Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Hiroaki Ueno, Weidong Zhang, Masamitsu Nakazato
Summary: Obesity and obesity-related diseases are global pandemics. Peptide chemistry and molecular biology have identified peptides that regulate appetite and energy metabolism. Peptide-related drugs have powerful anti-obesity effects with fewer adverse effects. Liraglutide and other candidates have been developed as anti-obesity drugs, and hybrid peptides have been designed to enhance appetite suppression.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kalpana D. Acharya, Randall H. Friedline, Doyle V. Ward, Madeline E. Graham, Lauren Tauer, Doris Zheng, Xiaodi Hu, Willem M. de Vos, Beth A. McCormick, Jason K. Kim, Marc J. Tetel
Summary: Estrogens have a protective effect against weight gain and metabolic disruption in women and female rodents, which is associated with modifications in gut microbiota. However, transplanting gut microbiota from estrogen-treated lean mice, with or without Akkermansia muciniphila, did not prevent high fat diet-induced body weight gain, fat mass gain, and hyperglycemia in estrogen-deficient recipients. In fact, supplementation of A. muciniphila worsened metabolic health in estrogen-deficient female rodents with a high fat diet.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yanjun Liu, Ziwei Li, Junyi Liu, Jie Xu, Yuanfa Liu, Changhu Xue
Summary: Emerging evidence suggests that dietary D-mannose, enriched naturally in many plants and fruits, show benefits in patients with bacterial urinary tract infection, diabetes, and obesity. However, it is noteworthy that the physiological level of D-mannose in the blood is relatively low. Based on the study that D-mannose could be a safe and beneficial dietary supplement to obese, here phosphatidylation of mannose was proposed as a way to increase the physiological level of D-mannose and enhance the modulatory effect of mannose on obesity.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Martin J. J. Ronis, Horacio Gomez-Acevedo, Kartik Shankar, Leah Hennings, Neha Sharma, Michael L. Blackburn, Isabelle Miousse, Harry Dawson, Celine Chen, Kelly E. Mercer, Thomas M. Badger
Summary: This study found that soy infant formula does not have estrogenic effects or significantly alter male reproductive development in newborn male piglets, compared to sow milk and milk formula.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kim Eerola, Francesco Longo, Thomas M. Reinbothe, Jennifer E. Richard, Olesya T. Shevchouk, Lorena Lopez-Ferreras, Devesh Mishra, Mohammed Asker, Johan Tolo, Caroline Miranda, Saliha Musovic, Charlotta S. Olofsson, Patrik Rorsman, Karolina P. Skibicka
Summary: This study reveals the presence of insulin expression in the hindbrain's dorsal vagal complex (DVC) and highlights its role in feeding behavior and metabolism, as well as its response to diet-induced obesity. The findings suggest a potentially divergent energy balance role of insulin in different brain areas and emphasize the importance of hindbrain insulin in energy homeostasis.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jennifer A. Davis, Jodi R. Paul, Stefani D. Yates, Elam J. Cutts, Lori L. McMahon, Jennifer S. Pollock, David M. Pollock, Shannon M. Bailey, Karen L. Gamble
Summary: Changing meal timing can rescue the cognitive and hippocampal impairments induced by HFD, even without altering body composition and total caloric intake. This suggests that short-term time-restricted feeding is an effective intervention for HFD-induced cognitive deficits and hippocampal dysfunction.
Review
Immunology
Holly Brettle, Vivian Tran, Grant R. Drummond, Ashley E. Franks, Steve Petrovski, Antony Vinh, Maria Jelinic
Summary: Obesity is characterized by excessive body fat accumulation and is linked to increased risks of major health problems such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and stroke. There are notable differences between sexes in the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and consequences of obesity, with females generally having better protection than males. This protection has been attributed to sex hormone estrogen and differences in fat distribution. More recent research highlights the role of differences in gut microbiota composition and function, as well as the intestinal immune system, in the sexual dimorphisms of obesity.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Amanda E. Brandon, Lewin Small, Tuong-Vi Nguyen, Eurwin Suryana, Henry Gong, Christian Yassmin, Sarah E. Hancock, Tamara Pulpitel, Sophie Stonehouse, Letisha Prescott, Melkam A. Kebede, Belinda Yau, Lake-Ee Quek, Greg M. Kowalski, Clinton R. Bruce, Nigel Turner, Gregory J. Cooney
Summary: Obesity is generally associated with insulin resistance and increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, but there is a subset of obese individuals who remain insulin sensitive. Recent research suggests that high carbohydrate diets can cause obesity in mice without glucose intolerance. This study found that dietary manipulation can influence insulin action independently of adiposity, and specific ceramide species may be associated with these differences.
