Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
H. Sio, J. D. Moody, D. D. Ho, B. B. Pollock, C. A. Walsh, B. Lahmann, D. J. Strozzi, G. E. Kemp, W. W. Hsing, A. Crilly, J. P. Chittenden, B. Appelbe
Summary: Diagnosing plasma magnetization in inertial confinement fusion implosions is crucial for understanding the impact of magnetic fields. Secondary DT reactions provide diagnostic signatures for inferring neutron-averaged magnetization. The distribution of magnetically confined DD-triton is anisotropic, leading to anisotropy in the secondary DT neutron spectra.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
N. V. Kabadi, R. Simpson, P. J. Adrian, A. Bose, J. A. Frenje, M. Gatu Johnson, B. Lahmann, C. K. Li, C. E. Parker, F. H. Seguin, G. D. Sutcliffe, R. D. Petrasso, S. Atzeni, J. Eriksson, C. Forrest, S. Fess, V. Yu Glebov, R. Janezic, O. M. Mannion, H. G. Rinderknecht, M. J. Rosenberg, C. Stoeckl, G. Kagan, M. Hoppe, R. Luo, M. Schoff, C. Shuldberg, H. W. Sio, J. Sanchez, L. Berzak Hopkins, D. Schlossberg, K. Hahn, C. Yeamans
Summary: The experiments at the OMEGA laser facility showed that plasma shocks couple energy proportional to species mass in multi-ion plasmas. As equilibration time increases, deuterium and tritium ions have different energy distributions during shock convergence in ignition-relevant ICF implosions.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Rui-Hua Xu, Ying-Kui Zhao
Summary: Theoretical model is developed to investigate the radiation heat conduction between hot fuel and high-Z pusher in volume ignition for inertial confinement fusion. A strong correlation is found between the albedo of the high-Z pusher and the state of the hot fuel, with results consistent with numerical simulations. This elucidation of radiation heat conduction physics is crucial for further studies and design considerations.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Yan-Ning Zhang, Zhi-Gang Wang, Yong-Tao Zhao, Bin He
Summary: A fitting formula is provided for the electron-ion energy partition fraction of 3.54-MeV fusion alpha particles in deuterium-tritium plasmas, which can be applied across a wide range of plasma states. The study also investigates relativistic effects for electrons at high electron temperatures. Comparisons with other fitting results are made to explain differences, but the fitting result closely matches the calculated values in most cases.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
A. R. Christopherson, O. A. Hurricane, C. Weber, A. Kritcher, R. Nora, J. Salmonson, R. Tran, J. Milovich, S. Maclaren, D. Hinkel, R. Betti
Summary: A recent experiment conducted on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) achieved a fusion yield output of 1.3 MJ from approximately 220 kJ of absorbed x-ray energy, demonstrating significant progress in laser driven inertial confinement fusion.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
V. G. Kiptily, R. Dumont, M. Fitzgerald, D. Keeling, S. E. Sharapov, M. Poradzinski, Z. Stancar, P. J. Bonofiglo, E. Delabie, Z. Ghani, V. Goloborodko, S. Menmuir, E. Kowalska-Strzeciwilk, M. Podesta, H. Sun, D. M. Taylor, J. Bernardo, I. S. Carvalho, D. Douai, J. Garcia, M. Lennholm, C. F. Maggi, J. Mailloux, F. Rimini, P. Siren
Summary: The heating of magnetically confined fusion machines by fusion-born alpha particles is a subject of high priority for research. Recent experiments have observed self-heating of thermonuclear fusion plasma by alpha particles, achieved by neutral beam injection as the only external heating source and then termination of heating at peak performance.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Chuanying Li, Jianfa Gu, Fengjun Ge, Zhensheng Dai, Shiyang Zou
Summary: In this paper, the impact of different conductivity models on the performance of cryogenic implosions is studied using simulations. It is found that changing the flux limiter has a bigger influence on the performance than changing the conductivity model. Increasing the flux limiter leads to higher hot-spot mass and lower hot-spot-averaged ion temperature, resulting in reduced no-alpha yield.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Yu K. Kurilenkov, A. Oginov, V. P. Tarakanov, S. Yu Gus'kov, I. S. Samoylov
