Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Giuliana Muzio, Giuseppina Barrera, Stefania Pizzimenti
Summary: PPARs, belonging to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, play important roles in regulating lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms, as well as various cell functions and physiological processes. Their ability to modulate antioxidant genes expression and inhibit pro-inflammatory mediators synthesis makes them key regulators in cellular response against oxidative stress.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lin Peng, Huixia Yang, Yao Ye, Zhi Ma, Christina Kuhn, Martina Rahmeh, Sven Mahner, Antonis Makrigiannakis, Udo Jeschke, Viktoria von Schonfeldt
Summary: PPARs play vital roles in pregnancy, and dysfunctions of PPARs may lead to various related pregnancy diseases such as recurrent miscarriage and preeclampsia. This review discusses the impact of regulating PPARs on trophoblast physiological conditions and explores the underlying mechanisms of PPARs in controlling pregnancy-related processes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Enrico D'Aniello, Pietro Amodeo, Rosa Maria Vitale
Summary: This review provides an overview of discovery, optimization, and structure-activity relationship studies on PPAR modulators from marine sources, as well as the structural and computational studies that led to their identification and/or elucidation, and rationalization of their mechanisms of action.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Weibei Sheng, Qichang Wang, Haotian Qin, Siyang Cao, Yihao Wei, Jian Weng, Fei Yu, Hui Zeng
Summary: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative joint disease that is exacerbated by population aging, resulting in a significant economic burden. Current therapies are inadequate, but research on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) shows promise in slowing OA progression. PPARs have emerged as potential targets for effective OA treatments.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Henrique Souza-Tavares, Carolline Santos Miranda, Isabela Macedo Lopes Vasques-Monteiro, Cristian Sandoval, Daiana Araujo Santana-Oliveira, Flavia Maria Silva-Veiga, Aline Fernandes-da-Silva, Vanessa Souza-Mello
Summary: The intersection of obesity and COVID-19 has become a global concern. Obesity rates have tripled since 1975, leading to significant health costs. Adipose tissue plays a crucial role in obesity-related impairments, leading to insulin resistance and inflammation. Obesity affects the pancreas, increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes, and the liver, leading to hepatic steatosis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) activation shows potential in managing these metabolic diseases by alleviating insulin resistance and promoting fat oxidation.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Bianca Seminotti, Mateus Grings, Jerry Vockley, Guilhian Leipnitz
Summary: Inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs) are genetic disorders that disrupt specific metabolic pathways, leading to biochemical, clinical, and pathophysiological consequences. Secondary mitochondrial dysfunction, particularly oxidative phosphorylation impairment and elevated reactive oxygen species, has been found to play a crucial role in many of these disorders. Peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), a group of nuclear hormone receptors, regulate various cellular functions and processes, including oxidative stress response, inflammation, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial bioenergetics. Activation of PPARs has shown to improve oxidative phosphorylation and reduce reactive species levels, making pharmacological treatment with PPAR activators a promising approach for IMDs. This review summarizes preclinical and clinical data on the effects of PPARs in IMDs.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Haoyang Zou, Yiyao Gong, Haiqing Ye, Cuiping Yuan, Tiezhu Li, Jie Zhang, Li Ren
Summary: This study summarizes the physiological importance and clinical significance of PPARs and reviews the experimental evidence that natural products mediate metabolic syndrome via PPARs. The majority of currently described natural compounds are mild PPAR-selective agonists with therapeutic effects that are equivalent to synthetic medicines but less harmful adverse effects. Conclusion: PPAR agonists can be combined with natural products to treat and prevent metabolic syndrome.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Siyu Tian, Rui Wang, Shuming Chen, Jialing He, Weili Zheng, Yong Li
Summary: The study identified sanguinarine as a dual agonist of PPAR alpha and PPAR gamma, showing promising therapeutic potential in chronic diseases. It was found to upregulate PPAR alpha-target genes in hepatocytes and modulate key PPAR gamma-target genes to promote adipocyte differentiation. The unique ligand-binding mode of sanguinarine to PPAR alpha highlights its potential as a novel template for dual-targeting PPARs ligands.