Article
Biology
Kevin P. Kelly, Mroj Alassaf, Camille E. Sullivan, Ava E. Brent, Zachary H. Goldberg, Michelle E. Poling, Julien Dubrulle, Akhila Rajan
Summary: Diet-induced obesity leads to dysfunctional feeding behavior, and the molecular mechanisms underlying this dysregulation are poorly understood. Using Drosophila as a model organism, this study investigates the role of adipocyte lipid composition in regulating feeding behavior. The researchers identify Pect as a critical regulator of hunger-driven feeding, and show that disrupting Pect activity leads to insulin resistance, dysregulated lipoprotein delivery to the brain, and a loss of hunger-driven feeding. These findings provide causative evidence for the role of adipocyte Pect in metabolic homeostasis.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Magdiel Salgado, Roberto Elizondo-Vega, Pablo S. Villar, Macarena Konar, Scarlet Gallegos, Estefania Tarifeno-Saldivia, Patricia Luz-Crawford, Luis G. Aguayo, Ricardo C. Araneda, Elena Uribe, Maria Angeles Garcia-Robles
Summary: This study investigates the role of glucokinase regulatory protein (GKRP) in metabolic regulation and feeding behavior. The results suggest that GKRP can modulate tanycyte-neuron metabolic communication to regulate feeding behavior, and it may serve as a therapeutic target for enhancing satiety in patients with obesity.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Natalya Usheva, Sonya Galcheva, Greet Cardon, Marieke De Craemer, Odysseas Androutsos, Aneta Kotowska, Piotr Socha, Berthold Koletzko, Luis A. Moreno, Violeta Iotova, Yannis Manios
Summary: This study found a positive association between the timing of solid food introduction and duration of breastfeeding, as well as socioeconomic status, and a negative association with smoking during pregnancy. However, early introduction of solid food did not increase the risk of overweight in preschoolers.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
K. E. Huus, T. T. Hoang, A. Creus-Cuadros, M. Cirstea, S. L. Vogt, K. Knuff-Janzen, P. J. Sansonetti, P. Vonaesch, B. B. Finlay
Summary: Child undernutrition is a global health issue that is associated with an overabundance of intestinal pathogens. This study shows that disease-inducing human isolates of Enterobacteriaceae and Bacteroidales are capable of multi-species symbiotic cross-feeding, leading to synergistic growth of a mixed community. This diet-specific bacterial crossfeeding contributes to the overgrowth of intestinal pathogens during child malnutrition, exacerbating growth stunting.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mauricio Castro-Sepulveda, Beatrice Morio, Mauro Tunon-Suarez, Sebastian Jannas-Vela, Francisco Diaz-Castro, Jennifer Rieusset, Hermann Zbinden-Foncea
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the mitochondrial dynamics response in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells during the metabolic transition from fasting to feeding. The results demonstrated that this transition reduces mitochondria-ER interactions, induces mitochondrial fission, and reduces mitochondrial cristae density in human PBMCs.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alexis Maximilien Bachmann, Jean-David Morel, Gaby El Alam, Sandra Rodriguez-Lopez, Tanes Imamura de Lima, Ludger J. E. Goeminne, Giorgia Benegiamo, Sylvain Loric, Marc Conti, Maroun Bou Sleiman, Johan Auwerx
Summary: The sharp increase in global obesity prevalence is primarily due to changes in physical activity and eating behavior, but the metabolic and clinical impacts of these obesogenic conditions vary between sexes and genetic backgrounds. By analyzing genetically diverse mouse strains, researchers have found that mice, like humans, exhibit diverse physiological and biochemical responses to high-fat diet. These findings support the use of diverse mouse populations in future studies on metabolic dysfunctions.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Caleb C. Reichhardt, Elizabeth M. Messersmith, Tevan J. Brady, Laura A. Motsinger, Reganne K. Briggs, Brett R. Bowman, Stephanie L. Hansen, Kara J. Thornton
Summary: Anabolic implants with different hormone types and concentrations have varying effects on growth and trace mineral concentrations in Angus steers, with the combination implant showing the greatest impact on both growth and trace mineral concentrations. Further research is needed to fully understand the relationship between TBA-containing implants and these parameters.
