Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Joshua Daniel Di Vincenzo, Liam O'Brien, Ira Jacobs, Muhammad Youshay Jawad, Felicia Ceban, Shakila Meshkat, Hartej Gill, Aniqa Tabassum, Lee Phan, Sebastian Badulescu, Joshua Daniel Rosenblat, Roger S. McIntyre, Rodrigo B. Mansur
Summary: Psychiatric and metabolic disorders have a bidirectional relationship, yet the mechanisms underlying this association are unknown. This review explores the use of indirect calorimetry (IC) to assess resting metabolism in psychiatric populations and reveals significant differences in energy expenditure and substrate utilization compared to healthy populations. Predictive equations for resting energy expenditure in psychiatric populations tend to overestimate values, highlighting the need for standardized IC protocols and further research into the heterogeneity of psychiatric disorders.
Article
Biology
Stav Talal, Arianne Cease, Ruth Farington, Hector E. Medina, Julio Rojas, Jon Harrison
Summary: The study showed that locusts elevate their metabolic rate in response to high carbohydrate diets, potentially due to an increase in respiratory exchange ratio. However, on low protein: carbohydrate ratio diets, locusts do not elevate metabolic rate and show an opposite trend.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Entomology
Pablo Barranco, Jose Luis Molina-Pardo
Summary: The study utilized scanning electron microscopy to investigate the morphology of different species of Orthoptera, emphasizing the relationship between tegmina and reproductive functions, as well as troglomorphic traits in the genus Petaloptila. Previously undescribed structures were found in the group, and troglomorphic characteristics were observed only in species of the subgenus Zapetaloptila.
Article
Fisheries
Supono Supono, Xiuqing Yu, Bradley M. Skelton, William J. G. McKay, Andrew Jeffs
Summary: The nutritional condition of juvenile mussels is poorly understood, particularly regarding the impact of size and starvation. This study measured the biochemical composition of juvenile green-lipped mussels of different sizes from varying sources and subjected to different starvation periods. The findings suggest that improving carbohydrate reserves during nursery feeding regimes can enhance resilience to poor feeding conditions in coastal mussel farms.
Article
Biology
Rima Solianik, Katerina Zidoniene, Marius Brazaitis
Summary: This study investigated the effects of brief cold exposure on fasting-induced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, as well as resting energy expenditure (REE). The results showed that cold exposure had no effect on REE, but it decreased glucose intolerance and maintained insulin sensitivity.
Article
Entomology
Wei Yuan, Cheng-Jie Zheng, Yan-Na Zheng, Li-Bin Ma, Jun-Jie Gu
Summary: This article describes two new genera and two new species of cricket fossils, which are the oldest representatives of tree crickets. These findings contribute to our understanding of the evolution of the Gryllidae.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Dane W. Fausnacht, Kellie A. Kroscher, Ryan P. McMillan, Luciane S. Martello, Lance H. Baumgard, Joshua T. Selsby, Matthew W. Hulver, Robert P. Rhoads
Summary: Heat stress disrupts substrate regulation and energy expenditure in growing pigs, leading to decreased muscle metabolic flexibility and increased leucine oxidation. However, weight gain and feed intake did not differ significantly between the HS and TN groups.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrea Cabbia, Peter A. J. Hilbers, Natal A. W. van Riel
Summary: Metabolic flexibility is the ability of an organism to adjust its energy source based on nutrient availability and energy requirements. Genome-scale metabolic models can be used to simulate metabolic flexibility by calculating the Respiratory Quotient (RQ). This study explores the interaction between physical activity and nutrition in skeletal muscle metabolism models of older adults, showing that fuel choice is sensitive to ATP consumption rate.
Article
Sport Sciences
Kenya Takahashi, Yu Kitaoka, Yutaka Matsunaga, Hideo Hatta
Summary: This study investigated the effects of endurance training on metabolic disturbances caused by ovariectomy, and found that endurance training can mitigate the negative metabolic consequences of ovariectomy.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Kazuya Hirata, Toru Asahi, Kosuke Kataoka
Summary: This study investigated the gut bacteriome of the field cricket Teleogryllus occipitalis and found that the structure of the gut microbiota is strongly influenced by gut compartments, while sex has a minimal effect. Differences in bacterial communities were observed between gut compartments, while differences between sexes were minor. Functional analysis revealed compartment-dependent metabolism and amino acid turnover in the gut. Differences in gut microbiota between sexes suggest a possible involvement in egg production in females.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Unai A. Perez-De-Arrilucea-Le-Floc'h, Manuel Dote-Montero, Abraham Carle-Calo, Guillermo Sanchez-Delgado, Jonatan R. Ruiz, Francisco J. Amaro-Gahete
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of different electrical frequencies of whole-body electrical stimulation (WB-EMS) on energy expenditure (EE) and the respiratory exchange ratio (RER). The results showed that all frequencies increased EE at rest, with 4 Hz producing the highest increase. During uphill walking, 6 Hz stimulation elicited the highest increase in EE.
