Article
Biology
Ying Zhang, Kenneth E. Schriver, Jia Ming Hu, Anna Wang Roe
Summary: Spatial frequency is an important attribute in the visual scene and how it is encoded in extrastriate areas of primate visual cortex remains unclear. This study used optical imaging to investigate the relationship between spatial frequency maps and visual topography, color, and orientation maps. The findings suggest a population-based spatial frequency organization that is related to color and orientation in different cortical areas.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chen Fang, Xingya Cai, Haidong D. Lu
Summary: In mammals, there is a higher number of neurons in the V1 area dedicated to cardinal orientations than to oblique orientations. However, studies on macaque monkeys have produced conflicting results regarding the orientation distribution in their visual cortex. It has also been unclear whether different visual areas in the cortex exhibit different orientation anisotropies. This study analyzed optical imaging data and found that both V1 and V4 exhibit significant orientation anisotropies, but with different overrepresented orientations. These findings suggest that different cortical areas have evolved to prioritize different features for their functional purposes.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Georgios A. Keliris, Yibin Shao, Michael C. Schmid, Mark Augath, Nikos K. Logothetis, Stelios M. Smirnakis
Summary: In adult macaque monkeys, the higher order visual areas V2/V3 display significant capacity for topographic reorganization following retinal lesions, exceeding the corresponding capacity of area V1. Neurons inside the lesion projection zone (LPZ) reorganize by receiving input from either the fovea or the peripheral border of the LPZ.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Xingya Cai, Haoran Xu, Chao Han, Peichao Li, Jiayu Wang, Rui Zhang, Rendong Tang, Chen Fang, Kun Yan, Qianling Song, Chen Liang, Haidong D. Lu
Summary: Studies of resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) have provided insights into the structures and functions of the human brain. This study used imaging techniques to explore rsFC at a fine scale in the macaque visual cortex. A series of coherent activation patterns matching known functional maps were observed. These FC networks exhibited similar temporal characteristics and were even observed across different areas and hemispheres.
Article
Computer Science, Software Engineering
Tinghao Feng, Jing Yang, Martha-Cary Eppes, Zhaocong Yang, Faye Moser
Summary: Earth scientists are using time series data to study the impacts of climate and environmental changes on various spheres of the Earth. However, the complexity of variables and time scales hinders in-depth analyses. EVis is a visual analytics prototype that helps scientists explore relationships between environmental events and high dimensional time series data, offering foundational analyses and a novel approach to discover temporal patterns.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Sujeevini Sujanthan, Amir Shmuel, Janine Dale Mendola
Summary: This article reviews visually-driven functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of optic neuropathies, including glaucoma, optic neuritis, and traumatic optic neuropathy. These studies have shown that optic neuropathy-related vision loss results in functional deficits within the visual cortex, and the severity of these deficits is often correlated with clinical measures. The studies on glaucoma have revealed reorganization of the visual cortex, while those on optic neuritis have shown briefly hyperactive cortical areas. Visually-driven fMRI is sensitive in discriminating patients from controls, and using more complex visual stimuli can help in understanding the results better.
FRONTIERS IN HUMAN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Aleksandra Parka, Caroline Degel, Jakob Dreyer, Ulrike Richter, Benjamin Hall, Jesper F. Bastlund, Bettina Laursen, Maiken Nedergaard, Florence Sotty, Paolo Botta
Summary: Tau protein pathology is a common feature of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. In this study, researchers investigated the activity of primary visual cortex neurons in a mouse model of tauopathy. They found that these neurons exhibited reduced responsivity and overall activity, as well as impaired synchronicity and oscillations. These findings suggest that aberrant oscillations may serve as biomarkers for early stages of tauopathies.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
I Caprara, P. Janssen
Summary: Experimental evidence in macaque monkeys suggests that the frontal areas F5a and 45B play important roles in visually guided grasping, with the most significant impact observed in area F5p.
