Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bonnie L. Quigley, Faye Wedrowicz, Fiona Hogan, Peter Timms
Summary: The study focuses on the endogenization of koala retrovirus (KoRV) in koalas in different regions of Australia. It reveals that Northern Australian koalas are consistent in their endogenization levels, while Southern Australian koalas show lower endogenization levels. Different KoRV variants are distributed and related differently in koalas, with a distinct shift in variant proportions in southeast New South Wales, suggesting a transition from predominantly endogenous to exogenous KoRV in Australian koalas.
Article
Immunology
Lie Cheng, Wei-Liang Liu, Yun-Ting Tsou, Jian-Chiuan Li, Chia-Hao Chien, Matthew P. Su, Kun-Lin Liu, Ya-Lang Huang, Shih-Cheng Wu, Jih-Jin Tsai, Shie-Liang Hsieh, Chun-Hong Chen
Summary: C-type lectins can target DENV, and transgenic mosquitoes expressing human CLEC18A show potential in enhancing Toll immune pathway responses, reducing viral titers, and altering midgut microbiome composition, leading to inhibition of DENV.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Tiffany King, Asuncion Mejias, Octavio Ramilo, Mark E. Peeples
Summary: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infects the respiratory tracts of children and elders, and the virus produced under different cell culture conditions exhibits different structures and infectivity, emphasizing the importance of studying a virus produced by its native host cell.
Article
Microbiology
Diego Forni, Rachele Cagliani, Uberto Pozzoli, Manuela Sironi
Summary: The ongoing monkeypox outbreak is caused by viral lineages related to but distinct from Nigerian MPXV viruses. APOBEC-mediated editing might be responsible for the high number of mutations observed in hMPXV1 genomes. Mutation analysis revealed a prevalence of C-to-T and G-to-A mutations, consistent with the preferences of human APOBEC3 enzymes. The impact of APOBEC3 enzymes on the evolution of different orthopoxviruses was also demonstrated.
Article
Virology
Brenda Delamonica, Liliana Davalos, Mani Larijani, Simon J. Anthony, Jia Liu, Thomas MacCarthy
Summary: APOBEC3 is an enzyme subfamily that restricts viruses by generating mutations, and its host-specific hotspot mutations contribute to pathogen variation. The evolution of monkeypox virus (MPXV) strains due to APOBEC3-mediated mutations is still unknown. By analyzing human poxvirus genomes, the researchers found varying hotspot under-representation patterns, indicating different effects of APOBEC3-driven evolution. The results suggest that MPXV has a heightened potential for future human APOBEC3-mediated evolution. Understanding MPXV mutational potential is important for vaccine development, drug targeting, and controlling Mpox disease transmission.
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Paul W. Glimcher
Summary: Over the past half-century, researchers have been studying the irrationalities of human choice behavior. This review proposes a new interpretation: choice is efficiently irrational. The findings suggest that human choice behavior optimizes the trade-off between the costs of precision and the declining benefits.
TRENDS IN COGNITIVE SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Pusen Chen, Heping Cui, Tong Zhou, Linhui Feng, Khizar Hayat, Xiaoming Zhang, Chi-Tang Ho
Summary: The involvement of exogenous threonine in the degradation of l-threonine-d-xylose Amadori rearrangement product (Thr-ARP) was found to promote the formation of pyrazines. The quantitative analysis of pyrazines in a model of Thr-ARP/N-15-labeled threonine showed that endogenous threonine was prioritized over exogenous threonine in pyrazines formation. This study proposes that the aldimine condensation between exogenous threonine and Thr-ARP leads to the generation of endogenous threonine and the formation of pyrazines.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Adela Nazareth Garcia-Sanchez, Roberto Yanez-Macias, Jose Luis Hernandez-Flores, Ariel Alvarez-Morales, Jose Humberto Valenzuela-Soto, Carlos Guerrero-Sanchez, Ramiro Guerrero-Santos
Summary: The study showed that the polymeric water-dispersible nanobactericide (PNB) can significantly reduce the bacterial load of Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (CaLso) in tomato crops, leading to a decrease in symptoms and promoting plant growth and fruit production.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Prajakta Shinde, Nicholas Stamatos, James B. Doub
Summary: Bacteriophage therapy has gained attention as a potential treatment for various infections, but there is limited knowledge hindering the development of treatment protocols and clinical trials. This study evaluated the infectivity of three bacteriophages against clinical bacterial isolates in the presence and absence of human plasma. The results showed that the infectivity of Staphylococcal bacteriophages was significantly reduced in the presence of plasma, which has clinical implications for treating Staphylococcal infections.
CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Taewoo Kim, Kyoung Il Min, Jeong-Sun Yang, Jun Won Kim, Junhyung Cho, Yun Ho Kim, Jeong Seok Lee, Young Tae Kim, Kyung-Chang Kim, Jeong Yeon Kim, Kwon Joong Na, Joo-Yeon Lee, Young Soek Ju
Summary: This study combines human alveolar organoids and single-cell transcriptome sequencing to evaluate the relative infectivity of four highly transmissible SARS-CoV-2 variants. The results show that the Omicron variant is 5- to 7-fold more infectious to human alveolar cells than the other variants at the initial stage of infection.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yu Qi, Yucai Chen, Tian Xia, Iseult Lynch, Sijin Liu
Summary: Ambient fine particles, as a major air pollutant, have generated significant concerns regarding public health. Recent studies have made progress in understanding their biological effects and mechanisms. However, challenges remain in investigating exposure pathways, translocation in the human body, and the correlation between environmental exposure concentration and internal fate of particles. Furthermore, more research is needed on particle biotransformation and differentiation from biological macromolecules. This review highlights the current knowledge gaps and proposes future research directions to support fundamental studies and policy making.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Arkaprava Roy, Siba Prasad Datta, Mandira Barman, Debasis Golui, Somnath Bhattacharyya, Mahesh Chand Meena, Viswanathan Chinnusamy, Suchitra Pushkar, Punyavrat S. Pandey, Mohammad Mahmudur Rahman
Summary: This study investigated the effect of silicate on arsenic uptake in rice cultivars and assessed the health risk of dietary arsenic ingestion through rice. The addition of silicate effectively reduced the arsenic content in the grains of all rice cultivars.
Article
Plant Sciences
Dengliang Wang, Mazhar Saeed Randhawa, Muhammad Azam, Hongru Liu, Shaghef Ejaz, Riadh Ilahy, Rashad Qadri, Muhammad Imran Khan, Muhammad Ali Umer, Muhammad Arslan Khan, Ke Wang
Summary: Exogenous melatonin application delays postharvest senescence of papaya fruit, maintaining higher acidity, antioxidant capacity, and enzyme activity, thus preserving quality traits during cold storage.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Yeping Sun, Kun Zhang, Heyuan Qi, He Zhang, Shuang Zhang, Yuhai Bi, Linhuan Wu, Lei Sun, Jianxun Qi, Di Liu, Juncai Ma, Po Tien, Wenjun Liu, Jing Li
Summary: Researchers have developed a computational tool based on viral genomes to evaluate the human infectivity of avian influenza H7N9 strains, allowing for prediction of the potential risk of these strains infecting humans. Experimental results showed that strains predicted to have high human infectivity by the model replicated more efficiently in mammalian cells and were more infective in mice. This novel tool can serve as a powerful predictor of human infectivity and cross-species transmission risks of H7N9 avian strains.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Ying Wu, Silun Tan, Qing He, Mingshu Wang, Shun Chen, Renyong Jia, Qiao Yang, Dekang Zhu, Mafeng Liu, Xinxin Zhao, Shaqiu Zhang, Juan Huang, Xumin Ou, Sai Mao, Qun Gao, Di Sun, Bin Tian, Anchun Cheng
Summary: The US1 gene plays a crucial role in DPV infection, and its deletion significantly impairs viral replication, gene expression, and virulence. Understanding the pathogenesis of the US1 gene and developing attenuated vaccines targeting this gene could be key in controlling duck plague outbreaks.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)