Article
Agronomy
Marketa Kulisova, Maria Vrublevskaya, Petra Lovecka, Blanka Vrchotova, Milena Stranska, Miroslav Kolarik, Irena Kolouchova
Summary: Endophytes are beneficial microorganisms living inside plant tissues, producing various metabolites that can be used in medicinal, agricultural, and industrial applications. This study focused on endophytic fungi from Vitis vinifera, showing their potential as a source of metabolites with a wide range of applications.
Article
Agronomy
Camilla Castellar, Camila Iavorski Zela, Walmes Marques Zeviani, Louise Larissa De Mio
Summary: This study evaluated the effect of fungicide programs with different application start dates on grapevine leaf spot (GVLS) epidemics. The results showed that a fungicide program with applications carried out from flowering to 18 weeks after budburst at fortnightly intervals, rotating the active ingredients copper oxychloride, pyraclostrobin + methiram, and difenoconazole, had the best control effect in the field experiment. In the greenhouse, the fungicides mancozeb, chlorothalonil, difenoconazole, and the methiram + pyraclostrobin mixture showed control efficacy above 80% in relation to the untreated control.
Article
Plant Sciences
Andras Csoto, Antal Nagy, Nora Laurinyecz, Zora Annamaria Nagy, Csaba Nemeth, Erzsebet Krisztina Nemeth, Anna Csikasz-Krizsics, Nandor Rakonczas, Florence Fontaine, Erzsebet Fekete, Michel Flipphi, Levente Karaffa, Erzsebet Sandor
Summary: Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) pose an increasing threat to grape production worldwide. Different grape cultivars show varying degrees of susceptibility to GTDs. A study on Hungarian grape germplasm collections found that Vitis vinifera L. cultivars were more sensitive to GTDs compared to interspecific hybrids containing other Vitis species in their pedigree. The ancestral diversity of grapes confers greater resilience against GTDs.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Remigiusz Oledzki, Krzysztof Lutoslawski, Paulina Nowicka, Aneta Wojdylo, Joanna Harasym
Summary: Non-commercial hybrid grape cultivars, especially the skins, have high antioxidant activity and polyphenolic compounds, making them valuable for human health.
Article
Horticulture
Wenxin Li, Chang He, Hongli Wei, Jiakang Qian, Jiannan Xie, Zhiqian Li, Xianbo Zheng, Bin Tan, Jidong Li, Jun Cheng, Wei Wang, Xia Ye, Jiancan Feng
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the grapevine pectin lyase gene family and reveals the important role of VvPL11 in fruit softening.
Article
Agronomy
Arleen Rodriguez-Declet, Antonio Castro-Marin, Luca Moretti Conti, Alessandra Lombini, Fabio Chinnici, Adamo Domenico Rombola
Summary: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are important for communication among plants and other organisms. This study identified 25 VOCs emitted by the grapevine cv. Isabella and revealed differences in volatile profiles between diurnal and nocturnal treatments. The presence of previously unreported compounds and their role in plant defense highlight the importance of this research in understanding pathogen tolerance mechanisms and exploring innovative cropping systems.
Article
Agronomy
Felipe Schwerz, Fabricio Jose Weber, Fernando Marcos Signor, Luciano Schwerz, Victor Buono da Silva Baptista, Diego Bedin Marin, Giuseppe Rossi, Leonardo Conti, Gianluca Bambi
Summary: In recent years, viticulture has been growing in Brazil due to the introduction of new techniques, particularly the use of plastic covering in vineyards. This study evaluated the economic viability of plastic covering installation and the quality of grapes produced by two cultivars compared to a conventional cultivation system. The results showed that the plastic-covered system had higher net present value, indicating greater profitability and investment viability. Additionally, grape quality varied depending on the cultivar and production system. The study recommended using the Niagara Rosada cultivar for production in a plastic covering system.
Article
Agronomy
Estevao Perin Gomes, Cristine Vanz Borges, Gean Charles Monteiro, Matheus Antonio Filiol Belin, Igor Otavio Minatel, Adilson Pimentel Junior, Marco Antonio Tecchio, Giuseppina Pace Pereira Lima
Summary: The study showed that applying 1 and 2 mmol L-1 of salicylic acid during grape growth and veraison stages can reduce berry drop and decay. Salicylic acid treatments increased phenolic compounds, enhancing antioxidant properties.
POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Olga A. Aleynova, Nikolay N. Nityagovsky, Alexandra S. Dubrovina, Konstantin Kiselev
Summary: This study analyzed the composition of bacterial endophytes in wild Amur grape in the south of the Russian Far East using two different methods. The results showed that the dominant endophytes in V. amurensis were Gammaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacilli. NGS revealed a greater diversity of classes and genera compared to the cultivation-dependent method. The study also found that the composition of endophytic bacteria varied depending on the plant organ, grape individuals, environmental conditions, and sampling time.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Ellen Porto Pinto, Ellen Cristina Perin, Igor Bulsing Schott, Elisangela Dusman, Rosane da Silva Rodrigues, Luciano Lucchetta, Vitor Manfroi, Cesar Valmor Rombaldi
Summary: Grape juice is a significant source of compounds with antioxidant potential, and postharvest UV-C treatment can increase the levels of phenolic compounds in juice from grapes grown in organic systems, while having minimal impact on juice from grapes grown in conventional systems.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Julia B. Rasera, Beatriz Appezzato-da-Gloria, Rafael V. Ribeiro, Antonio F. Nogueira-Junior, Lilian Amorim
Summary: Asian grapevine leaf rust (AGLR), caused by Neophysopella tropicalis, is a problem for viticulture, especially in latitudes lower than 25 degrees S, which include the most significant production regions in Brazil. Climate change has a significant impact on AGLR, as increased air temperature can lead to higher rust severity and accelerated leaf senescence in grapevines.