Article
Neurosciences
K. Tang-Wright, J. E. T. Smith, H. Bridge, K. L. Miller, T. B. Dyrby, B. Ahmed, N. L. Reislev, J. Sallet, A. J. Parker, K. Krug
Summary: Researchers used high-resolution postmortem dMRI and probabilistic tractography to generate retinotopic maps of the LGN and V5/MT in rhesus macaque brains, confirming differential connectivity of magnocellular and parvocellular LGN compartments with V1 at different visual field positions. The study findings suggest that tractography based on dMRI is sensitive enough to reveal the order connections between topographically organized neural structures and their functional organization.
Article
Biology
Fu Zeng, Adam Zaidel, Aihua Chen, Christopher R. Fetsch
Summary: The adult brain shows remarkable plasticity by recalibrating its perceptual estimates based on information from multiple sensory sources. In this study, single-neuron activity was recorded in monkeys' brains, revealing that early multisensory cortices participate in unsupervised recalibration, while the VIP area reflects a global shift in vestibular space.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carola I. Radulescu, Samuel J. Barnes
Summary: A new study looks into the neural-circuit and synaptic processes that facilitate the transition from general to specific aversive memory formation. The research identifies a critical role played by homeostatic synaptic down-scaling in shaping the specificity of associative memory.
Article
Neurosciences
Nathaniel P. Williams, Carl R. Olson
Summary: This study found that neurons in the inferotemporal cortex exhibit repetition suppression when an image is presented twice. The neurons respond less strongly to the second presentation, with the strongest suppression occurring when the adapter and test images are identical. The degree of suppression also depends on the preferences of the individual neuron, such as a stronger suppression when the repeated color or shape is preferred.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Hadar Cohen-Duwek, Hamutal Slovin, Elishai Ezra Tsur
Summary: Biologically plausible computational modeling can connect high-level visual experiences with the spiking dynamics of underlying neurons. This study proposes a neuromorphic Spiking Neural Network (SNN) driven model for reconstructing colorful images from retinal inputs. The model explores color constancy, color assimilation, and ambiguous color perception, and provides a critical evaluation of these visual phenomena within a biologically plausible computational framework. The results were compared to experimental data from macaque monkeys and showed the model's ability to simulate visual perception.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Ariana R. Andrei, Samantha Debes, Mircea Chelaru, Xiaoqin Liu, Elsa Rodarte, John L. Spudich, Roger Janz, Valentin Dragoi
Summary: The study demonstrates that optogenetic inactivation of glutamatergic neurons in the superficial layers of monkey primary visual cortex induces robust suppression at the light-targeted site, but destabilizes stimulus responses in the neighboring, untargeted network. Different types of stimulus-evoked neuronal responses were identified within a cortical column, ranging from full suppression to facilitation, with mixed responses being most prominent in middle and deep cortical layers. Consistent behavioral changes induced by optogenetic inactivation were achieved when cumulative network activity was homogeneously suppressed, highlighting the importance of considering the full range of network changes outside the inactivated cortical region to avoid confounding interpretations of inactivation experiments.
Article
Biology
Sacha Sokoloski, Amir Aschner, Ruben Coen-Cagli
Summary: This paper proposes a response model based on mixture models and exponential families, which can capture the variability and covariability in large-scale neural recordings. Additionally, the model facilitates accurate Bayesian decoding, provides a closed-form expression for the Fisher information, and is compatible with theories of probabilistic population coding.