Article
Zoology
Tony Robillard, Ming Kai Tan, Razy Japir, Arthur Y. C. Chung
Summary: Based on recent fieldwork in eastern Sabah, the males of Nisitrus danum and Cardiodactylus variegatus were described for the first time, along with their calling songs. New locality records of several species were also presented. Comparative analysis was conducted using new material of Nisitrus species.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Bruno Massa, Camillo Antonio Cusimano, Paolo Fontana, Cesare Brizio
Summary: In late April 2022, an unknown species of cricket was discovered during a bioacoustic assessment on the coast of Pantelleria island in Italy. Further analysis confirmed that it belonged to a new species in the Acheta genus and was restricted to the coastal cliffs of Pantelleria island. The discovery highlights the need for environmental protection of this vulnerable habitat.
Article
Zoology
Shu-Fei Wei, Dan Wang, Tao Zhang, Zhu-Qing He
Summary: The study investigated the genus Phyllotrella based on molecular and morphological features, and identified four described species. The molecular result indicated a genetic distance of 0.767%-1.386% among individuals from different areas, suggesting they belong to the same species. However, based on male genitalia similarities and differences, the authors proposed treating these species as two subspecies.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wenjie Jin, E. Tan, George Ghartey-Kwansah, Yishu Jia, Gengsi Xi
Summary: In this study, the characteristics of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E)-related genes in Teleogryllus emma were assessed, revealing their roles in regulating gonadal development. The results suggest that TeERR and 20E-related genes play important roles in this process, while TeEcR appears to inhibit TeE75 expression and TeE75 inhibits HR3 expression. Hsc70 indirectly regulates the expression of other genes such as E74A, E75B, and HR3, while Hsp90 regulates Usp expression.
ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jelle Boonekamp, Rolando Rodriguez-Munoz, Paul Hopwood, Erica Zuidersma, Ellis Mulder, Alastair Wilson, Simon Verhulst, Tom Tregenza
Summary: Telomeres were found at chromosome-ends of the model insect Gryllus campestris, with lengths much longer than human infants' telomeres. Neither temperature treatment nor age affected telomere length, although high heritability of telomere length was observed. Further investigation is needed to explore the relationship between telomere length maintenance and fitness during rapid growth phases.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sil H. J. van Lieshout, Elisa P. Badas, Julius G. Bright Ross, Amanda Bretman, Chris Newman, Christina D. Buesching, Terry Burke, David W. Macdonald, Hannah L. Dugdale
Summary: The study found that the telomere length in European badgers during early life is associated with weather conditions and group size, while no significant association was found between telomere length and group size in early adulthood. Additionally, early-life telomere length is positively correlated with cub survival probability.
Article
Ecology
Joe A. Moschilla, Joseph L. Tomkins, Leigh W. Simmons
Summary: The study explores how parents' perceived social environment can impact offspring behavior, particularly in daughters. Offspring reared in a no-song environment were more active, while daughters of parental pairs with both parents reared in a song environment showed lower levels of mobility compared to other groups.
FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Benjamin S. Walsh, Steven R. Parratt, Rhonda R. Snook, Amanda Bretman, David Atkinson, Tom A. R. Price
Summary: Recent research suggests that heat-induced male sterility may affect population persistence, but little is known about the ability of females to protect and preserve sperm at high temperatures. This study examines whether females from two fruit fly species can protect stored sperm from heat stress and finds that the fertility of stored sperm is greatly reduced in one species but only slightly reduced in the other.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jens Van Eeckhoven, Gavin J. Horsburgh, Deborah A. Dawson, Kathryn Mayer, Amanda Bretman, Elizabeth J. Duncan
Summary: Highly informative microsatellite markers were developed to assess genetic diversity in populations of the red mason bee, aiding in studies of genetic structure and diversity for conservation efforts in this species.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Alex S. Torson, Alexandra M. A. Hicks, Claire E. Baragar, David R. Smith, Brent J. Sinclair
Summary: In this study, the complete mitochondrial genomes of the spring field cricket and the variable field cricket were assembled using RNA-seq reads. The genomes of both species contained the expected genes and exhibited arrangements consistent with closely related Orthoptera. Phylogenetic analysis revealed their clustering with other Gryllus species in the Gryllidae clade.
MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B-RESOURCES
(2022)
Review
Entomology
Brent J. Sinclair, Jesper Givskov Sorensen, John S. Terblanche
Summary: This article synthesizes the literature on thermal plasticity in insects and explores the opportunities to enhance the performance of released insects by modifying temperature regimes. The authors discuss how temperature affects insect biology and identify potential mismatches between thermal acclimation and field temperatures. They also address the challenges in implementing optimal thermal regimes and highlight the importance of considering trade-offs with other traits. Overall, the study suggests that thermal physiological plasticity can be effectively utilized in release programs.
BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Tom Tregenza, Petri T. Niemela, Rolando Rodriguez-Munoz, Paul E. Hopwood
Summary: Both male ID and the ID of their burrow affect the likelihood that a male is paired with a female, but the burrow has a consistently greater influence. Furthermore, the relative attractiveness of an individual male depends on which burrow he occupies.
BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Matthew L. Meehan, Kurtis F. Turnbull, Brent J. Sinclair, Zoe Lindo
Summary: Climate warming can affect predator-prey interactions and predator feeding behavior by increasing metabolic demands. This study found that predators changed their prey selection under warming conditions, favoring small-bodied prey over larger-bodied prey, despite the potential for greater energetic gains from larger prey. These findings suggest that predators balance their increased metabolic demands by minimizing energy lost during feeding. The changes in predator feeding behavior with climate warming may have implications for food web dynamics and ecosystem-level processes.
FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anne Aagaard, Shenglin Liu, Tom Tregenza, Marie Braad Lund, Andreas Schramm, Koen J. F. Verhoeven, Jesper Bechsgaard, Trine Bilde
Summary: Understanding the role of genetic and nongenetic variants in shaping phenotypic responses to local environments is crucial for our understanding of evolutionary potential. By conducting environmental association studies, we found strong associations between genetic and nongenetic variation and environmental factors. Genetic variants were strongly correlated with average temperature, while DNA methylation variation was correlated with multiple climate parameters. Microbiome composition was mainly associated with precipitation-related climatic factors.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Joe A. Moschilla, Joseph L. Tomkins, Leigh W. Simmons
Summary: Understanding the evolution of animal personality involves studying the effects of selection on behavioral variation. This study focused on the Australian field cricket and found that males and females exhibited variation in boldness and exploratory behavior, which could influence their encounters with potential mates. Male crickets changed their exploratory behavior after interacting with conspecifics, while females did not. The study also found evidence of significant sexual selection in males but not in females. Overall, the study suggests that among-individual variation in these behaviors is unlikely to be selected based on their effects on reproductive success.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Wladimir Fae A. Neto, Joseph L. Tomkins, W. Jason Kennington
Summary: Adaptive laboratory evolution was used to improve the light harvesting efficiency of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under high irradiance, leading to increased pigment production and photoprotection. Different strains of the algae responded equally to selection, regardless of whether they were single or mixed strains or pre-treated with UV radiation. This study provides evidence for the utility of adaptive laboratory evolution in enhancing biomass production and high-light resistance in C. reinhardtii.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Wladimir A. Fae A. Neto, Ryan Dosselli, W. Jason Kennington, Joseph L. Tomkins
Summary: Cell size is closely related to organisms' survival in different environments. In this study, different evolutionary pathways were used to select for differences in average cell diameter in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The relationship between cell size and growth rate in C. reinhardtii is strongly correlated with changes in the photosynthetic apparatus in different sized cells.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Deanne Cummins, Michael S. Johnson, Joseph L. Tomkins, W. Jason Kennington
Summary: Assisted colonisation, which involves moving species beyond their historical range, is important for species conservation. However, there is a lack of empirical evidence on the long-term genetic outcomes of assisted colonisation. This study provides evidence of natural hybridisation between marine invertebrates with different modes of development. The findings highlight the potential risks of interspecific hybridisation and the importance of genetic monitoring in conservation translocations.
BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Kurtis F. Turnbull, Jeremy N. Mcneil, Brent J. Sinclair
Summary: This study investigated the overwintering energetics of the western bean cutworm through a combination of laboratory, field and simulation approaches. The results showed that selecting thermally buffered microhabitats and changes in the metabolic rate-temperature relationship contribute to reducing energy use during winter. Dormant prepupae that burrowed deeper into the soil benefited from a cool microclimate, while those near the soil surface relied on deeper metabolic suppression to maintain energy reserves. These strategies were found to be effective in limiting energy drain under natural conditions.
FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
(2023)