On black hole spectroscopy via adiabatic invariance

In this Letter, we obtain the black hole spectroscopy by combining the black hole property of adiabaticity and the oscillating velocity of the black hole horizon. This velocity is obtained in the tunneling framework. In particular, we declare, if requiring canonical invariance, the adiabatic invariant quantity should be of the covariant form I-adia = closed integral p(i)dq(i). Using it, the horizon area of a Schwarzschild black hole is quantized independently of the choice of coordinates, with an equally spaced spectroscopy always given by Delta A = 8 pi l(p)(2) in the Schwarzschild and Painleve coordinates. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.