in storing Kasar cheese is blowing, which is caused by Clostridium sporogenes and Clostridium jeddahense strains. The sensitivity of these strains to nisin, NaCl, CuSO4, and EDTA was determined and compared. Gas formation by Clostridium spp. spores can be inhibited by reducing pH and adding nisin when spore count is below 300 spore mL-1.
INTERNATIONAL DAIRY JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zuwang Zhang, Rui Chen, Shuangzhe Mao, Yajie Zhang, Lenan Yao, Jiafeng Xi, Shijia Luo, Ruixi Liu, Yulin Liu, Rong Wang
Summary: In this study, Elaeagnus mollis polysaccharide (EMP) was used to modify black phosphorus (BP) and create a new compound EMP-BP with enhanced stability and activity. EMP-BP exhibited significantly increased antibacterial activity compared to EMP and BP, potentially through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the action of active polysaccharides on the cell membrane. EMP-BP also demonstrated inhibitory effects on biofilm formation and virulence factor expression of Staphylococcus aureus, with good biocompatibility and no significant development of antibiotic resistance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Ahmed E. Taha
Summary: This study evaluated the prevalence and toxin activity of C. difficile in retail raw animal meats in Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia. It found that some isolates showed reduced susceptibilities to certain antibiotics. Establishing a unified testing algorithm is crucial to evaluate the regional variation in C. difficile prevalence on a national and international scale.
FOOD SCIENCE OF ANIMAL RESOURCES
(2021)