Article
Pediatrics
Isabel Gutierrez-Diaz, Miriam Sanz-Martinez, Ana Ma Castro, Marta Velasco Rodriguez-Belvis, Nathalie Carreira, Santiago Jimenez, Carmen Mangas, Macarena Queralt, Marta Herrador, Rafael Martin-Masot, Pablo Ferrer, Victor M. Navas-Lopez, Beatriz Espin, Rosaura Leis, Juan J. Diaz, Susana Delgado
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate feces as a potential source of biomarkers for severity in pediatric COVID-19 patients, focusing on intestinal microbiota and fecal immune mediators. The study found a decrease in certain gut bacteria, such as bifidobacteria, in hospitalized infants with COVID-19. Additionally, reduced excretion of immune factors in fecal samples was observed. These findings suggest that infants hospitalized with COVID-19 may have an immature immune system at the intestinal level.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Aida Mayorgas, Isabella Dotti, Azucena Salas
Summary: Chronic inflammatory disorders are on the rise globally, with implications of the microbiota in persistent inflammation still being studied. Intestinal epithelial cells are important in forming a protective barrier to harmful components, and strategies like probiotics and postbiotics are being explored to combat bacterial imbalance during inflammation.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Oksana Zinina, Svetlana Merenkova, Maksim Rebezov, Gulnara Zhumanova, Pavel Burkov, Alexandra Knyazeva
Summary: Large quantities of meat by-products are generated during poultry slaughtering and processing. This study optimized the technological parameters of microbial hydrolysis of hen combs and analyzed the changes in microstructure and properties of hydrolyzed by-products under the action of bacterial enzymes. The results showed that temperature, amount of bacterial concentrate, and hydrolysis period significantly influenced the degree of hydrolysis.
FERMENTATION-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pablo Castro-Cordova, Paola Mora-Uribe, Rodrigo Reyes-Ramirez, Glenda Cofre-Araneda, Josue Orozco-Aguilar, Christian Brito-Silva, Maria Jose Mendoza-Leon, Sarah A. Kuehne, Nigel P. Minton, Marjorie Pizarro-Guajardo, Daniel Paredes-Sabja
Summary: Spores produced by Clostridioides difficile during infection play a crucial role in the disease recurrence. Entry of the spores into the intestinal mucosa via host fibronectin and vitronectin pathways, and inhibition of spore entry can lead to reduced recurrence of infection in a mouse model.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Dafni Giannari, Cleo Hanchen Ho, Radhakrishnan Mahadevan
Summary: Microbes are abundant on earth and their metabolic interactions drive the properties of microbial communities. Understanding the effects of microbial metabolism on interspecies interactions is essential for studying microbial communities. Constraint-based methods can offer insights into these interactions and aid in modeling and analysis at a community level.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Shuling Fan, Kevin Boerner, Chithra K. Muraleedharan, Asma Nusrat, Miguel Quiros, Charles A. Parkos
Summary: Junctional adhesion molecule-A (JAM-A) is crucial for controlling cell migration and mucosal repair of intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). JAM-A deficiency impairs IEC migration and mucosal healing. Mechanistic studies indicate that JAM-A stabilizes protein signaling complexes at focal adhesions, affecting Rap1A activity and focal adhesion structure.
Article
Microbiology
Linzheng Lyu, Xiaohong Zhou, Meng Zhang, Li Liu, Haiyue Niu, Jiliang Zhang, Shiwei Chen, Pimin Gong, Shilong Jiang, Jiancun Pan, Yuanyuan Li, Xue Han, Dayou Cheng, Lanwei Zhang
Summary: This study analyzed the intestinal microbiota of infants born through vaginal delivery and C-section, finding differences in bacterial composition. A strain of Bifidobacterium bifidum FL-228.1 was selected for its beneficial effects on intestinal epithelial cell development, as demonstrated in rat pups through in vivo experiments.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Iulia Rusu, Elvira Mennillo, Jared L. Bain, Zhongmei Li, Xiaofei Sun, Kimberly M. Ly, Yenny Y. Rosli, Mohammad Naser, Zunqiu Wang, Rommel Advincula, Philip Achacoso, Ling Shao, Bahram Razani, Ophir D. Klein, Alexander Marson, Jessie A. Turnbaugh, Peter J. Turnbaugh, Barbara A. Malynn, Averil Ma, Michael G. Kattah
Summary: Anti-TNF therapy is effective for treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but some patients don't respond well to this treatment. In this study, researchers found that the deletion of certain genes in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) can sensitize mice to both TNF-dependent and TNF-independent cell death. The study also showed that microbial signals, MyD88, and LT alpha all contribute to the TNF-independent intestinal injury. These findings highlight the importance of TNF-independent pathways in the development of IBD and suggest potential targets for therapy.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Oksana Zinina, Svetlana Merenkova, Damir Galimov
Summary: This study investigated the hydrolysis of poultry gizzards using bifidobacteria liquid concentrate and Propionix liquid concentrated starter culture, finding that temperature and time significantly impact the hydrolysis degree. Structural and microscopic analysis results confirmed the high hydrolysability of poultry by-products by altering their structure and increasing the number of smaller protein particles, with hens' gizzards showing greater susceptibility to probiotic microorganisms' enzymes compared to broiler chickens.