Article
Neurosciences
Katharine A. Shapcott, Joscha T. Schmiedt, Kleopatra Kouroupaki, Ricardo Kienitz, Andreea Lazar, Wolf Singer, Michael C. Schmid
Article
Neurosciences
Samy Rima, Grace Kerbyson, Elizabeth Jones, Michael C. Schmid
Article
Neurosciences
Sebastien Tremblay, Leah Acker, Arash Afraz, Daniel L. Albaugh, Hidetoshi Amita, Ariana R. Andrei, Alessandra Angelucci, Amir Aschner, Puiu F. Balan, Michele A. Basso, Giacomo Benvenuti, Martin O. Bohlen, Michael J. Caiola, Roberto Calcedo, James Cavanaugh, Yuzhi Chen, Spencer Chen, Mykyta M. Chernov, Andrew M. Clark, Ji Dai, Samantha R. Debes, Karl Deisseroth, Robert Desimone, Valentin Dragoi, Seth W. Egger, Mark A. G. Eldridge, Hala G. El-Nahal, Francesco Fabbrini, Frederick Federer, Christopher R. Fetsch, Michel G. Fortuna, Robert M. Friedman, Naotaka Fujii, Alexander Gail, Adriana Galvan, Supriya Ghosh, Marc Alwin Gieselmann, Roberto A. Gulli, Okihide Hikosaka, Eghbal A. Hosseini, Xing Hu, Janina Huer, Ken-ichi Inoue, Roger Janz, Mehrdad Jazayeri, Rundong Jiang, Niansheng Ju, Kohitij Kar, Carsten Klein, Adam Kohn, Misako Komatsu, Kazutaka Maeda, Julio C. Martinez-Trujillo, Masayuki Matsumoto, John H. R. Maunsell, Diego Mendoza-Halliday, Ilya E. Monosov, Ross S. Muers, Lauri Nurminen, Michael Ortiz-Rios, Daniel J. O'Shea, Stephane Palfi, Christopher Petkov, Sorin Pojoga, Rishi Rajalingham, Charu Ramakrishnan, Evan D. Remington, Cambria Revsine, Anna W. Roe, Philip N. Sabes, Richard C. Saunders, Hansjorg Scherberger, Michael C. Schmid, Wolfram Schult, Eyal Seidemann, Yann-Suhan Senova, Michael N. Shadlen, David L. Sheinberg, Caitlin Siu, Yoland Smith, Selina S. Solomon, Marc A. Sommer, John L. Spudich, William R. Stauffer, Masahiko Takada, Shiming Tang, Alexander Thiele, Stefan Treue, Wim Vanduffel, Rufin Vogels, Matthew P. Whitmire, Thomas Wichmann, Robert H. Wurtz, Haoran Xu, Azadeh Yazdan-Shahmorad, Krishna Shenoy, James J. DiCarlo, Michael L. Pla
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ricardo Kienitz, Michele A. Cox, Kacie Dougherty, Richard C. Saunders, Joscha T. Schmiedt, David A. Leopold, Alexander Maier, Michael C. Schmid
Summary: In experiments with macaque monkeys, it was found that theta and gamma oscillations exist in primary visual cortex and mid-level cortical areas, with implications for reaction times and neural activity. The ongoing presence of theta and gamma oscillations suggests feedforward sensory processing from V1 to V4, while a clear dissociation between the two rhythms in V4 is observed after lesioning V1.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Brook A. L. Perry, Stuart Mason, Jennifer Nacef, Ashley Waddle, Brian Hynes, Caroline Bergmann, Michael C. Schmid, Christopher I. Petkov, Alexander Thiele, Anna S. Mitchell
Summary: A protective head cap was developed to promote wound healing after cranial implant surgery in macaque monkeys, reducing the need for re-suturing by 30%. Monkeys wearing the head cap also had reduced days of prescribed antibiotics and analgesia.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE METHODS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Kacie Dougherty, Brock M. Carlson, Michele A. Cox, Jacob A. Westerberg, Wolf Zinke, Michael C. Schmid, Paul R. Martin, Alexander Maier
Summary: The lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) in the brain receives outputs from both eyes, with most neurons being activated by stimulation from one dominant eye. Previous work has shown binocular modulation in monkeys when luminance differences are introduced or with single-contrast stimuli. The study found that LGN neurons of all types were significantly suppressed when stimuli were presented at low contrast to the dominant eye and high contrast to the non-dominant eye, indicating antagonistic interaction between the inputs of the two eyes.
Article
Neurosciences
Michael Ortiz-Rios, Fabien Balezeau, Marcus Haag, Michael C. Schmid, Marcus Kaiser
Summary: The study found that macaque visual brain regions are poly-functional and able to change their configuration state depending on the nature of visual input, with a high degree of variability among different subjects. Free-viewing networks showed higher correlations among long-distance brain regions across cerebral hemispheres.
