Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
F. J. Millward, H. N. Webster, C. G. Johnson
Summary: The ash and gas released by large explosive volcanic eruptions rise to a neutral buoyancy level in the atmosphere and then spread laterally to form an umbrella cloud. This cloud is influenced by the meteorological wind, resulting in non-axisymmetric spreading. A new parametrization model is developed based on a physically based shallow-layer intrusion model, which improves the prediction of horizontal ash distribution compared to conventional circular parametrization models.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Mathematics
Leonid I. Piterbarg
Summary: The study focuses on stochastic flows mimicking 2D turbulence in compressible media, analyzing collision frequency and conditions for caustic occurrence. By deriving a system of nonlinear stochastic differential equations involving the Jacobian and simplifying it, upper and lower bounds for the mean number of caustics are found, with verification of exact asymptotic for small Stokes numbers. Rigorous proofs of well-known expressions for caustic frequency and Lyapunov exponent in the one-dimensional model are also provided.
Review
Plant Sciences
Roger A. C. Jones
Summary: The global virus disease pandemics and epidemics are increasingly threatening staple food crops and their quality, exacerbated by the challenges in managing these diseases due to global warming. The historical and recent information provided in the review highlights the wide distribution and impact of these diseases on food security, calling for effective management strategies.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Tommaso Valdesolo, Silvia Del Vecchio, Gabriella Buffa
Summary: Seed dispersal plays a crucial role in species distribution and assembly. This study examined the link between seed dispersal patterns and coexisting species in a plant community. The findings suggest that seasonal differentiation in seed dispersal may have a greater impact on species assembly than dispersal vectors.
Article
Ecology
Dillon T. Fogarty, Robert B. Peterson, Dirac Twidwell
Summary: This study develops a recruitment curve to describe the scatter of woody plant recruitment around seed sources and examines how this structures spatial patterns of encroachment.
Article
Environmental Sciences
B. Carissimo, S. Trini Castelli, G. Tinarelli
Summary: A special sonic anemometer study was conducted to investigate building wakes and pollutant dispersion, with results showing good agreement between wind speed models and measurements but indicating a need for improvement in turbulence modeling.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Seyed Omid Nabavi, Theodoros Christoudias, Yiannis Proestos, Christos Fountoukis, Huda Al-Sulaiti, Jos Lelieveld
Summary: This study investigates the spatiotemporal distribution of radionuclides transported to Qatar from the Barakah nuclear power plant in the UAE. FLEXPART and FLEXPART-WRF models are used, and the simulations show differences in the distribution of I-131 and Cs-137 based on different datasets. The results indicate that the majority of radionuclide deposition occurs within 80 hours after release.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Jodie Schlaefer, Alexandra Carter, Severine Choukroun, Robert Coles, Kay Critchell, Jonathan Lambrechts, Michael Rasheed, Samantha Tol, Alana Grech
Summary: This study presents a framework to measure the optimal number of particles required to capture variability in dispersal and connectivity of marine plants (seagrasses). It found that the optimal release particle numbers varied with seagrass habitat type, season, and physical parameters. The study also provides guidance on important factors to consider when determining the optimal number of particles required to predict dispersal and connectivity in biophysical models of marine plants.
ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jaewoon Jeong, Hamish McCallum
Summary: The frequent outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases from wild animals have emphasized the importance of managing wildlife populations to prevent zoonotic spillover. In east Australia, outbreaks of Hendra virus (HeV) infection in horses and humans have led to proposed management strategies such as bat culling and colony dispersal. However, modeling results suggest that these strategies may not be effective in controlling HeV epidemics in flying foxes, as reducing colony numbers could actually increase the probability of epidemic occurrence within the bat population.
VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tyler S. Brown, Ashley Robinson, Caroline O. Buckee, Barun Mathema
Summary: This article summarizes the current knowledge on human mobility and tuberculosis epidemic dynamics, and discusses related scientific and methodological issues. It also introduces new data sources for measuring human mobility and discusses their limitations in TB epidemiology.
TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Efem Bilgic, Orhan Gunduz
Summary: This study conducted a comprehensive environmental and radiological analysis of the impacts of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident on the highly populated southeast region of Chernobyl, including countries such as Turkey, Armenia, Georgia, and Iran. The study estimated atmospheric dispersion and ground deposition of radionuclides using a particle dispersion model and validated the results with measurements. The findings showed highest deposition of Cs-137 in the Eastern Black Sea areas and higher deposition along the Turkish border. Infants were found to be more affected by ionizing radiation compared to adults in this region.
ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Mathematics
Benito Chen-Charpentier
Summary: Plants are essential for ecosystems and human beings, but they are vulnerable to virus diseases. Using predators to control vectors is a more environmentally friendly approach.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Abraham Mansouri, Alreem Essa Binali, Najeeb Khan, Mehrooz Zamanzadeh, Peyman Taheri
Summary: This study introduces a pseudo transient electrochemical model to highlight the transient behavior of cathodic protection systems and investigate key differences with steady-state behavior. The methodology can help corrosion engineers improve and optimize the design of CP systems, and numerically estimate the performance of sacrificial anodes and the level of protection over time.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Massimo Martina, Silvia Trini Castelli
Summary: The study examines the dispersion of microplastics in the atmosphere, indicating that long-range transport plays a major role in their motion and pollution in remote areas. The Lagrangian particle dispersion model MILORD was used in the backward mode to identify possible sources of microplastic pollution in a remote site. The results reveal that microplastics can travel up to 100 km and the contribution from local sources is minimal.
ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
D. Burini, N. Chouhad
Summary: This paper deals with the micro-macro-derivation of virus models coupled with a reaction-diffusion system and summarizes the phenomenological models known in the literature. It also shows how to derive macroscopic models from the underlying description delivered by the kinetic theory of active particles and discusses various virus models coupled with the reaction-diffusion systems. A forward look to research perspectives is proposed.
MATHEMATICAL MODELS & METHODS IN APPLIED SCIENCES
(2022)