Summary: The experiment demonstrated results of proton-boron aneutronic fusion in a single miniature device with electrodynamic plasma confinement. The experiment achieved a total yield of about 5 x 10(4)/ 4 pi alpha particles during pulse-periodic operation.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
B. T. Spiers, M. P. Hill, C. Brown, L. Ceurvorst, N. Ratan, A. F. Savin, P. Allan, E. Floyd, J. Fyrth, L. Hobbs, S. James, J. Luis, M. Ramsay, N. Sircombe, J. Skidmore, R. Aboushelbaya, M. W. Mayr, R. Paddock, R. H. W. Wang, P. A. Norreys
Summary: Fast ignition inertial confinement fusion requires the production of a low-density channel in plasma with density scale-lengths of several hundred microns. Magnetic field probing and particle simulations play important roles in channel formation and magnetic field structure for achieving fast ignition.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Chengliang Lin, Bin He, Yong Wu, Jianguo Wang
Summary: Based on the kinetic theory, improved T-matrix models are established to account for multiple scattering effects and transverse deflection in the stopping powers of particles. The study shows that these effects have a significant influence on the stopping power, especially in mixtures with large mass and charge asymmetry. The models are found to be appropriate for evaluating stopping powers in various plasma conditions, indicating the importance of considering multiple scattering effects in modeling particle transport in hot dense plasmas relevant to inertial confinement fusion.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
V. K. Zotta, L. Garzotti, F. J. Casson, D. Frigione, F. Kochl, E. Lerche, P. Lomas, F. Rimini, M. Sertoli, D. Van Eester, R. Gatto, C. Mazzotta, G. Pucella
Summary: The fusion performance of ELMy H-mode 50-50 DT plasmas was predicted using the JINTRAC suite of codes and the QuaLiKiZ transport model. The simulations analyzed the sensitivity of the predictions to plasma parameters and auxiliary heating power, showing that a fusion power of 10 MW should be achievable under a wide range of assumptions, while higher fusion power approaching 15 MW could be achieved with particularly pure plasmas and additional heating power of 40 MW.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
T. Nagayama, M. A. Schaeuble, J. R. Fein, G. P. Loisel, M. Wu, D. C. Mayes, S. B. Hansen, P. F. Knapp, T. J. Webb, J. Schwarz, R. A. Vesey
Summary: Accurate understanding of x-ray diagnostic modeling is crucial for interpreting high-energy-density experiments and testing simulations. Past individual treatments have hindered universal diagnostic understanding. A general formula for modeling non-focusing x-ray diagnostics has been derived, accounting naturally for crystal broadening. The new model is recommended for developing a unified picture and providing consistent treatment over multiple x-ray diagnostics.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yiheng Liu, Kai He, Gang Wang, Guilong Gao, Xin Yan, Yanhua Xue, Ping Chen, Dong Yao, Mengmeng Yue, Liang Sheng, Xiaohui Yuan, Jinshou Tian
Summary: A new type of neutron conversion screen is proposed for directly measuring DT neutrons from inertial confinement fusion with high time resolution. It is based on the interaction between recoil protons and CsI, improving temporal resolution and distinguishing neutrons from gamma-rays.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Chaoyou Tao, Kewei Wu, Fei Dai, Zhibing He, Hong Yang, Wei Lin, Kai Wang, Hui Zhang