Article
Neurosciences
P. Christiaan Klink, Jean-Francois Aubry, Vincent P. Ferrera, Andrew S. Fox, Sean Froudist-Walsh, Bechir Jarraya, Elisa E. Konofagou, Richard J. Krauzlis, Adam Messinger, Anna S. Mitchell, Michael Ortiz-Rios, Hiroyuki Oya, Angela C. Roberts, Anna Wang Roe, Matthew F. S. Rushworth, Jerome Sallet, Michael Christoph Schmid, Charles E. Schroeder, Jordy Tasserie, Doris Y. Tsao, Lynn Uhrig, Wim Vanduffel, Melanie Wilke, Igor Kagan, Christopher Petkov
Summary: Brain perturbation studies focus on non-invasive methods, with non-human primates serving as a research model for neurobiological systems and providing various perturbation methods. These methods can be combined with neuroimaging to facilitate research in the field.
Review
Neurosciences
Ricardo Kienitz, Michael C. Schmid, Laura Dugue
Summary: Sampling of information is considered an important aspect of exploratory behavior, with evidence of rhythmicity at low frequencies across various cognitive domains. Neurophysiological studies have shown sampling-related neural oscillations in different brain areas of rodents, non-human primates, and humans. Critical evaluation of task parameters and their potential link with neural oscillations is necessary to determine if rhythmic sampling represents a general aspect of exploratory behavior.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Alina Peter, Benjamin Johannes Stauch, Katharine Shapcott, Kleopatra Kouroupaki, Joscha Tapani Schmiedt, Liane Klein, Johanna Klon-Lipok, Jarrod Robert Dowdall, Marieke Louise Schoelvinck, Martin Vinck, Michael Christoph Schmid, Pascal Fries
Summary: Repeated visual stimuli can decrease average neuronal responses, but maintain or increase impact through increased synchronization. These effects persist on a minute timescale, and gamma-band synchronization plays an important role in processing repeated stimuli.
Article
Neurosciences
Samy Rima, Michael C. Schmid
Summary: The study found that during reading, individuals with developmental dyslexia tend to display small eye movements more frequently compared to neurotypicals, and the rate and spatio-temporal variability of these fixational saccades are associated with reading speed and reading skill scores. These findings suggest that small saccades have predictive value for reading ability, but may not necessarily be indicative of developmental dyslexia.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Georgios A. Keliris, Yibin Shao, Michael C. Schmid, Mark Augath, Nikos K. Logothetis, Stelios M. Smirnakis
Summary: In adult macaque monkeys, the higher order visual areas V2/V3 display significant capacity for topographic reorganization following retinal lesions, exceeding the corresponding capacity of area V1. Neurons inside the lesion projection zone (LPZ) reorganize by receiving input from either the fovea or the peripheral border of the LPZ.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Vishal Kapoor, Abhilash Dwarakanath, Shervin Safavi, Joachim Werner, Michel Besserve, Theofanis I. Panagiotaropoulos, Nikos K. Logothetis
Summary: The study examines the activity of prefrontal neurons in rhesus macaques and finds that internally generated changes in conscious perception are reliably reflected within prefrontal population activity, even in the absence of voluntary reports or changes in sensory input.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Ricardo Kienitz, Kleopatra Kouroupaki, Michael C. Schmid
Summary: This study provides evidence that local microstimulation in the V4 area can improve behavior and reduce luminance detection thresholds, highlighting the critical role of V4 in attention.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Joachim Bellet, Marion Gay, Abhilash Dwarakanath, Bechir Jarraya, Timo van Kerkoerle, Stanislas Dehaene, Theofanis Panagiotaropoulos
Summary: The primate prefrontal cortex is debated in its role in conscious perception. Research shows that PFC neurons contain detailed code of conscious contents and are activated in paradigms of conscious visual perception. Results indicate that neuronal populations in the macaque PFC reliably encode visual stimuli even under conditions that challenge conscious perception.
NEUROSCIENCE OF CONSCIOUSNESS
(2022)