Article
Plant Sciences
Olga A. Aleynova, Nikolay N. Nityagovsky, Alexey A. Ananev, Andrey R. Suprun, Zlata V. Ogneva, Alina A. Dneprovskaya, Alina A. Beresh, Alexey P. Tyunin, Alexandra S. Dubrovina, Konstantin V. Kiselev
Summary: An analysis of bacterial and fungal endophytic communities of wild grapevines in the Russian Far East revealed that the bacterial biodiversity of these grapevines was similar to that of cultivated grapevines, while the fungal biodiversity was different. The endophytic community of bacteria and fungi from wild grapevines was found to be richer than that from cultivated grapevines, suggesting the potential value of these microorganisms in viticulture.
Article
Plant Sciences
Bo Li, Andrea R. Gschwend
Summary: Wild grapevines are important genetic resources in breeding programs, but little is known about their genetics and evolutionary origins. By analyzing the genomes of cultivated and wild grapevines, we found that heterozygosity and segmental duplications played significant roles in genome diversification. Transposable element polymorphisms also contributed to unique traits in grapevines.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Horticulture
Besim Karabulut, Huseyin Celik
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the grafting success and carbohydrate distributions of newly registered foxy grape varieties grafted on different American grapes in the humid conditions of the Black Sea Region of Turkey. The results showed that the SO4 American rootstock had a higher graft success rate and certain combinations exhibited balanced carbohydrate distribution.
Article
Plant Sciences
Sijin Chen, Hongyan Su, Hua Xing, Juan Mao, Ping Sun, Mengfei Li
Summary: This study investigated the differential expression of proteins in the roots of cold-resistant and cold-sensitive grapevine varieties under different low temperatures using proteomic analysis. The results showed that the root activity of the cold-resistant variety was higher and decreased with decreasing temperature. A total of 25 differentially co-expressed proteins were involved in stress response, bio-signaling, metabolism, energy, and translation.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Kyriakos Manoli, Lucas M. Morrison, Mark W. Sumarah, George Nakhla, Ajay K. Ray, Virender K. Sharma
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Megan J. Kelman, Justin B. Renaud, Keith A. Seifert, Jonathan Mack, Ken K-C Yeung, Mark W. Sumarah
Article
Food Science & Technology
Stephanie L. Collins, Jacob P. Walsh, Justin B. Renaud, Amy McMillan, Stephen Rulisa, J. David Miller, Gregor Reid, Mark W. Sumarah
Summary: The study in Rwanda found high levels of mycotoxin exposure in women of childbearing age, particularly concerning levels of aflatoxin, zearalenone, and deoxynivalenol. This highlights the urgent need for authorities to manage multiple mycotoxins in the diet to ensure food safety for the population.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Justin B. Renaud, Shawn Hoogstra, Michael A. Quilliam, Mark W. Sumarah
Summary: The incorporation of an electrospray compatible retention index (RI) system based on N-alkylpyridinium-3-sulfonates (NAPS) into routine mycotoxin determination improves compound identifications and reduces false positives.
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Justin B. Renaud, Natasha DesRochers, Shawn Hoogstra, Christopher P. Garnham, Mark W. Sumarah
Summary: Fumonisins are mycotoxins produced by fungi which inhibit Ceramide Synthase, leading to toxicity. Novel deaminated fumonisins have some impact on the toxicity of polyketides, with the amine group being a key contributor to fumonisin toxicity despite the significant reduction in toxicity due to removal of the tricarballylic side chains.
CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Scarlett Puebla-Barragan, Emiley Watson, Charlotte van der Veer, John A. Chmiel, Charles Carr, Jeremy P. Burton, Mark Sumarah, Remco Kort, Gregor Reid
Summary: The study found that different strains of Lactobacillus crispatus in the vagina can produce or degrade different biogenic amines, leading to varying effects on vaginal pH and pathogens. Additionally, strains isolated from women with dysbiotic vaginal microbiota showed stronger antimicrobial effects against certain pathogens.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Justin B. Renaud, Jacob P. Walsh, Mark W. Sumarah
Summary: This study reports a simplified synthetic route for the production of unlabelled and labelled aflatoxin B-1-lysine, as well as aflatoxin G(1)-lysine for the first time. The stability of these compounds during storage is also reported.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Mark W. Sumarah
Summary: This translated passage discusses the challenges that the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) presents to farmers, producers, and consumers. These challenges include understanding the different toxin profiles of Fusarium graminearum, the need for rapid analytical tests, DON exposure assessments in human populations, and managing contaminated food throughout the supply chain.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Patrick G. Telmer, Megan J. Kelman, Justin B. Renaud, Mark W. Sumarah, Christopher P. Garnham
Summary: This study reported an amine oxidase (AnFAO) from a fumonisin-producing Aspergillus niger strain, which can reduce the concentrations of intact fumonisins in maize and maize products. The researchers found that AnFAO effectively deaminated fumonisins in milled maize flour, whole kernel maize, and dried distillers' grains with solubles (DDGS). They also engineered the yeast Pichia pastoris to produce functional AnFAO in both secreted and intracellular forms. These results support the further development and application of AnFAO as a promising tool to remediate fumonisin-contaminated maize and maize products.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Justin B. Renaud, Jacob P. Walsh, Mark W. Sumarah
Summary: Aflatoxin B-1, a potent human carcinogen produced by certain species of Aspergillus commonly found on nuts and maize, can result in exposure levels in parts of Africa, Latin America and Asia that are multiple times or even orders of magnitude higher than tolerable daily levels. While estimation of human exposure to aflatoxin can be done through analysis of the diet, the determination of serum albumin aflatoxin adduct is the most relevant measure of health-related exposure. The lack of a serum reference material poses limitations on interlaboratory method validation and data comparisons. In this study, a synthetic aflatoxin-serum reference material was developed by covalently coupling AFB(1)-dialdehyde to serum albumin in human serum. The effectiveness of sample digestion methods was evaluated using isotopically labelled internal standards, with the study showing that adequate Pronase use and higher digestion temperature enhanced the overall analysis process. Additionally, the use of dried blood spots and Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling (VAMS) produced equivalent results to serum samples.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Cameron Littlejohn, Justin B. B. Renaud, Lyne Sabourin, David R. R. Lapen, Jane J. J. Pappas, Bindu Tuteja, Dianne Hughes, Erin Ussery, Ken K. -C. Yeung, Mark W. W. Sumarah
Summary: Metformin, a drug used for Type 2 diabetes, is widely prescribed globally. In surface water and sediment samples collected from mixed-use watersheds in Canada, guanylurea, a transformation product of metformin, was found in high concentrations. The study suggests that wastewater treatment plants and septic system leaks are the main sources of these compounds in the environment.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Kimberlynn McDonald, Natasha DesRochers, Justin B. Renaud, Mark W. Sumarah, David R. McMullin
Summary: Cyanobacterial blooms that release biologically active metabolites into the environment are increasing in frequency due to the degradation of freshwater ecosystems. Microcystins, a group of cyanopeptides, are extensively studied and included in water quality risk management frameworks. However, data on the abundance, distribution, and biological activities of non-microcystin cyanopeptides are limited.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Natasha DesRochers, Justin B. Renaud, Joey B. Tanney, Ashraf Ibrahim, Ken K. -C. Yeung, Mark W. Sumarah
Summary: This study identified many species of endophytic fungi in plants, most of which produce secondary metabolites with diverse structures and biological activities. Through LC-HRMS/MS analysis, 60 known compounds and 7 new compounds were identified. These previously unknown compounds are potential targets for further purification, characterization, and bioactivity testing in future studies.
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Jacob P. Walsh, Christopher P. Garnham, Ken K-C Yeung, Mark W. Sumarah
Summary: This translated article describes a decrease in crop yields caused by ginseng root rot, and highlights the important role of TAFC in the virulence of the ginseng pathogens. The results demonstrate that enzymatic degradation of TAFC can effectively control ginseng root rot.
ACS AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Scarlett Puebla-Barragan, Polycronis Paul Akouris, Kait F. Al, Charles Carr, Britney Lamb, Mark Sumarah, Charlotte van der Veer, Remco Kort, Jeremy Burton, Gregor Reid
Summary: The study found that certain Lactobacillus strains could reduce the malodorous compounds BAs, and cadaverine was found to reduce the relative abundance of lactobacilli. In an acidic environment, the growth of Lactobacillus species was enhanced, highlighting the importance of maintaining an acidic vaginal environment for vaginal health.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yi Zhu, Junlin Wang, Lu Tang, Yuxin Shang, Weiyi Zhao, Wei Zhang, Ping Hai, Yongbiao Zheng, Wenbo Li, Yanfang Su
Summary: One new iridoid glucoside and two new lignan glycosides, along with three known compounds, were isolated from the whole plants of Lancea tibetica. The structures were determined by spectroscopic methods and X-ray crystallographic analysis. One of the new iridoid glucosides and the known compounds exhibited moderate antioxidant activity.
PHYTOCHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2024)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yi Deng, Minghua Chen, Junming Yi, Yuguo Zheng
Summary: This study successfully designed and synthesized a series of quinazolinone derivatives containing purine molecules, and found that some compounds exhibited strong antiviral activity against tobacco mosaic virus. The findings have important implications for further development of antiviral drugs.
PHYTOCHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2024)