Summary: This study reports the results of crystal growth and layering of D-2 in cylindrical cryogenic targets. The researchers achieved global coverage of the D-2 layer on the inner surface of the capsule through crystal growth of D-2 ice, and controlled the temperature field without the need for infrared radiation, foam lining, and magnetic field. The analysis showed that the thickness of the D-2 layer was about 36.53 μm, and the inner surface roughness was 3.23 μm. These initial experiments provide a new vision and method for exploring and achieving pure crystal growth and layering of D-2.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
D. J. Schlossberg, R. M. Bionta, D. T. Casey, M. J. Eckart, D. N. Fittinghoff, V Geppert-Kleinrath, G. P. Grim, K. D. Hahn, E. P. Hartouni, J. Jeet, S. M. Kerr, A. J. Mackinnon, A. S. Moore, P. L. Volegov
Summary: Recent measurements of inertial confinement fusion have emphasized the importance of 3D asymmetry effects on implosion performance, particularly the bulk drift velocity of the deuterium-tritium plasma undergoing fusion. Upgrades to diagnostic equipment have allowed for more precise measurements of this velocity and its correlations with other parameters, leading to a better understanding of fusion processes and the necessary improvements in diagnostic suites. Cross-diagnostic analysis is discussed as a method to test hotspot models and theory, with cross-shot trends showing promising results.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
E. P. Hartouni, A. S. Moore, A. J. Crilly, B. D. Appelbe, P. A. Amendt, K. L. Baker, D. T. Casey, D. S. Clark, T. Doppner, M. J. Eckart, J. E. Field, M. Gatu-Johnson, G. P. Grim, R. Hatarik, J. Jeet, S. M. Kerr, J. Kilkenny, A. L. Kritcher, K. D. Meaney, J. L. Milovich, D. H. Munro, R. C. Nora, A. E. Pak, J. E. Ralph, H. F. Robey, J. S. Ross, D. J. Schlossberg, S. M. Sepke, B. K. Spears, C. Young, A. B. Zylstra
Summary: Inertial confinement fusion experiments at the National Ignition Facility aim to achieve sustained thermonuclear burn for energy generation. This study investigates the departure from hydrodynamic behavior when fusion reactions become the primary source of plasma heating. The relationship between ion temperature and mean ion kinetic energy is analyzed using neutron spectrum moments.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Daniel T. Casey, Chris R. Weber, Alex B. Zylstra, Charlie J. Cerjan, Ed Hartouni, Matthias Hohenberger, Laurent Divol, David S. Dearborn, Neel Kabadi, Brandon Lahmann, Maria Gatu Johnson, Johan A. Frenje
Summary: The enhancement of fusion reaction rates by electron screening is an important plasma-nuclear effect but has not been experimentally observed. Experiments using inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions may provide an opportunity to observe this effect. The experiments at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) have reached the relevant physical regime, but the expected impacts of plasma screening on nuclear reaction rates are currently too small and need to be increased. This work lays the foundation for future efforts to develop a platform capable of observing plasma electron screening.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
M. J. Rosenberg, A. A. Solodov, J. F. Myatt, S. Hironaka, J. Sivajeyan, R. K. Follett, T. Filkins, A. V. Maximov, C. Ren, S. Cao, P. Michel, M. S. Wei, J. P. Palastro, R. H. H. Scott, K. Glize, S. P. Regan
Summary: Experiments have been conducted on the OMEGA EP laser facility to investigate the impact of density scale length and overlapping beam geometry on laser-plasma instabilities near and below the quarter-critical density. The experiments were performed in both planar and spherical geometries with different density scale lengths and numbers of overlapping beams. It was found that shorter density scale lengths favored the two-plasmon decay (TPD) instability, while longer density scale lengths favored stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). In addition, higher single-beam intensities favored SRS, while a larger number of overlapping beams favored TPD.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
