Review
Plant Sciences
Michael Taliansky, Viktoria Samarskaya, Sergey K. Zavriev, Igor Fesenko, Natalia O. Kalinina, Andrew J. Love
Summary: Non-coding RNAs have garnered attention as essential regulators in cellular processes and disease responses, with potential for engineering virus resistance against plant viruses using RNA interference and CRISPR-Cas technology. The main strategies for engineering virus resistance involve targeting viral DNA or RNA directly, or inactivating plant host susceptibility genes. Challenges must be addressed before these technologies can be widely utilized in crop protection against viruses.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Manabu Yoshikawa, Yong-Woon Han, Hirofumi Fujii, Shu Aizawa, Tatsuya Nishino, Masayuki Ishikawa
Summary: In plants, siRNAs are amplified through cleavage by RISCs and play a crucial role in target repression. RDR6, SGS3, and SDE5 work together to ensure the specificity and efficiency of siRNA amplification and target inhibition in plants.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Linlin Luo, Xiaoyu Yang, Mingxi Guo, Ting Lan, Yu Yu, Beixin Mo, Xuemei Chen, Lei Gao, Lin Liu
Summary: This study systematically characterized TAS3 siRNAs in rice and identified target genes for both tasiR-ARFs and non-tasiR-ARF siRNAs. Experimental confirmation of siRNA-target interactions revealed the regulatory role of ribosomes in these interactions, particularly in rice polysome samples. Overall, the study sheds light on TAS3 genes in plants and expands knowledge about rice TAS3 siRNA-target interactions.
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Minhyeok Lee
Summary: The integration of machine learning and small interfering RNA (siRNA) research has revolutionized the field of RNA interference (RNAi). This review emphasizes the importance of assimilating advancements in this domain from 2019 to 2023, given the rapid progress of deep learning technologies. It provides comprehensive insight into the confluence of machine learning and siRNA, guiding future explorations in this research field.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jelena Rakocevic, Milan Dobric, Rada Vucic, Matija Furtula, Ivan Zaletel, Katarina Milutinovic, Ana Ilijevski, Milica Labudovic Borovic, Miloje Tomasevic, Milos Bajcetic
Summary: The PCSK9 enzyme interferes with LDL cholesterol metabolism. Inhibiting PCSK9 lowers LDL cholesterol levels. Monoclonal antibodies targeting PCSK9 have shown strong and persistent effects, but require frequent subcutaneous injections. Inclisiran, a synthesized siRNA, inhibits PCSK9 synthesis and provides sustained LDL cholesterol lowering with twice-yearly applications.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Priyanga Ranasinghe, Melisande L. Addison, James W. Dear, David J. Webb
Summary: Post-transcriptional gene silencing can be achieved through siRNA therapy, which uses synthetic short double-stranded RNA molecules to specifically target and degrade mRNA transcripts. This technology offers advantages such as broad targeting capabilities and long-lasting effects. However, challenges in terms of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics have been addressed through chemical modification and delivery systems. Several siRNA therapies have been approved for clinical use, but further advancements are needed to target organs beyond the liver and reach special sites.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Lili Jiang, Zunhe Du, Guizhi Zhang, Teng Wang, Guanghui Jin
Summary: This article introduces the mechanisms and progress of using RNA interference technology to enhance potato's resistance to viruses, and discusses the challenges in overcoming RNAi.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Santoshi Naik, Ajjappla Basavaraj Shreya, Ruchira Raychaudhuri, Abhijeet Pandey, Shaila A. Lewis, Manali Hazarika, Sulatha Bhandary, Bola Sadashiva Satish Rao, Srinivas Mutalik
Summary: This article discusses the current research on using siRNA-based gene silencing strategies to treat glaucoma, including discussions on ocular structures, administration routes, viral and non-viral vectors, as well as basic strategies and challenges in siRNA therapy. Different therapeutic targets for glaucoma, current siRNA-based drugs used in treatment, and strategies for siRNA-based treatment after glaucoma surgery are also briefly mentioned.
