Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Noa Barak-Broner, Dafna Singer-Lahat, Dodo Chikvashvili, Ilana Lotan
Summary: In this study, we found that the polybasic juxtamembrane region of syntaxin1A acts as a fusion clamp in PC12 cells and is required for depolarization-induced Ca2+-dependent opening of Syx. Phosphorylation of Syx at Ser-14 by casein kinase 2 was identified as a key molecular determinant for this process. The S14 phosphorylation confers the requirement for the close-to-open transition of Syx, which is crucial for both Ca2+-triggered release and spontaneous release.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lei Wan, Xi Chen, Wolfhard Almers
Summary: Syntaxin plays a crucial role in catalyzing membrane fusion during exocytosis and forms clusters in the plasma membrane. The mechanism of cluster formation differs between on-granule and off-granule clusters in live PC12 cells.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xinquan Yang, Weifeng Tu, Xuzhu Gao, Qi Zhang, Jinping Guan, Junlong Zhang
Summary: The mechanism of neuroendocrine cell exocytosis is regulated by multiple factors, including SNARE protein complexes, proteins, lipids, protein kinases, drugs, and toxins. Syntaxin-1 plays a crucial role in neuroendocrine cell exocytosis, and the accurate and rapid binding of syntaxin-1 to other SNARE proteins promotes membrane fusion. Investigating syntaxin-1 mutation-associated diseases could provide novel mechanistic therapeutic targets for the treatment of neuroendocrine disorders.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eric de Hoog, Gaynor E. Spencer
Summary: The metabolite of vitamin A, retinoic acid (RA), influences neuronal firing by inducing spike broadening and complex spiking, and modulates Ca2+ influx through CaV2 channels by enhancing inactivation of delayed rectifier voltage-gated K+ channels.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Physiology
Jun Zhang, Huikai Yuan, Xiaoqiang Yao, Shuo Chen
Summary: Mammalian expression systems, particularly HEK-293 cells, combined with electrophysiological studies, have greatly improved our understanding of ion channels. It was previously assumed that endogenous ion channels in HEK-293 cells were negligible, but recent studies have shown their presence should be considered. This article summarizes the different endogenously expressed ion channels in HEK-293 cells and highlights the variability in expression patterns and channel profiles. A better understanding of endogenous ion channels can help minimize potential issues in characterizing heterologously expressed ion channels. It is recommended to examine the functional profile of HEK-293 cells before transfection, especially when endogenous ion channels are not overwhelmed by exogenous ion channels.
PFLUGERS ARCHIV-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Eleonora de Klerk, Yini Xiao, Christopher H. Emfinger, Mark P. Keller, David I. Berrios, Valentina Loconte, Axel A. Ekman, Kate L. White, Rebecca L. Cardone, Richard G. Kibbey, Alan D. Attie, Matthias Hebrok
Summary: Insulin secretion is essential for glucose homeostasis and defects in this process result in diabetes. Reduction of ZNF148 in human islets and its deletion in SC-beta cells enhance insulin secretion. ZNF148 in SC-beta cells prevents the translocation of annexin A2 from the nucleus to the cell membrane via repression of S100A16 expression, suggesting that suppression of ZNF148 may be a potential therapeutic strategy to enhance insulin secretion.