K. L. Baker, C. A. Thomas, O. L. Landen, S. Haan, J. D. Lindl, D. T. Casey, C. Young, R. Nora, O. A. Hurricane, D. A. Callahan, O. Jones, L. Berzak Hopkins, S. Khan, B. K. Spears, S. Le Pape, N. B. Meezan, D. D. Ho, T. Doppner, D. Hinkel, E. L. Dewald, R. Tommasini, M. Hohenberger, C. Weber, D. Clark, D. T. Woods, J. L. Milovich, D. Strozzi, A. Kritcher, H. F. Robey, J. S. Ross, V. A. Smalyuk, P. A. Amendt, B. Bachmann, L. R. Benedetti, R. Bionta, P. M. Celliers, D. Fittinghoff, C. Goyon, R. Hatarik, N. Izumi, M. Gatu Johnson, G. Kyrala, T. Ma, K. Meaney, M. Millot, S. R. Nagel, P. K. Patel, D. Turnbull, P. L. Volegov, C. Yeamans, C. Wilde
Summary: In indirect-drive implosions, increasing laser peak power and radiation drive temperature can improve the core hot spot energy, pressure, and neutron yield. This improvement has been quantified and explained by simple analytic scalings validated by 1D simulations. Extrapolating from existing data, it is possible to achieve a yield of 2-3x10^17 (0.5-0.7 MJ) using only 1.8 MJ of laser energy in a low gas-fill 5.4 mm diameter Hohlraum at the 500 TW National Ignition Facility peak power limit.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
B. Bachmann, S. A. MacLaren, L. Masse, S. Bhandarkar, T. Briggs, D. Casey, L. Divol, T. Doeppner, D. Fittinghoff, M. Freeman, S. Haan, G. N. Hall, B. Hammel, E. Hartouni, N. Izumi, V. Geppert-Kleinrath, S. Khan, B. Kozioziemski, C. Krauland, O. Landen, D. Mariscal, E. Marley, K. Meaney, G. Mellos, A. Moore, A. Pak, P. Patel, M. Ratledge, N. Rice, M. Rubery, J. Salmonson, J. Sater, D. Schlossberg, M. Schneider, V. A. Smalyuk, C. Trosseille, P. Volegov, C. Weber, G. J. Williams, A. Wray
Summary: Fuel-ablator mix has a significant impact on the performance of inertial confinement fusion experiments. Studying this mix through experiments and simulations can improve our understanding of these experiments and lead to higher yields and increased robustness.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2023)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
B. Reichelt, N. Kabadi, J. Pearcy, M. Gatu Johnson, S. Dannhoff, B. Lahmann, J. Frenje, C. K. Li, G. Sutcliffe, J. Kunimune, R. Petrasso, H. Sio, A. Moore, E. Mariscal, E. Hartouni
Summary: This paper develops a process to determine the x-ray sensitivity of PTOF detectors and relates it to the intrinsic properties of the detector. It is demonstrated that the diamond sample has significant non-homogeneity and the charge collection can be described by a linear model ax + b, where a = 0.63 +/- 0.16 V-1 mm(-1) and b = 0.00 +/- 0.04 V-1. The electron to hole mobility ratio is confirmed to be 1.5 +/- 1.0 and the effective bandgap is 1.8 eV, leading to an increased sensitivity.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
S. Jiang, O. L. Landen, H. D. Whitley, S. Hamel, R. London, D. S. Clark, P. Sterne, S. B. Hansen, S. X. Hu, G. W. Collins, Y. Ping
Summary: Transport properties of high energy density matter play a crucial role in the evolution of various systems. In this study, we propose an experimental platform utilizing x-ray differential heating and time-resolved refraction-enhanced radiography coupled with a deep neural network to overcome the uncertainties in the warm dense matter regime. We successfully measure the thermal conductivity of CH and Be in this regime and find discrepancies with existing models, suggesting the need for improvement in transport models to enhance the understanding of inertial confinement fusion.
COMMUNICATIONS PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
B. Lahmann, A. M. Saunders, T. Doppner, J. A. Frenje, S. H. Glenzer, M. Gatu-Johnson, G. Sutcliffe, A. B. Zylstra, R. D. Petrasso
Summary: A platform has been developed to measure accurately the stopping power of high-energy protons in warm dense matter (WDM) plasmas using x-ray Thomson scattering. In this study, stopping power measurements were successfully conducted in both WDM beryllium and boron plasmas. An increase in stopping power was observed in the boron experiments compared to their cold target counterparts, which agreed well with models accounting for the partial ionization of the plasma.
PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Joshua P. Hinz, Valentin V. Karasiev, S. X. Hu, Deyan I. Mihaylov
Summary: In this paper, Delta learning is used to map orbital-free density functional theory (DFT) ionic forces to the corresponding Kohn-Sham (KS) DFT ionic forces. The approximate force difference in terms of the ion positions is developed and acts as a substitute for the ground truth force difference. Descriptor vectors are constructed for ion configurations using all distances between ions and an indexing based on nearest neighbor ranking. It is demonstrated that this descriptor scheme can uniquely describe an ionic configuration up to rotation and reflection when there is no ambiguity in the nearest neighbor ranking. The handling of ambiguous nearest neighbor ranking is also discussed. As a proof of principle, the model is trained and tested on warm dense hydrogen at temperatures ranging from 1 to 15 eV. After testing, the model is used to perform molecular dynamic simulations of warm dense hydrogen, with resulting energies and pressures within 1-2% of their respective target KS values.
PHYSICAL REVIEW MATERIALS
(2023)
Correction
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bruce A. Remington, Park Hye-Sook, Daniel T. Casey, Robert M. Cavallo, Daniel S. Clark, Daniel H. Kalantar, Carolyn C. Kuranz, Aaron R. Miles, Sabrina R. Nagel, Kumar S. Raman, Christopher E. Wehrenberg, Vladimir A. Smalyuk
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
R. M. N. Goshadze, Valentin V. Karasiev, D. I. Mihaylov, S. X. Hu
Summary: To date, none of the ab initio molecular dynamics simulations using the standard ground-state exchange-correlation (XC) functional in density-functional theory for polystyrene have successfully matched experimental reflectivity measurements. However, by incorporating thermal and inhomogeneity effects using T-SCAN-L and KDT0 XC density functionals, accurate predictions of structural evolution and corresponding insulator-metal transition (IMT) during shock compression are achieved. The calculated optical reflectivity, which serves as an indicator of IMT, matches perfectly with experimental data.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Z. L. Mohamed, Y. Kim, J. P. Knauer, M. S. Rubery
Summary: A fused silica Cherenkov detector was used to measure DT gammas in direct-drive cryogenic experiments. The detector was calibrated using a 4.4 MeV gamma from carbon. The measurement resulted in a ground state only gamma-to-neutron branching ratio lower than accelerator-based measurements.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
S. X. Hu, L. Ceurvorst, J. L. Peebles, A. Mao, P. Li, Y. Lu, A. Shvydky, V. N. Goncharov, R. Epstein, K. A. Nichols, R. M. N. Goshadze, M. Ghosh, J. Hinz, V. V. Karasiev, S. Zhang, N. R. Shaffer, D. I. Mihaylov, J. Cappelletti, D. R. Harding, C. K. Li, E. M. Campbell, R. C. Shah, T. J. B. Collins, S. P. Regan, C. Deeney
Summary: Through 1D and 2D simulations, laser-direct-drive fusion targets with high-density pusher shells and Au-coated foam layers (GDPS targets) were found to have advantages in stability and compression velocity, leading to high energy output and neutron yield. By mitigating the CBET effect, ignition and energy gain of these targets exhibit robustness.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
K. A. Nichols, S. X. Hu, A. J. White, V. N. Goncharov, D. I. Mihaylov, L. A. Collins, N. R. Shaffer, V. V. Karasiev
Summary: This article focuses on the importance of nonlocal electron transport and proposes improvements to current models in order to accurately predict electron conduction in inertial confinement fusion simulations. The authors utilized time-dependent density functional theory to calculate the electron stopping power in polystyrene plasmas and developed a global analytical model for electron stopping range. The model was implemented in simulations of laser-direct-drive ICF implosions.