Article
Plant Sciences
Yaqi Jia, Yani Niu, Huimin Zhao, Zhibo Wang, Caiqiu Gao, Chao Wang, Su Chen, Yucheng Wang
Summary: This study investigated the regulatory mechanism of birch in response to drought stress using a gene regulatory network (GRN) approach. By constructing a three-layer GRN consisting of 68 transcription factors and 252 structural genes, the researchers identified important biological processes involved in drought adaptation and identified key regulators. Functional characterization of two transcription factors, BpMADS11 and BpNAC090, demonstrated their significant contribution to birch's drought tolerance.
HORTICULTURE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yuqi Zhang, Elias Kaiser, Tao Li, Leo F. M. Marcelis
Summary: The stress of NaCl affects stomatal behavior and photosynthesis in tomato plants, with osmotic effects decreasing stomatal conductance and increasing stomatal responses to light intensity shifts, while ionic effects reduce photosynthetic capacity, CO2 carboxylation rate, and stomatal conductance. With increasing leaf age, the rates of light-triggered stomatal movement and photosynthetic induction decreased.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2022)
Review
Plant Sciences
U. K. Ghosh, M. N. Islam, M. N. Siddiqui, X. Cao, M. A. R. Khan
Summary: Proline plays a crucial role in plant response to abiotic stresses, acting as a molecular chaperone, antioxidative defence molecule, osmoprotectant, and signaling molecule. Overproduction of proline in plants helps maintain cellular homeostasis and improve adaptive responses to changing climate conditions.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Ying Zhang, Bingyong Mao, Xin Tang, Xiaoming Liu, Jianxin Zhao, Hao Zhang, Shumao Cui, Wei Chen
Summary: This study applied an adaptive evolution technique to investigate the tolerance of Bifidobacterium bifidum to high osmotic stress. Through long-term cultivation, critical gene mutations related to glutamate synthesis and transport were identified. Metabolome analysis revealed that the cells respond to osmotic stress by increasing the expression of specific enzymes and forming an osmotic protection system with proline as the main compatible solute.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jana Stallmann, Caroline A. A. Pons, Rabea Schweiger, Caroline Mueller
Summary: This study investigated the effects of drought on spring wheat and aphids, finding that drought altered the concentration of metabolites in different plant parts and led to a decrease in aphid populations. These findings suggest that changes in irrigation frequency and intensity can modulate plant-aphid interactions.
Article
Plant Sciences
Zebus Sehar, Harsha Gautam, Asim Masood, Nafees A. Khan
Summary: Ethylene regulates the photosynthetic efficiency of plants under challenging environments by regulating the antioxidant system and osmolytes. The study reveals that exogenously sourced ethylene and proline supplementation enhance the antioxidant defense system, reduce oxidative stress, and improve photosynthetic performance and heat stress tolerance in wheat.
JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION
(2023)
Article
Biology
Krishan K. Verma, Xiu-Peng Song, Chhedi Lal Verma, Zhong-Liang Chen, Vishnu D. Rajput, Kai-Chao Wu, Fen Liao, Gan-Lin Chen, Yang-Rui Li
Summary: Silicon application mitigates the adverse effects of water stress on sugarcane by improving the net photosynthetic assimilation rate, stomatal conductance to water vapor, and rate of transpiration. Mathematical models explain the functional relationships between photosynthetic responses to Si application and water stress mitigation. Silicon application shows high ameliorative effects on photosynthetic responses and has potential for mitigating environmental stresses in other crops.
BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shima Karami, Behrouz Shiran, Rudabeh Ravash, Hossein Fallahi
Summary: The main factor leading to a decrease in crop productivity is abiotic stresses, particularly drought. Plants with C4 and CAM photosynthesis are better adapted to drought-prone areas than C3 plants. This study conducted an RNA-seq meta-analysis to investigate and compare how C3 and C4 plants respond to drought stress at the gene expression level in their leaves, and the accuracy of the meta-analysis results was confirmed with RT-qPCR. Hub genes related to ribosomal proteins and photosynthesis were found to play a potential role in stress response, and pathways involving amino acid degradation and OPPP were identified to improve drought stress tolerance.