FERMENTATION-BASEL
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Meghan Ferguson, Edan Foley
Summary: The intestine is constantly exposed to a dynamic community of microbes, and microbial recognition pathways play a crucial role in balancing pathogens and microbiome. Studies using different model organisms have shown the impact of microbes on intestinal proliferation, differentiation, and disease development, as well as the direct regulation of intestinal stem cells and crypt dynamics by immune pathways.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yajuan Bai, Yue Zhou, Xiang Li, Ruifen Zhang, Fei Huang, Bei Fan, Litao Tong, Fengzhong Wang, Mingwei Zhang
Summary: Longan pulp polysaccharide, known as LPIIa, is a bioactive compound that acts as a prebiotic and protects the intestinal barrier. This study found that LPIIa's molecular weight remained stable after gastrointestinal digestion and that 56.02% of it was consumed by gut microbiota during fecal fermentation. The intake of LPIIa increased the production of short-chain fatty acids and expression of G-protein-coupled receptor 41 in the colon, as well as improved the richness of beneficial bacteria in the colon content. Fecal fermented LPIIa showed better protection of the intestinal epithelial barrier compared to LPIIa alone.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Alessandro Vastolo, Jonathan Riedmueller, Monica Isabella Cutrignelli, Juergen Zentek
Summary: Hemp oil as a source of polyunsaturated fatty acids shows positive effects on the fecal microbial population in animals.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alexander Y. G. Yip, Olivia G. King, Oleksii Omelchenko, Sanjana Kurkimat, Victoria Horrocks, Phoebe Mostyn, Nathan Danckert, Rohma Ghani, Giovanni Satta, Elita Jauneikaite, Frances J. Davies, Thomas B. Clarke, Benjamin H. Mullish, Julian R. Marchesi, Julie A. K. McDonald
Summary: The intestine serves as a primary colonisation site for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and acts as a reservoir for invasive infections. Antibiotics disrupt the colonisation resistance provided by gut microbiota, which leads to an expansion of CRE within the intestine. This study demonstrates that antibiotic-induced reduction of gut microbial populations results in the enrichment of nutrients and the depletion of inhibitory metabolites, promoting the growth of CRE.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Svetlana Merenkova, Oksana Zinina, Irina Lykasova, Alexander Kuznetsov, Tatyana Shnyakina
Summary: The study demonstrates that the use of bacterial concentrates significantly impacts the amino acid composition and microstructure of poultry by-products, enhancing the hydrolysability of protein hydrolysates.
FERMENTATION-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Toshinori Yasuzawa, Ryota Nishi, Satono Ishitani, Osamu Matsuo, Shigeru Ueshima
Summary: This article discusses the importance of intestinal microbiota in regulating host physiological functions and homeostasis, as well as the effects of the enzyme preparation Enzamin on the intestinal microbiota and inflammation in obese mice.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Estefani Luna, Shanthi G. Parkar, Nina Kirmiz, Stephanie Hartel, Erik Hearn, Marziiah Hossine, Arinnae Kurdian, Claudia Mendoza, Katherine Orr, Loren Padilla, Katherine Ramirez, Priscilla Salcedo, Erik Serrano, Biswa Choudhury, Mousumi Paulchakrabarti, Craig T. Parker, Steven Huynh, Kerry Cooper, Gilberto E. Flores
Summary: This study examined the capability of Akkermansia strains to utilize human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). The results showed that strains representing different phylogroups of Akkermansia had varied metabolic potentials to degrade HMOs and were able to grow on HMOs and produce metabolites. These interactions between Akkermansia and HMOs potentially influence gut microbial ecology in early life, which is critical for the development of the gut microbiome and infant health.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Christina F. Butowski, David G. Thomas, Nick J. Cave, Emma N. Bermingham, Douglas I. Rosendale, Shen-Yan Hea, Halina M. Stoklosinski, Wayne Young
Summary: The gastrointestinal microbiome of domestic cats can produce beneficial butyrate by fermenting animal-derived substrates, as shown in laboratory experiments. This has important implications for the formulation of species-appropriate diets for cats.