Article
Plant Sciences
Chengcheng Zhong, Neil A. Smith, Daai Zhang, Xiuhong Gou, Ian K. Greaves, Anthony A. Millar, Tom K. Walsh, Weixing Shan, Ming-Bo Wang
Summary: In this study, a highly efficient small RNA target mimicry design based on G-U base-paired hairpin RNA (hpG:U) was presented, which allows for the simultaneous targeting of multiple sRNAs. The hpG:U construct consistently generates high amounts of intact, polyadenylated stem-loop RNA, leading to effective repression of multiple miRNAs and siRNAs. This technology holds great potential for sRNA functional analysis and the management of sRNA-mediated diseases.
Article
Plant Sciences
Daniel Endale Gebremichael, Zeraye Mehari Haile, Francesca Negrini, Silvia Sabbadini, Luca Capriotti, Bruno Mezzetti, Elena Baraldi
Summary: The application of exogenous RNAi technology in managing plant pathogenic fungi has shown promising results in reducing disease severity, highlighting the great potential of RNAi-mediated control of fungal diseases in crops.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Julien Ouvrard, Lisa Muniz, Estelle Nicolas, Didier Trouche
Summary: siRNAs can induce transcriptional silencing of chromatin-associated noncoding RNA through base-pairing with the target sequence. Transcriptional silencing occurs only in cis, and both Ago1 and Ago2 are involved.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Rommel J. Gestuveo, Rhys Parry, Laura B. Dickson, Sebastian Lequime, Vattipally B. Sreenu, Matthew J. Arnold, Alexander A. Khromykh, Esther Schnettler, Louis Lambrechts, Margus Varjak, Alain Kohl
Summary: The helicase and RNase III domains of Ae. aegypti Dcr2 play crucial roles in antiviral activity and the exo-siRNA pathway. Conserved amino acids in these domains are functionally relevant and are found in Dcr2 sequences from different continents. Analysis of vsiRNA sequences produced by functional Dcr2 reveals diverse yet consistent patterns, suggesting a processive cleavage mechanism for vsiRNA production.
Article
Agronomy
Haoju Liu, Enlong Shen, Hao Wu, Weihua Ma, Hao Chen, Yongjun Lin
Summary: The study successfully developed SSB-resistant rice using an amiRNA-mediated strategy and demonstrated its inhibitory effect on larval growth. The novel amiRNA csu-novel-miR53 has potential application in developing SSB-resistant rice. Transcriptome analysis identified 28 differentially expressed unigenes in the midgut of SSB larvae fed on csu-53 rice.
PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anna S. Pavlova, Kristina I. Yakovleva, Anna V. Epanchitseva, Maxim S. Kupryushkin, Inna A. Pyshnaya, Dmitrii V. Pyshnyi, Elena I. Ryabchikova, Ilya S. Dovydenko
Summary: The study showed that siRNA modified with the phosphoryl guanidine (PG) group exhibited increased resistance to RNase A but decreased thermodynamic stability. However, PG-modified siRNA retained its activity when the modifications were introduced into the passenger strand.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Li Chen, Si Xiao, Li Jinbo, Zhang Yan
Summary: In the past decade, nucleic acid therapeutics, specifically RNA interference (RNAi) based technology, have rapidly developed and been widely used in treating various diseases. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a specific gene silencing method that has provided an effective means for studying gene function and developing new therapeutic strategies. Hence, there has been great interest in using siRNA as a therapy to target specific gene functions. However, to make RNAi technology valuable and effective, it is crucial to chemically modify siRNA and develop efficient siRNA delivery strategies. This review provides an overview of the chemical modifications of siRNA to enhance its stability and resistance to nucleases. It also discusses the development of siRNA delivery systems, including lipid-based and polymer-based carrier systems, to improve the pharmacokinetics and intracellular delivery of siRNA.
ACTA CHIMICA SINICA
(2023)