Article
Psychology, Biological
Umit Yilmaz, Kevser Tanbek
Summary: This study investigated the effects of intracerebroventricular administration of Spexin on the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis and energy expenditure in rats. The results showed that Spexin reduced food consumption and body weight, increased thyroid hormones, and enhanced energy metabolism.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Kuei-Yu Chien, Yun-Ju Chen, Kuo-Jen Hsu, Chiao-Nan Chen
Summary: This study investigated the effects of a high-protein diet and high-intensity interval training on appetite and weight loss in obese middle-aged individuals. The results showed that consuming a high-protein drink and following a high-protein diet after exercise can reduce post-exercise appetite and the frequency of late-night snacking.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Review
Psychology, Biological
Melissa Alves Braga Oliveira, Ana Carolina Odebrecht Vergne de Abreu, Debora Barroggi Constantino, Andre C. Tonon, Antoni Diez-Noguera, Fernanda Gaspar Amaral, Maria Paz Hidalgo
Summary: Biological processes in living organisms exhibit strong rhythmicity and are regulated by internal timing systems. Understanding the influence of biological rhythms is crucial for experimental design and reporting.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Yanqun Cao, Hao Chen, Yinna Tan, Xu-Dong Yu, Chuli Xiao, Yin Li, James Reilly, Zhiming He, Xinhua Shu
Summary: There is evidence to suggest that chronic stress impacts neurochemical homeostasis and contributes to mental disorders. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of p-coumaric acid (p-CA), a natural compound found in vegetables and fruits, against stress-associated mental disorders. The findings suggest that p-CA could alleviate cognitive deficits and depression-like behavior in mice exposed to chronic restraint stress (CRS) by regulating the PKA-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Mai O. Spaulding, Jessica R. Hoffman, Grace C. Madu, Magen N. Lord, Caroline Soares Iizuka, Kevin P. Myers, Emily E. Noble
Summary: Food insecurity is associated with obesity and disordered eating behaviors. Studying a rodent model, researchers found that adolescent food insecurity may increase susceptibility to obesity and altered eating behaviors during adulthood.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Biological
K. Oberman, B. L. van Leeuwen, M. Nabben, J. E. Villafranca, R. G. Schoemaker
Summary: The present study investigated the post-operative complications and therapeutic potential of J147 in male Zucker rats, and found that J147 treatment had positive effects on behavioral and metabolic parameters, but did not affect neuroinflammation. The results suggest that a combination of acute and chronic J147 treatment may be optimal for treatment.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Review
Psychology, Biological
Mathieu Cournoyer, Alice Maldera, Alexandre-Charles Gauthier, Fabien Dal Maso, Marie-Eve Mathieu
Summary: This article provides a comprehensive view of the literature on the effect of different odors on physical activity through a systematic review. It was found that pleasant odors have a positive impact on participants' physical activity. However, better methodological consistency is needed in studies to produce more meaningful results.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Gabriel R. Gilmore, Jeff Dyche
Summary: This study examined sleep, sleep/wake regularity, and cognition in college students diagnosed with depression and using serotonergic antidepressants, comparing them to those without a depression diagnosis. The results showed that students using antidepressants had slightly longer wake after sleep onset and lower sleep efficiency, but these differences were likely not noticed by the participants. There were no differences in sleep regularity or cognition between the two groups.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Erica A. Cross, Kim L. Huhman, H. Elliott Albers
Summary: Social stress plays a significant role in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders and can lead to behavioral deficits such as social withdrawal. This study investigates the impact of social stress on social reward in Syrian hamsters. The results show that subordinate and socially defeated males have reduced motivation for social interactions compared to dominant males. Additionally, winning males exhibit greater activation in the mesolimbic dopamine system compared to losers. In females, there were no differences in social entries between winners and losers, but winning females display more activation in the NAc shell.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Daniel A. R. Cabral, Maria L. M. Rego, Eduardo B. Fontes, Vagner D. O. Tavares
Summary: This study examined the association between body mass index (BMI) and negative emotional states (NES) in men with substance use disorders (SUD) undergoing treatment. The findings showed a positive correlation between BMI and stress, anxiety, and depression. These results suggest that reducing body fat accumulation may contribute to improving mental health in individuals with SUD during recovery.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Review
Psychology, Biological
Elizabeth Agbor Epse Muluh, Jessica C. McCormack, Yunfan Mo, Michael Garratt, Mei Peng
Summary: This PROSPERO pre-registered systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the olfactory and gustatory changes in pregnant individuals. The meta-analysis revealed that pregnant individuals performed poorer in odour identification, rated olfactory stimuli to be more intense during the second and third trimester, and had increased pleasantness for sweet taste in the first trimester. No major difference was observed in terms of gustatory functions between pregnant and non-pregnant subjects.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Renee Spiteri Douglas, Mackenzie R. Hartley, J. Renee Yang, Tamara B. Franklin
Summary: The expression of Hdac2 in the hippocampus is associated with social status, while the expression of closely related genes Hdac1 and HDAC2 protein is not associated with social rank in the hippocampus.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