Editorial Material
Microbiology
Shanthi G. Parkar, Pramod K. Gopal
Article
Plant Sciences
Kirstin Wurms, Annette Ah Chee, Kate Stannard, Rachelle Anderson, Dwayne Jensen, Janine Cooney, Duncan Hedderley
Summary: This study investigated the impact of latania scale insect on two kiwifruit cultivars and the efficacy of different elicitors. The results showed that the tolerant cultivar 'Hort16A' had a positive response to acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM) elicitor, while methyl jasmonate (MeJA) elicitor had no significant effect on the susceptible cultivar 'Hayward'.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
John Monro, Suman Mishra, Halina Stoklosinski, Kerry Bentley-Hewitt, Duncan Hedderley, Hannah Dinnan, Sheridan Martell
Summary: Non-sugar components of kiwifruit can reduce the glycaemic response when consumed with starch, and whole kiwifruit pulp has the strongest inhibitory effect on blood glucose response.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Sinisa Vidovic, Gunaranjan Paturi, Sravani Gupta, Graham C. Fletcher
Summary: Listeria monocytogenes is a major foodborne pathogen with unique ecological and physiological characteristics. Its ability to multiply at refrigeration temperature and persist in the food processing environment has significant implications for food safety. Due to consumer demand for ready-to-eat and minimally processed food, effective approaches to control L. monocytogenes contamination are necessary. This review discusses the distinct lifestyle of L. monocytogenes and emerging food decontamination technologies for better control.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Sara R. Jaeger, Duncan Hedderley, John Prescott
Summary: Food neophobia (FN), characterized by the rejection of unfamiliar foods, is common among adults in all cultures. This study found that arousal plays a key role in food rejection, with high arousal induced by food novelty or intense flavors. Likability of foods with these characteristics was strongly negatively associated with FN. The study also showed that arousal ratings increased and liking ratings decreased with decreased food familiarity. These effects were consistent across multiple countries, suggesting that arousal universally determines liking for foods and underlies food rejection in FN.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kirstin V. Wurms, Tony Reglinski, Poppy Buissink, Annette Ah Chee, Christina Fehlmann, Stella McDonald, Janine Cooney, Dwayne Jensen, Duncan Hedderley, Catherine McKenzie, Erik H. A. Rikkerink
Summary: Environmental extremes such as drought and flooding are causing significant crop losses due to global warming. Understanding the plant water stress response is crucial for adapting to climate change, especially the role of the abscisic acid (ABA) pathway. In this study, kiwifruit plants were exposed to different watering regimes, and it was found that ABA levels and ABA pathway gene expression were significantly affected. ABA increased under drought conditions, particularly in the roots, while flooding had a different effect on ABA-related genes. This study highlights the importance of ABA in plant response to water stress.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Tony Reglinski, Joel L. L. Vanneste, Magan M. M. Schipper, Deirdre A. A. Cornish, Janet Yu, Jenny M. M. Oldham, Christina Fehlmann, Frank Parry, Duncan Hedderley
Summary: The effect of pre-flowering application of ASM on defence gene expression in kiwifruit plants is known, however, the effect of postharvest ASM on defence gene expression is unknown. In this study, the expression of eight defence marker genes was measured in kiwifruit vine leaves after postharvest treatment with ASM and/or copper.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tony Reglinski, Kirstin V. Wurms, Joel L. Vanneste, Annette Ah Chee, Magan Schipper, Deirdre Cornish, Janet Yu, Jordan McAlinden, Duncan Hedderley
Summary: This study compares the pathogen susceptibility and defence gene inducibility between Actinidia arguta cultivar 'Hortgem Tahi' and two cultivars of A. chinensis, 'Hayward' and 'Zesy002'. The results show that different cultivars exhibit different resistance to different pathogens, and the gene expression is affected by treatments with ASM and MeJA. The Ch-Glu inducer demonstrates its potential effectiveness as an alternative to actual pathogen inoculation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Tracey Bear, Nicole Roy, Julie Dalziel, Chrissie Butts, Jane Coad, Wayne Young, Shanthi G. Parkar, Duncan Hedderley, Hannah Dinnan, Sheridan Martell, Susanne Middlemiss-Kraak, Pramod Gopal
Summary: The relationship between microbiota profile and stress exposure is still unclear. A rat model of unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) was used to investigate this relationship. Female Sprague Dawley rats showed atypical behaviors following UCMS, but no depressive-like behaviors were observed. The relative abundance of taxa from the Clostridiales order and Desulfovibrionaceae family correlated with anxiety-like behaviors and plasma cytokine concentrations, suggesting the brain-to-gut influence of mild anxiety with a microbiota profile that may involve inflammatory pathways.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Esther H-J Kim, Arran J. Wilson, Lidia Motoi, Suman Mishra, John Monro, Shanthi G. Parkar, Douglas Rosendale, Halina M. Stoklosinski, Carel M. H. Jobsis, Yukiko Wadamori, Duncan Hedderley, Marco P. Morgenstern
Summary: Understanding the variability in consumer chewing behavior is crucial for designing food products to cater to specific consumer segments. This study investigated the effects of chewing behavior on gastrointestinal digestion and colonic fermentation using in vitro models and brown rice. The results showed that individual differences in chewing behavior significantly influenced digestibility of carbohydrates, microbial composition, and production of organic acid metabolites. These findings suggest that modifying chewing behavior may be an effective strategy for controlling blood glucose levels and shaping gut microbiota.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Deepa Agarwal, Alison Wallace, Esther H. -J. Kim, Yukiko Wadamori, Limei Feng, Duncan Hedderley, Marco P. Morgenstern
Summary: This study investigates the impact of 3D printing technology on the moisture content, microstructure, and sensory perception of gluten-free snacks. The results show that 3D-printed snacks have higher moisture loss and different sensory characteristics compared to conventionally-produced snacks.