Article
Cell Biology
Julia Serna, Diego A. Peraza, Sara Moreno-Estar, Juan J. Saez, Dino Gobelli, Maria Simarro, Claire Hivroz, Jose R. Lopez-Lopez, Pilar Cidad, Miguel A. de la Fuente, M. Teresa Perez-Garcia
Summary: Voltage-dependent potassium channel Kv1.3 plays a crucial role in T-cell activation, but reliable detection under endogenous circumstances is hindered by the lack of reliable antibodies. To overcome this limitation, a Jurkat T-cell line with endogenous Kv1.3 channel tagged was created to study its expression, location, and changes during activation. The study revealed the presence of three isoforms of Kv1.3, including a previously undescribed truncated isoform, which showed different functional roles in T cells.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Wonchul Shin, Lisi Wei, Gianvito Arpino, Lihao Ge, Xiaoli Guo, Chung Yu Chan, Edaeni Hamid, Oleg Shupliakov, Christopher K. E. Bleck, Ling-Gang Wu
Summary: This study reveals that endocytosis is mainly mediated by calcium-triggered and dynamin-mediated closure of Omega profiles and fusion pores, leading to the formation of Lambda-shaped, Omega-shaped, and O-shaped vesicles, rather than the traditional flat-to-round membrane transformation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Md Mostafizur Rahman, Asmita Pathak, Kathryn L. Schueler, Haifa Alsharif, Ava Michl, Justin Alexander, Jeong-A Kim, Sushant Bhatnagar
Summary: Stimulus-coupled insulin secretion involves fusion of insulin granules to the plasma membrane via SNARE complex formation. Deletion of Syt9 protein increases glucose clearance and plasma insulin levels in mice. Syt9 interacts with tomosyn-1 and Stx1A, and its inhibitory effects on insulin secretion are mediated by tomosyn-1.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Md Mostafizur Rahman, Asmita Pathak, Kathryn L. Schueler, Haifa Alsharif, Ava Michl, Justin Alexander, Jeong-A Kim, Sushant Bhatnagar
Summary: This study shows that the deletion of Synaptotagmin-9 (Syt9) in mice increases glucose clearance and plasma insulin levels, inhibiting insulin secretion and glucose clearance.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Tengpeng Wang, Runze Wang, Xiaoyu Xie, Shuo Chang, Tao Wei, Dehua Dong, Zhi Wang
Summary: This study demonstrates the state-of-the-art exsolution over cathode-supported SOFCs, which achieve the highest cell performance compared to conventional electrolyte-supported SOFCs with perovskite anodes using CH4 as a fuel. The dendritic channel structure of cathode supports retains a high active surface during high-temperature electrolyte sintering.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Ana Fernandez, Carmen Martinez-Ramirez, Ana Gomez, Antonio M. G. de Diego, Luis Gandia, Maria Jose Casarejos, Antonio G. Garcia
Summary: From a pathogenic perspective, Huntington's disease (HD) is considered a synaptopathy with alterations in neurotransmitter release and catecholamine secretion in chromaffin cells (CCs). This study explored the impact of mitochondrial deficits on CCs in a mouse model of HD. The results showed fragmented mitochondria, oxidative stress, decreased respiration and ATP levels, mitochondrial depolarization, and impaired catecholamine release and calcium channel currents. These alterations were observed at an early disease stage, suggesting that mitochondrial dysfunction is a primary event in HD pathogenesis.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yutong Zhang, Nan Chen, Naicheng Xin, Qihao Li, Tiehua Zhang, Haiqing Ye, Changhui Zhao
Summary: This study found that chlorogenic acid (CGA) can stabilize lactoferrin (LF) solution and form a relatively stable complex with LF. The complex has a synergistic anti-proliferative effect on colorectal cancer cells by arresting the cell cycle.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Moritoshi Hirono, Masanori Nakata
Summary: A study found that the appetite-stimulating peptide ghrelin enhances GABAergic transmission between neurons in the cerebellum, affecting its activity. This effect may be mediated by the GHS-R1a receptor and the TRPC1 and KCNQ ion channels.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Po-An Lin, Sulav Paudel, Nursyafiqi Bin Zainuddin, Ching-Wen Tan, Anjel Helms, Jared G. Ali, Gary W. Felton
Summary: Water availability has an impact on the ability of plants to attract natural enemies through herbivore-induced plant volatiles. Low water availability increases the emission of repellent volatiles and reduces the emission of volatiles that attract natural enemies, disrupting plant indirect defense mediated by natural enemies.
JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
(2022)