Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
H. Zhang, G. D. Egbert, Q. Huang
Summary: The electrical conductivity of mantle minerals is influenced by water content, and using long-period electromagnetic induction data can help determine mantle hydration. To get accurate results, a conductivity model with high resolution at relevant depths and comprehensive uncertainty analysis is needed. This global induction study combines data from the ionospheric diurnal variation and magnetospheric ring current bands, resulting in improved vertical resolution of radial conductivity variations in the mantle transition zone (MTZ). The analysis suggests a dry MTZ with pyrolitic composition, and based on uncertainties, the upper bound for average water content in the MTZ is estimated to be 0.3 wt.%.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Baohua Zhang, Chengcheng Zhao, Takashi Yoshino
Summary: Experimental results show that water content greatly enhances Fe-Mg interdiffusion rates in Wadsleyite, compared to Ringwoodite. However, the homogenization of chemical heterogeneity in the mantle through solid-state diffusion is very limited over geological time scales.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Cunguang Chen, Feng Li, Weihao Han, Tianxing Lu, Pei Li, Qianyue Cui, Yanli Sui, Zhimeng Guo, Alex A. Volinsky
Summary: High thermal stability of pure Al conductors is crucial for their applications in power transmission lines. By utilizing powder metallurgy and optimizing the processing, this study was able to enhance the strength and electrical conductivity of Al conductors. The cold-drawn wires exhibited higher electrical conductivity and optimal mechanical properties, pushing forward the potential application of PM Al in heat resistant conductors.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2021)
Editorial Material
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Bo Zhou, Benhui Chen, Jinglu Hu
Summary: This letter acknowledges the interest of Kamata et al. in the work and their explanation of the quasi-linear kernel in the context of multiple kernel learning. The letter provides a summary of the quasi-linear SVM, discusses the novelty of quasi-linear kernels against multiple kernel learning, and explains the contributions of the authors' work.
IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONICS COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTER SCIENCES
(2023)
Letter
Virology
Liyang Zhao, Yusi Li, Wenjuan Yi, Kuo Yan, Chao Yang, Sridhar Radhakrishnan, Rui Li, Ruirong Tan, Gang Fan, Mengyuan Dai, Miao Liu, Ning-Yi Shao
Summary: Although smoking might increase the risk of severe COVID-19, our previous study did not find strong evidence to support this conclusion. We also acknowledged that patients with diabetes or other chronic diseases could have worse outcomes in COVID-19, but this aspect was not investigated in our study as we had published separate research on diabetes. Due to limited sample size and medical records, our study could not encompass multiple factors. Nonetheless, we hope our study serves as a useful and meaningful pilot study for future research.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2023)
Letter
Nutrition & Dietetics
Weili Hu, Pavitra Shankar, Yuanhang Yao, Xinyi Su, Jung Eun Kim
Summary: Pesticides can harm eye health through various exposures. Organic diets have the potential to reduce pesticide exposure, but further studies comparing organic and nonorganic diets are needed to better understand their impact on eye health.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Mohamed S. Hammed, Farouk Sayed
Summary: The study points out that the inversion time, intensity, and type vary among different basins in northern Egypt, and proposes that the geological structures of Abu Roash can be defined as a transpressional (oblique) inversion tectonic model that started at the Santonian and ended by the Latest Senonian. This tectonic model represents the northeastern segment of the Kattaniya basin and does not generalize to the whole basin or other basins in North Egypt.
MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Statistics & Probability
Muxuan Liang, Ying-Qi Zhao
Summary: In this study, we discussed the improvement of generalizability in individualized treatment rules and introduced a likelihood-ratio-based method LR-ITR to handle covariate shifts. Numerical studies showed that LR-ITR outperformed CTE-DR-ITR in cases of covariate shift only.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Zoltan Botta-Dukat
Summary: The study found that considering intraspecific trait variation can better predict the strength of competition. However, traits and competitive interactions may have a complex relationship, as traits in focal individuals may be both drivers and consequences of competition, making interpretation more challenging.
JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Management
Dasapta Erwin Irawan, Juneman Abraham, Ilham Akhsanu Ridlo, Harya Dwi Nugraha, Ismail Suardi Wekke, Anis Fuad, Alfend Rudyawan, Cahyo Seftyono
Summary: The article suggests that ranking researchers on a platform can improve productivity, but it overlooks the possibility of previous resource allocation not being inefficient. The proposed solution shifts resources towards measurable metrics without understanding its long-term effects. Thus, considering potential trade-offs and the future benefits is important.
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Hanhui Liu, Naeem Ul Haq Tariq, Yupeng Ren, Lijia Zhao, Ying Yang, Xinyu Cui, Jiqiang Wang, Tianying Xiong
Summary: By adding an appropriate amount of Al2O3 particles to the feedstock, the performance of cold sprayed metallic coatings on polymer substrates was effectively improved. The addition of Al2O3 influenced the microstructure, deposition efficiency, microhardness, electrical conductivity, and adhesion strength of the coatings. Furthermore, the molecular structure of the substrate was not affected by the impact of Al and Al2O3 particles during the cold spray process.
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Economics
Nassim Nicholas Taleb, Ronald Richman, Marcos Carreira, James Sharpe
Summary: This article responds to Tetlock et al. (2022) by showing that expert judgment is not effective in capturing tail risk and that forecasting tournaments are not compatible with tail-risk assessment methods such as extreme value theory. Additionally, it presents a new finding demonstrating a significant gap between the properties of tail expectation and the corresponding probability.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FORECASTING
(2023)
Review
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
David M. Kroeck, Gary Mullins, Claude Monnet, Thomas Servais
Summary: This article cites several works by Martin to present a hypothesis about the change in nutrient availability during the Paleozoic era, contrasting it with the notion based on terrestrial sediment input. Martin expands on this hypothesis in his discussion paper and highlights factors that were neglected in the previous review.
EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2022)
Letter
Engineering, Environmental
Yixiong Pang, Diyun Chen, Lingjun Kong, Gutha Yuvaraja, Sajid Mehmood
Summary: In a Co-HAP/PMS system, the catalytic degradation of RhB led to the leaching of cobalt ions. Additional experiments demonstrated that the leached cobalt ions indeed contributed to the activation of PMS for RhB degradation, which was previously overlooked. This finding was made possible by the valuable comments of Zuo et al. and will be further investigated in future research. Importantly, Co-HAP still played a significant role in PMS activation for RhB degradation during the initial stage. Fortunately, the slow release of Co2+ from Co-HAP prevented secondary pollution, as the Co2+ concentration was lower than the standard for wastewater discharge. Furthermore, the mechanism of non-radical reactions in the Co-HAP/PMS system confirmed the heterogeneous catalysis of this system.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
James Wintrup
Summary: This article responds to the commentary by Ashraf et al., defending the argument that their conducted RCT has caused harm in Zambia. It engages with their central points while also discussing the broader issue of the politics and ethics of conducting RCTs in countries in the Global South and the political vision of economists who see RCTs as a solution to poverty and global health problems.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Chao Liu, Takashi Yoshino, Daisuke Yamazaki, Noriyoshi Tsujino, Hitoshi Gomi, Moe Sakurai, Youyue Zhang, Ran Wang, Longli Guan, Kayan Lau, Yoshinori Tange, Yuji Higo
Summary: The anelastic measurement method using cyclic loading under high pressure has been developed with in situ X-ray observation at a synchrotron facility. Flexible graphite as a reference material shows better performance compared to dense polycrystalline alumina and alumina single crystal, exhibiting lower attenuation and higher strain ratio, making it more suitable for detecting lower energy dispersion of mantle minerals at high pressure.