Review
Cell Biology
Fabio Arturo Iannotti, Rosa Maria Vitale
Summary: PPARs are a family of nuclear receptors that regulate the expression of target genes involved in metabolism, immune reaction, cell differentiation, and other cellular changes. They are activated by various lipid molecules, including cannabinoids, and interact with the endocannabinoid system to modulate physiological and pathophysiological functions.
Review
Oncology
Nasim Dana, Gordon A. Ferns, Reza Nedaeinia, Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
Summary: Obesity affects tumor development and interacts with leptin and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Studies have shown an association between obesity and various types of cancer, including breast cancer.
CLINICAL & TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shan Zhang, Yanru You, Yachong Li, Hairui Yuan, Jie Zhou, Lijie Tian, Ying Liu, Baoli Wang, Endong Zhu
Summary: Foxk1 promotes adipocyte differentiation by facilitating nuclear translocation and upregulating the transcriptional activity of the Ppar gamma 2 promoter.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Marica Cariello, Elena Piccinin, Antonio Moschetta
Summary: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease encompasses a spectrum of liver injuries, from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis and cirrhosis. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by liver steatosis, inflammation, hepatocyte damage, and fibrosis. Genetic predisposition and environmental factors such as dietary habits and obesity may contribute to the progression of NASH. The role of lipid-sensing nuclear receptors in the pathogenesis and treatment of NASH, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, farnesoid X receptor, and liver X receptors, is discussed in this study.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sharma Arvind Virendra, Ankur Kumar, Pooja A. Chawla, Narsimha Mamidi
Summary: The family of nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR alpha, PPAR beta/delta, and PPAR gamma) regulate various functions in the body and have been investigated for therapeutic potential in different diseases. Medicinal chemists are working on finding novel compounds that may act as PPAR agonists for drug development. Studies on structure-activity relationship and docking are being conducted to better understand the mechanisms behind potential PPAR ligands.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Shi Fang, M. Christine Livergood, Pablo Nakagawa, Jing Wu, Curt D. Sigmund
Summary: This review focuses on the mechanisms by which nuclear receptors mediate transcriptional responses, with a specific emphasis on the role of PPARγ in regulating blood pressure. Genetic and clinical trial data demonstrate the importance of PPARγ in hypertension, and the tissue- and cell-specific molecular mechanisms by which PPARs modulate blood pressure and related phenotypes are detailed. The role of placental PPARs in preeclampsia is also discussed, along with future research directions and implications for novel therapies.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xin-xin Zhu, Xia Wang, Shi-yu Jiao, Ye Liu, Li Shi, Qing Xu, Jing-jing Wang, Yun-er Chen, Qi Zhang, Yan-ting Song, Ming Wei, Bao-qi Yu, Jens Fielitz, Frank J. Gonzalez, Jie Du, Ai-juan Qu
Summary: Cardiac dysfunction is a key component in sepsis-induced multi-organ failure. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway, especially PPARa, is significantly decreased in septic cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyocyte-specific PPARa deficiency exacerbates mitochondrial dysfunction and fatty acid metabolism impairment, leading to cardiac dysfunction. Targeting PPARa may be a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of septic cardiomyopathy.
ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Umit Yilmaz, Kevser Tanbek
Summary: This study investigated the effects of intracerebroventricular administration of Spexin on the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis and energy expenditure in rats. The results showed that Spexin reduced food consumption and body weight, increased thyroid hormones, and enhanced energy metabolism.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Kuei-Yu Chien, Yun-Ju Chen, Kuo-Jen Hsu, Chiao-Nan Chen
Summary: This study investigated the effects of a high-protein diet and high-intensity interval training on appetite and weight loss in obese middle-aged individuals. The results showed that consuming a high-protein drink and following a high-protein diet after exercise can reduce post-exercise appetite and the frequency of late-night snacking.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Review
Psychology, Biological
Melissa Alves Braga Oliveira, Ana Carolina Odebrecht Vergne de Abreu, Debora Barroggi Constantino, Andre C. Tonon, Antoni Diez-Noguera, Fernanda Gaspar Amaral, Maria Paz Hidalgo
Summary: Biological processes in living organisms exhibit strong rhythmicity and are regulated by internal timing systems. Understanding the influence of biological rhythms is crucial for experimental design and reporting.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Yanqun Cao, Hao Chen, Yinna Tan, Xu-Dong Yu, Chuli Xiao, Yin Li, James Reilly, Zhiming He, Xinhua Shu
Summary: There is evidence to suggest that chronic stress impacts neurochemical homeostasis and contributes to mental disorders. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of p-coumaric acid (p-CA), a natural compound found in vegetables and fruits, against stress-associated mental disorders. The findings suggest that p-CA could alleviate cognitive deficits and depression-like behavior in mice exposed to chronic restraint stress (CRS) by regulating the PKA-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Mai O. Spaulding, Jessica R. Hoffman, Grace C. Madu, Magen N. Lord, Caroline Soares Iizuka, Kevin P. Myers, Emily E. Noble
Summary: Food insecurity is associated with obesity and disordered eating behaviors. Studying a rodent model, researchers found that adolescent food insecurity may increase susceptibility to obesity and altered eating behaviors during adulthood.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Biological
K. Oberman, B. L. van Leeuwen, M. Nabben, J. E. Villafranca, R. G. Schoemaker
Summary: The present study investigated the post-operative complications and therapeutic potential of J147 in male Zucker rats, and found that J147 treatment had positive effects on behavioral and metabolic parameters, but did not affect neuroinflammation. The results suggest that a combination of acute and chronic J147 treatment may be optimal for treatment.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Review
Psychology, Biological
Mathieu Cournoyer, Alice Maldera, Alexandre-Charles Gauthier, Fabien Dal Maso, Marie-Eve Mathieu
Summary: This article provides a comprehensive view of the literature on the effect of different odors on physical activity through a systematic review. It was found that pleasant odors have a positive impact on participants' physical activity. However, better methodological consistency is needed in studies to produce more meaningful results.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Gabriel R. Gilmore, Jeff Dyche
Summary: This study examined sleep, sleep/wake regularity, and cognition in college students diagnosed with depression and using serotonergic antidepressants, comparing them to those without a depression diagnosis. The results showed that students using antidepressants had slightly longer wake after sleep onset and lower sleep efficiency, but these differences were likely not noticed by the participants. There were no differences in sleep regularity or cognition between the two groups.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Erica A. Cross, Kim L. Huhman, H. Elliott Albers
Summary: Social stress plays a significant role in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders and can lead to behavioral deficits such as social withdrawal. This study investigates the impact of social stress on social reward in Syrian hamsters. The results show that subordinate and socially defeated males have reduced motivation for social interactions compared to dominant males. Additionally, winning males exhibit greater activation in the mesolimbic dopamine system compared to losers. In females, there were no differences in social entries between winners and losers, but winning females display more activation in the NAc shell.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Daniel A. R. Cabral, Maria L. M. Rego, Eduardo B. Fontes, Vagner D. O. Tavares
Summary: This study examined the association between body mass index (BMI) and negative emotional states (NES) in men with substance use disorders (SUD) undergoing treatment. The findings showed a positive correlation between BMI and stress, anxiety, and depression. These results suggest that reducing body fat accumulation may contribute to improving mental health in individuals with SUD during recovery.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Review
Psychology, Biological
Elizabeth Agbor Epse Muluh, Jessica C. McCormack, Yunfan Mo, Michael Garratt, Mei Peng
Summary: This PROSPERO pre-registered systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the olfactory and gustatory changes in pregnant individuals. The meta-analysis revealed that pregnant individuals performed poorer in odour identification, rated olfactory stimuli to be more intense during the second and third trimester, and had increased pleasantness for sweet taste in the first trimester. No major difference was observed in terms of gustatory functions between pregnant and non-pregnant subjects.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Renee Spiteri Douglas, Mackenzie R. Hartley, J. Renee Yang, Tamara B. Franklin
Summary: The expression of Hdac2 in the hippocampus is associated with social status, while the expression of closely related genes Hdac1 and HDAC2 protein is not associated with social rank in the hippocampus.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)