Article
Agronomy
Cesar A. Hernandez-Perez, Fernando Carlos Gomez-Merino, Jose L. Spinoso-Castillo, Jerico J. Bello-Bello
Summary: The study focused on screening drought-tolerant sugarcane cultivars using PEG as a stressing agent. Results showed varying responses in different cultivars, with Mex 69-290 exhibiting tolerance to osmotic stress. Overall, total protein content decreased while dry matter, proline, and glycine-betaine contents increased with higher PEG concentrations. This suggests Mex 69-290 could be a suitable choice for rainfed cultivation with low water availability.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Taia A. Abd El Mageed, Wael Semida, Khoulood A. Hemida, Mohammed A. H. Gyushi, Mostafa M. Rady, Abdelsattar Abdelkhalik, Othmane Merah, Marian Brestic, Heba I. Mohamed, Ayman El Sabagh, Magdi T. Abdelhamid
Summary: Globally, salinity and drought are serious threats to vegetable production. This study examines the potential of exogenously applied glutathione (GSH) in relieving water deficits in Phaseolus vulgaris plants grown in saline soil conditions. The results show that foliar spraying of GSH significantly reduces the negative effects of drought on bean plants, improving growth, membrane stability, water status, osmolytes, and antioxidant capacity. In addition, the combination of GSH application with reduced irrigation rates enhances irrigation use efficiency. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of exogenous GSH in alleviating water deficit in bean plants cultivated in salty soil.
Article
Plant Sciences
Abdul Ghaffar, Nadeem Hussain, Rahaf Ajaj, Suzan Marwan Shahin, Hussan Bano, Muhammad Javed, Ayesha Khalid, Memoona Yasmin, Kausar Hussain Shah, Muhammad Zaheer, Muhammad Iqbal, Zafar Ullah Zafar, Habib-ur-Rehman Athar
Summary: The rapid increase in population growth under changing climatic conditions causes drought stress, threatening world food security. The identification of physiological and biochemical traits acting as yield-limiting factors in diverse germplasm is pre-requisite for genetic improvement under water-deficit conditions. The major aim of the present study was the identification of drought-tolerant wheat cultivars with a novel source of drought tolerance from local wheat germplasm.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Naima Mahreen, Sumera Yasmin, M. Asif, Sumaira Yousaf, Mahreen Yahya, Khansa Ejaz, Hafiz Shahid Hussain, Zahid Iqbal Sajjid, Muhammad Arif
Summary: This study effectively selected drought-tolerant rice genotypes by combining morpho-physiological and biochemical approaches with infrared thermal imaging technology. The selected genotypes showed better adaptation and yield under water stress, providing potential solutions for sustaining crop production under water scarcity.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Seyed Morteza Zahedi, Marjan Sadat Hosseini, Naghmeh Daneshvar Hakimi Meybodi, Javier Abadia, Mateja Germ, Rahmatollah Gholami, Mostafa Abdelrahman
Summary: Drought stress has adverse effects on pomegranate fruit productivity, characteristics, and composition. Different cultivars have different responses to drought stress. Under intense drought, there were significant decreases in fruit yield, number of fruits per tree, fruit weight, and leaf photosynthetic pigments. However, the levels of certain metabolites and activities of antioxidant enzymes increased. Intense drought also caused a decrease in the quality of fruit juice.
AGRICULTURAL WATER MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Radoslaw Mazur, Justyna Maszkowska, Anna Anielska-Mazur, Maciej Garstka, Lidia Polkowska-Kowalczyk, Anna Czajkowska, Agnieszka Zmienko, Grazyna Dobrowolska, Anna Kulik
Summary: The study demonstrates that SnRK2.10 is rapidly activated in response to salt stress and contributes to salt stress tolerance by maintaining efficient photosynthesis and preventing oxidative damage.
Article
Agronomy
P. Chanaphai, N. Jongrungklang, D. Puangbut, P. Songsri
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological responses and root characteristics of four sugarcane genotypes under drought stress and recovery conditions. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using rhizoboxes, and data on physiological parameters, root characteristics, and biomass yield were recorded. The results showed that early drought led to a reduction in various physiological parameters and biomass, but increased water use efficiency. After rewatering, the sugarcane genotypes exhibited different levels of recovery in terms of physiological parameters and biomass. Genotypes Biotec 1 and UT 6 showed the highest levels of recovery in most parameters, suggesting their potential as drought-tolerant genotypes. The study also suggested that photosynthetic and root traits could be used as selection criteria for enhancing sugarcane drought resistance.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Qurat Ul Ain Rahat, Mansoor Hameed, Sana Fatima, Muhammad Sajid Aqeel Ahmad, Muhammad Ashraf, Farooq Ahmad, Sangam Khalil, Mehwish Munir, Syed Mohsan Raza Shah, Iftikhar Ahmad, Adnan Younis
Summary: The morpho-anatomical characteristics of differently adapted populations of Diplachne fusca have never been studied before. This study investigated for the first time the structural variations in their adaptation mechanism for salinity tolerance. The micro and macro-morphological features contribute to the plants' tolerance to environmental pollutants. The study explored the structural modifications in Diplachne fusca populations from saline habitats and their contribution to phytoremediation potential when treated with different levels of NaCl.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Faisal Zulfiqar, Muhammad Ashraf
Summary: Oxidative stress is common in plants growing under extreme environments, and proline plays a key role in helping plants alleviate this stress. Researchers are currently working on enhancing plant tolerance to oxidative stress by applying exogenous proline or transforming genes involved in proline metabolism.
JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Piyanan Pipatsitee, Rujira Tisarum, Kanyarat Taota, Thapanee Samphumphuang, Apisit Eiumnoh, Harminder Pal Singh, Suriyan Cha-um
Summary: This study evaluated the measurements of individual plants and canopy-level using UAV imagery in different genotypes of maize under well-watered and water deficit conditions. The results showed that in water deficit conditions, the vegetation indices decreased, CWSI increased, and leaf temperature increased, resulting in yield loss for drought-sensitive genotypes.
ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Fahad Shafiq, Sumera Anwar, Firdaus-e-Bareen, Lixin Zhang, Muhammad Ashraf
Summary: Biochar, a carbon black material used since ancient times in Latin America, has been synthesized into nano-sized biochar (nano-BC) in modern civilization. The review provides insights into the properties and synthesis of nano-BC, as well as its potential to improve soil fertility and crop production. Mechanistic insights are provided on how nano-BC can enhance soil health and promote plant growth, while potential negative effects are also discussed.
LAND DEGRADATION & DEVELOPMENT
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Cengiz Kaya, Ferhat Ugurlar, Muhammed Ashraf, Parvaiz Ahmad
Summary: Salicylic acid (SA) is a potential plant growth regulator (PGR) that regulates plant growth and development by triggering physiological and metabolic processes. It plays a crucial role in plant defense mechanisms against environmental stimuli. However, it is not fully understood how different concentrations of SA affect plant growth under stressful conditions and its interactions with other PGRs and signaling molecules within the plant body. This review discusses the crosstalk between SA and other key PGRs and signaling components in plants exposed to environmental cues, as well as the role of exogenously applied SA in regulating growth and enhancing the oxidative defense system under abiotic stresses.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Nudrat Aisha Akram, Rohina Bashir, Gulshan Ashraf, Shehnaz Bashir, Muhammad Ashraf, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni, Andrzej Bajguz, Parvaiz Ahmad
Summary: The present study aimed to improve drought stress tolerance in eggplant by applying alpha-tocopherol (TOC) externally. Two methods, foliar spray (FS) and pre-sowing seed treatment (PS), were used for this purpose. Water deficiency treatment was applied to 32-day-old seedlings of two eggplant cultivars, Janak and Black Beauty. Different concentrations of TOC were applied as PS and FS. The results showed that drought stress significantly reduced plant growth and chlorophyll contents, but increased proline, glycine betaine, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide, relative membrane permeability, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase activities in both cultivars. The application of TOC had a positive effect on overcoming the adverse effects of water stress on eggplants, improving plant growth and various physiological parameters. Overall, FS treatment was more effective in improving proline, glycine betaine, ascorbic acid, and enzyme activities, while PS treatment was more effective in reducing membrane permeability and improving total soluble proteins. The study concluded that TOC application was useful in mitigating the harmful effects of drought stress on eggplants of both cultivars.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sana Fatima, Mansoor Hameed, Farooq Ahmad, Muhammad Sajid Aqeel Ahmad, Majid Anwar, Mahwish Munir, Muhammad Ashraf, Syed Mohsan Raza Shah, Sana Basharat, Iftikhar Ahmad, Sangam Khalil
Summary: Chrysopogon serrulatus, a dominant plant species in the foothills of the Himalayas, exhibits noticeable morphological adaptations in response to environmental variations along elevation gradient. These adaptations include increased xeromorphy in roots and stems, and succulence in leaves. These morphological shifts enable the successful distribution of C. serrulatus along different elevations.
JOURNAL OF MOUNTAIN SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Piyanan Pipatsitee, Patchara Praseartkul, Cattarin Theerawitaya, Kanyaratt Taota, Rujira Tisarum, Daonapa Chungloo, Haminder Pal Singh, Suriyan Cha-um
Summary: Geographic zone and seasonal variations are major factors affecting the quality and quantity of cultivated medicinal plants, with suitable harvesting time being crucial in Indian pennywort cultivation. Low temperatures during winter can significantly impact the growth and metabolic enrichment of Indian pennywort. This study aimed to determine the optimum temperature for cultivation to achieve superior growth characteristics, physiological adaptations, and secondary metabolite enrichment. Experiments revealed that an ambient air temperature of 25 degrees C resulted in maximum leaf area and overall biomass, while lower temperatures (15 degrees C) inhibited various growth parameters and photosynthetic rates. Furthermore, exposure to 15 degrees C led to changes in pigment parameters, glucose and soluble sugar levels, as well as an increase in certain secondary metabolite concentrations. However, other secondary metabolites showed a significant decrease. Overall, an air temperature of 25 degrees C was found to be optimal for Indian pennywort cultivation to maximize biomass and secondary metabolite production.
JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Cattarin Theerawitaya, Rujira Tisarum, Thapanee Samphumphuang, Daonapa Chungloo, Harminder Pal Singh, Suriyan Cha-um
Summary: Increasing salinity in agricultural land hampers crop yields, especially for salt-sensitive plants such as rice. A study finds that using an antitranspirant (AT) can enhance salt tolerance in rice by obstructing sodium (Na) transpiration flow. This research evaluates the effects of an AT on Na enrichment and yield in salt-stressed rice plants.
THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Plant Sciences
Cengiz Kaya, M. Ashraf
Summary: This article reviews recent developments in the field of foliar fertilization for increased salt tolerance, discussing the processes, problems, and commercial fertilizers associated with this technique. It highlights the need for further research to enhance nutrient absorption efficiency and administration strategies.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN PLANT SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Horticulture
Cengiz Kaya, Ferhat Ugurlar, Muhammad Ashraf, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni, Parvaiz Ahmad
Summary: The combined application of melatonin (MT) and salicylic acid (SA) can enhance drought stress tolerance in tomato plants by improving plant biomass, chlorophyll content, water use efficiency, and antioxidant defense. It also regulates oxidative-nitrosative processes and methylglyoxal metabolism to counteract the negative effects of drought stress.
SCIENTIA HORTICULTURAE
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Daonapa Chungloo, Rujira Tisarum, Thanyaporn Sotesaritkul, Pachara Praseartkul, Sushil Kumar Himanshu, Avishek Datta, Suriyan Cha-um
Summary: The objective of this study was to assess the impacts of exogenously-applied foliar MeJA on morphological, physiological, and biochemical traits as well as total andrographolide contents of A. paniculata under water-deficit stress. The results showed that foliar application of 250μM MeJA improved the negative effects of water-deficit stress by enhancing leaf osmotic potential, chlorophyll degradation, photon yield of photosystem II, net photosynthetic rate, and transpiration rate. Especially under water-deficit conditions, 125μM MeJA treatment increased the total andrographolide content and economic benefits.
JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Rujira Tisarum, Rika Rika, Piyanan Pipatsitee, Thanyaporn Sotesaritkul, Thapanee Samphumphuang, Kwankhao Cha-um, Suriyan Cha-um
Summary: This study assessed the uptake and translocation of iron in the Catharanthus roseus plant, as well as its effects on plant physiological and morphological characteristics. The findings showed that high levels of iron inhibited root growth, caused stomatal closure, and led to toxic symptoms in the leaves.
PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Nargis Naz, Sana Fatima, Mansoor Hameed, Muhammad Sajid Aqeel Ahmad, Syed Mohsan Raza Shah, Farooq Ahmad, Majid Anwar, Sana Basharat, Ansa Asghar, Muhammad Ashraf
Summary: Using halophytes like Fagonia indica for phytoremediation is an important environmentally friendly technique. F. indica populations from highly saline habitats exhibited structural and functional adaptations for salinity tolerance and phytoremediation. These populations showed deeper roots, taller plants, higher density of salt glands on leaf surface, and higher excretion of Na+, which are key attributes for phytoremediation. The Pati Sir population of F. indica, with the highest salinity, showed the most efficient accumulation and excretion of Na+ and Cl- ions. Anatomical modifications in this population indicated better salt tolerance and potential for green reclamation of hypersaline uncultivated lands.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Nargis Naz, Ansa Asghar, Sana Basharat, Sana Fatima, Mansoor Hameed, Muhammad Sajid Aqeel Ahmad, Farooq Ahmad, Syed Mohsan Raza Shah, Muhammad Ashraf
Summary: Salt excretory halophytes, such as Cressa cretica, play a crucial role in phytoremediation of salt-affected soils. This study focused on identifying key physio-anatomical traits related to phytoremediation in different populations of C. cretica. The results showed that the ecotype collected from hypersaline environments exhibited better adaptation in terms of growth traits, ion uptake and excretion, succulence, and phytoremediation traits.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION
(2023)