HIGH PRESSURE RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Xiang Li, Yungui Liu, Ran Wang, Takashi Yoshino, Jingui Xu, Dongzhou Zhang, Tobias Grutzner, Junfeng Zhang, Xiang Wu
Summary: This study explores the compressibility of F-bearing Superhydrous phase B (Shy-B) and its influence on mantle minerals during subduction. The findings show that the addition of fluorine enhances the bulk velocity of Shy-B, but the accumulation and decomposition of F-bearing Shy-B cannot explain the velocity anomaly at the uppermost lower mantle.
PHYSICS OF THE EARTH AND PLANETARY INTERIORS
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Robert Farla, Shrikant Bhat, Stefan Sonntag, Artem Chanyshev, Shuailing Ma, Takayuki Ishii, Zhaodong Liu, Adrien Neri, Norimasa Nishiyama, Guilherme Abreu Faria, Thomas Wroblewski, Horst Schulte-Schrepping, Wolfgang Drube, Oliver Seeck, Tomoo Katsura
Summary: This article introduces a new high-energy wiggler beamline P61 at PETRA III in Hamburg, Germany. The first part provides an overview of the beamline's front-end components and beam characteristics. The second part describes the performance of the equipment and the latest developments at the endstation, with particular attention to the challenges faced in controlling the unprecedented high-energy photon flux delivered by the ten wigglers of the PETRA III storage ring.
JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Hongzhan Fei, Tomoo Katsura
Summary: This study investigated the ionic conductivity of olivine at 4 GPa and found that it is insensitive to oxygen fugacity under relatively reduced conditions, but has a clear dependence on oxygen fugacity under relatively oxidized conditions. The ionic conduction in olivine may play an important role in the conductivity anomaly in the topmost asthenosphere.
GEOSCIENCE FRONTIERS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Dmitry Bondar, Anthony C. Withers, Alan G. Whittington, Hongzhan Fei, Tomoo Katsura
Summary: The dissolution of water in melts and its impact on glass structure were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It was found that the proportion of water molecules in the glass decreases with increasing depolymerization. Additionally, a new peak related to a specific hydroxyl group was identified, and the position of another peak was found to shift with depolymerization. These findings provide insights into the dissolution mechanisms of water in highly depolymerized glasses and their effect on glass structure.
GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Artem Chanyshev, Hongzhan Fei, Dmitry Bondar, Biao Wang, Zhaodong Liu, Takayuki Ishii, Robert Farla, Catherine McCammon, Tomoo Katsura
Summary: The chemistry of bridgmanite is important for understanding the Earth's lower mantle. Fe3+ can substitute for Mg in bridgmanite, and this substitution affects its physical properties. We investigated the substitution mechanism of Fe3+ and found that only the charge-coupled mechanism takes place, leading to the formation of FeFeO3 component. The absence of vacancies in bridgmanite under SiO2-saturated conditions implies differences in viscosity and electrical conductivity compared to the surrounding mantle, which may affect lower-mantle dynamics.
ACS EARTH AND SPACE CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Takayuki Ishii, Catherine McCammon, Tomoo Katsura
Summary: The chemical composition of Fe,Al-bearing MgSiO3 perovskite (bridgmanite) was studied at high temperatures, revealing a decrease in the FeAlO3 content and no change in the Fe2O3 content with increasing temperature. The presence of MgFeO2.5 and Fe2/3SiO3 as charge-coupled components was also observed.
AMERICAN MINERALOGIST
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Youyue Zhang, Takashi Yoshino, Masahiro Osako
Summary: We have measured thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity for polycrystalline ferropericlase with different Fe contents under high pressure and high temperature conditions. The results show that even small amounts of Fe can significantly reduce the thermal conductivity of ferropericlase at low temperatures. There is a decrease in the pressure and temperature dependence with increasing Fe content. A universal equation was derived to estimate the thermal conductivity of ferropericlase under mantle conditions.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Hideharu Kuwahara, Ryoichi Nakada, Shintaro Kadoya, Takashi Yoshino, Tetsuo Irifune
Summary: The formation of the early Earth's mantle is believed to have been highly reducing, but geological evidence suggests it was oxidized. Experiments melting peridotite under deep mantle conditions show that the Fe3+ content of Earth's magma ocean was significantly higher than that of the present upper mantle, explaining the evidence for a highly oxidized Hadean mantle. This oxidation likely ended with the cessation of huge impacts, and the reduction in Fe3+ content and oxidation state of the upper mantle could be attributed to accretion of reduced materials by small impactors during the late Hadean and early Archaean eons.
