Article
Plant Sciences
B. Liu, R. Stevens-Green, D. Johal, R. Buchanan, J. Geddes-McAlister
Summary: Fungal infections of cereal crops present a significant threat to global food security by reducing grain production and contaminating products for consumption. Understanding the interactions between fungal pathogens and hosts through proteomics is crucial for disease control, with mass spectrometry offering an advanced platform for this research.
JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Plant Sciences
Yan Yan
Summary: This review assesses recent progress in the identification of new mobile sRNAs, discussing their functions in coordinating developmental, physiological, and defense-related processes in plants. The forms of mobile sRNAs and their trafficking mechanisms are also discussed. The authors highlight the importance of this field for future research.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christopher W. G. Mann, Anne Sawyer, Donald M. Gardiner, Neena Mitter, Bernard J. Carroll, Andrew L. Eamens
Summary: The conflict between the need to conserve natural ecosystems and to feed an expanding population is driving the demand for more ecologically sustainable pathogen control measures. RNA-based biopesticides offer an eco-friendly alternative to conventional fungicides for crop protection. The development of pathogen-specific RNAi-inducing sprays and the understanding of gene silencing pathways in plants and fungi are crucial for the success of this technology.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Plant Sciences
Carl H. Mesarich, Irene Barnes, Ellie L. Bradley, Silvia de la Rosa, Pierre J. G. M. de Wit, Yanan Guo, Scott A. Griffiths, Richard C. Hamelin, Matthieu H. A. J. Joosten, Mengmeng Lu, Hannah M. McCarthy, Christiaan R. Schol, Ioannis Stergiopoulos, Mariana Tarallo, Alex Z. Zaccaron, Rosie E. Bradshaw
Summary: F. fulva is a pathogen of tomato, while D. septosporum is a pathogen of pine trees. Significant advances have been made in unraveling their genome architectures and understanding the interaction and evolution between these pathogens and their host plants.
MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Erika Salas, Markus Gorfer, Dragana Bandian, Stephanie A. Eichorst, Hannes Schmidt, Julia Horak, Simon K. -M. R. Rittmann, Christa Schleper, Barbara Reischl, Thomas Pribasnig, Jan Jansa, Christina Kaiser, Wolfgang Wanek
Summary: This study analyzed the AS and NS compounds in the biomass of different taxa and found GlcN to be the most common AS and glucose to be the most common NS. A potential biomarker specific to Euryarchaeota was identified. Multivariate statistical methods were used to compare the variability of these compounds between taxonomic groups and evaluate their potential as necromass residue biomarkers. Conversion factors were proposed to estimate the fungal and bacterial carbon content, as well as the archaeal or all-microbial necromass residue carbon content.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Microbiology
Ferry Kharshandi, Highland Kayang
Summary: The study aimed to identify potent bacterial antagonists for biocontrol of rhizome rot disease in turmeric. 48 bacterial isolates were screened for their antagonistic activity against Fusarium solani and Pythium aphanidermatum. Two isolates, Pseudomonas sp. IJ2 and B. subtilis IJ10, showed the highest inhibitory activity and produced bioactive compounds with antifungal and antimicrobial properties. Treatment with these isolates significantly reduced disease severity and demonstrated high biocontrol efficacy. These isolates have great potential as biocontrol agents for rhizome rot disease in turmeric.
ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Izumi Yotsui, Hidenori Matsui, Shingo Miyauchi, Hidekazu Iwakawa, Katharina Melkonian, Titus Schlueter, Santiago Michavila, Takehiko Kanazawa, Yuko Nomura, Sara Christina Stolze, Hyung-Woo Jeon, Yijia Yan, Anne Harzen, Shigeo S. Sugano, Makoto Shirakawa, Ryuichi Nishihama, Yasunori Ichihashi, Selena Gimenez Ibanez, Ken Shirasu, Takashi Ueda, Takayuki Kohchi, Hirofumi Nakagami
Summary: This study reveals the mechanism of PTI in M. polymorpha and its importance in bryophytes. The researchers identified four lysin motif (LysM)-domain-containing receptor homologs in M. polymorpha, and found that two of them are responsible for sensing bacterial and fungal components and triggering immune responses. Phosphoproteomic analysis of M. polymorpha treated with chitin also identified potential regulatory proteins. This study provides insights into the basic framework of PTI in M. polymorpha and highlights conserved elements and new aspects of pattern-triggered immunity in land plants.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wentong Jiang, Sanduo Zheng
Summary: This study reports the cryoelectron microscopy structures of the GALR1-G(o) and GALR2-G(q) complexes bound to the endogenous ligand galanin or spexin, revealing the structural determinants of GALRs and highlighting the potential role of zinc ion as a modulator of GALR1.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Maximilian Lehenberger, Markus Benkert, Peter H. W. Biedermann
Summary: Bark beetles (sensu lato) and ambrosia beetles depend on fungal mutualists for colonization and reproduction, with the latter requiring mutualistic fungi for nutrition. Recent studies show that fungal mutualists of ambrosia beetles play a defensive role by producing, detoxifying, and metabolizing ethanol, benefiting their hosts in stressed trees.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kyle W. Bender, Cyril Zipfel
Summary: Plant receptor kinases (RKs) regulate various aspects throughout the plant life cycle by perceiving diverse ligands and activating downstream signaling. They are encoded by expanded gene families and are typically activated by co-receptor recruitment. Post-translational modifications play crucial roles in the activation and attenuation of RK-mediated signaling and RKs activate a common set of downstream signaling processes through receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs).
BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Danbi Won, Seulgi Kang, Ke Li, Boyeon Bae, Yua Kang, Jingyan Chen, Yu Seok Youn, Jeongmi Lee
Summary: In this study, a novel method was used to fabricate chitin-glucan nanofibers from white button mushrooms. The raw mushrooms were pretreated with hot water and alkali to remove water-soluble glucans and alkali-soluble proteins. Nanofibrillation was achieved through esterification using acidic deep eutectic solvents and subsequent ultrasonication. The resulting nanofibers exhibited desirable properties for nanomaterial applications.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2024)
Review
Microbiology
Yufan Zheng, Eric V. Dang
Summary: The global prevalence of asthma and allergic disorders has been increasing, affecting up to 20% of the population. Fungi are major drivers of allergic diseases and understanding their role in triggering type 2 immune responses is crucial in combating this health issue.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xinlin Hu, Ping Yang, Changdong Chai, Jia Liu, Huanhuan Sun, Yanan Wu, Mingjie Zhang, Min Zhang, Xiaotian Liu, Hongjun Yu
Summary: This study reveals the structures and mechanisms of yeast FKS1 and the echinocandin-resistant mutant FKS1(S643P) using cryo-electron microscopy, advancing the understanding of fungal β-1,3-glucan biosynthesis and providing insights into drug-resistant mutations of FKS1. It establishes a foundation for the development of new antifungal drugs by targeting FKS.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Lixue Liu, Luyao Ma, Jinsong Feng, Xiaonan Lu
Summary: This study used amplicon sequencing to explore the microbiome composition in bell pepper plants and the fluctuation of fungal pathogens across the growing seasons. It was found that the fungal pathogens infecting fruits and leaves of bell pepper plants belonged to various genera. The dominant fungal pathogens changed with the development of the plants. The fungal pathogens decreased species richness and diversity in infected tissues but not in uninfected stem tissues. The study also revealed the competitive interaction between fungal and bacterial communities and the origin of the fungal pathogens.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Microbiology
Nisrine Bakhat, Alejandra Vielba-Fernandez, Isabel Padilla-Roji, Jesus Martinez-Cruz, Alvaro Polonio, Dolores Fernandez-Ortuno, Alejandro Perez-Garcia
Summary: Fungal pathogens pose a growing threat to crop production worldwide, and chitin-induced immunity plays a crucial role in plant defense against these pathogens. However, fungi have developed various strategies to evade chitin-triggered immunity, including the secretion of effector proteins that modify or degrade chitin oligomers. This review provides an overview of chitin-triggered immune signaling and the mechanisms employed by fungi to suppress it, using powdery mildew fungi as an example.