Article
Physics, Condensed Matter
Innocent C. Ezenwa, Takashi Yoshino
Summary: This study reports the changes in electrical resistivity of titanium (Ti) and zirconium (Zr) at room temperature under pressures up to 20 GPa using a 4-wire resistivity method. The resistivity slopes of both metals change at different pressures. At 10 GPa, the resistivity of Ti increases with pressure while the resistivity of Zr decreases. This difference is attributed to incoherent scattering in Ti and coherent scattering in Zr during their solid α->ω transition. Furthermore, the study allows constraining the boundaries of the α->ω phase coexistence region in Zr to be 4-8 GPa.
PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Yu Nishihara, Shunta Doi, Noriyoshi Tsujino, Daisuke Yamazaki, Kyoko N. Matsukage, Yumiko Tsubokawa, Takashi Yoshino, Andrew R. Thomson, Yuji Higo, Yoshinori Tange
Summary: The viscosity of hcp-Fe is critical for understanding the dynamics of the Earth's inner core. High-pressure and -temperature deformation experiments were conducted to study the rheology of hcp-Fe, revealing a power-law dislocation creep mechanism. The dominant deformation mechanism at high temperatures is power-law dislocation creep, while at lower temperatures, a mechanism with power-law breakdown prevails.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Baohua Zhang, Hongzhan Fei, Takashi Yoshino, Qunke Xia
Summary: The thermal structure of Craton plays a crucial role in its internal melting state, electrical conductivity and dynamic evolution. Enhanced conductivity in Craton with high surface heat flow can be explained by the presence of silicate or carbonate melt, while Craton with relatively low surface heat flow may be due to a small amount of carbonate melt or water in nominally anhydrous minerals (NAMs).
EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hongzhan Fei, Maxim D. Ballmer, Ulrich Faul, Nicolas Walte, Weiwei Cao, Tomoo Katsura
Summary: A substantial viscosity difference is observed in the lower mantle of Earth at a depth of 800-1,200 km, known as the mid-mantle viscosity jump. This viscosity jump plays a crucial role in the dynamics and evolution of the mantle, affecting slab subduction, plume ascent, and chemical mixing. The origin of this viscosity jump has remained unknown, but this study suggests that rocks enriched with bridgmanite in the deep lower mantle have significantly larger grain size and higher viscosity compared to overlying pyrolitic rocks, providing an explanation for the mid-mantle viscosity jump.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chao Liu, Takashi Yoshino, Daisuke Yamazaki, Noriyoshi Tsujino, Hitoshi Gomi, Moe Sakurai, Youyue Zhang, Ran Wang, Longli Guan, Kayan Lau, Yoshinori Tange, Yuji Higo
Summary: This study investigates the effect of water on the seismic properties of olivine aggregates in the oceanic lithosphere. The results show that water substantially enhances energy dispersion and reduces elastic moduli, with an attenuation peak at higher frequencies. The findings suggest that the sharp seismic changes at the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary far from mid-ocean ridges could be attributed to the difference in water content between the lithosphere and asthenosphere.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Artem Chanyshev, Hongzhan Fei, Dmitry Bondar, Biao Wang, Zhaodong Liu, Takayuki Ishii, Robert Farla, Catherine McCammon, Tomoo Katsura
Summary: The substitution mechanisms of Fe3+ in bridgmanite and its impact on physical properties were investigated under specific high pressure and temperature conditions. The study found that the fraction of Fe3+ increases with temperature, and the substitution mechanism only takes place under specific conditions. Additionally, the absence of vacancies in bridgmanite under specific conditions has important implications for lower-mantle dynamics.
ACS EARTH AND SPACE CHEMISTRY
(2023)
