Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
David Bekaert, Esteban Gazel, Stephen Turner, Mark D. Behn, J. Marten de Moor, Sabin Zahirovic, Vlad C. Manea, Kaj Hoernle, Tobias P. Fischer, Alexander Hammerstrom, Alan M. Seltzer, Justin T. Kulongoski, Bina S. Patel, Matthew O. Schrenk, Saemundur A. Halldorsson, Mayuko Nakagawa, Carlos J. Ramirez, John A. Krantz, Mustafa Yucel, Christopher J. Ballentine, Donato Giovannelli, Karen G. Lloyd, Peter H. Barry
Summary: Mantle plumes are known conduits for upwelling enriched material, but the extent of lateral flow processes dispersing mantle material far from vertical conduits remains unclear. Data from hydrothermal fluids in Central America show high He-3/He-4 values in Panama, likely derived from a Galapagos plume-like mantle infiltrating through a slab window. These findings suggest the potential for lateral mantle flow to transport geochemical heterogeneities over long distances.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sara Giarrusso, Roeland Neugarten, Evert Jan Baerends, Klaas J. H. Giesbertz
Summary: In this study, we consider a prototypical 1D model Hamiltonian for a stretched heteronuclear molecule and investigate the characteristics of its individual components. We find that these components exhibit peaks and steps in regions with very low density. By analyzing an analytical model, we explain the underlying mechanism behind these characteristics and evaluate the validity of the model at large but finite internuclear distance.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Kothandapani Muthuvel, Panumart Sawangtong, Kalimuthu Kaliraj
Summary: The aim of this research is to analyze the relative controllability and Ulamn-Hyers stability of the ?-Caputo fractional neutral delay differential system. The authors use neutral ?-delayed perturbation of the Mitttag-Leffler matrix function and Banach contraction principle to examine the Ulamn-Hyers stability. They also formulate the Grammian matrix to establish the controllability results and employ the fixed-point technique to establish the sufficient conditions for the relative controllability of a semilinear ?-Caputo neutral fractional system. Finally, an application is provided to validate the theoretical study.
FRACTAL AND FRACTIONAL
(2023)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dafne Carolina Arias-Perdomo, Adriano Cherchiglia, Brigitte Hiller, Marcos Sampaio
Summary: Quantum Field Theory serves as the cornerstone of particle physics and provides great insight into understanding the core of Nature. However, it faces divergent quantities in calculations due to local interactions, necessitating regularization/renormalization. Implicit Regularization, based on physical dimensions, complies with the BPHZ theorem for unitarity and locality at arbitrary loop order, demonstrating its compatibility with gauge symmetry in QCD and QED through one- and two-loop examples.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kimichika Fukushima
Summary: This paper introduces an excited-state theorem that shows the correspondence between electronic density and state vectors under different external potentials, extending the Kohn-Sham formalism to excited states. It also presents the derivation of all time-dependent state vectors within the DFT framework and includes numerical calculations for simple cases.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS
(2022)
Letter
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Q. Ye, J. Cocks, F. X. Machu, Q. A. Wang
Summary: This article aims to prove the absolute validity of the second law of thermodynamics as a fundamental law of physics. By revisiting the history of the second law and highlighting its connection with the law of energy conservation, the article demonstrates that the perpetual motion machine of the second kind violates the first law of thermodynamics, contradicting common belief. The article emphasizes that denying the second law also denies the law of energy conservation, undermining all fundamental laws of physics and chemistry. Finally, the article presents a perspective on the interpretation of the second law, taking into account the multiplicity of paths of random motion.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL PLUS
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Damjan Glavac, Miranda Mladinic, Jelena Ban, Graciela L. Mazzone, Cynthia Samano, Ivana Tomljanovic, Gregor Jezernik, Metka Ravnik-Glavac
Summary: Neurodegenerative diseases, including ALS, pose a significant burden on modern medicine with limited treatment options. Recent advancements in understanding the genetic mutations and molecular pathways associated with ALS offer potential for new treatments and diagnostic procedures.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Operations Research & Management Science
Nicole Baeuerle, Alexander Glauner
Summary: The paper investigates robust Markov decision processes with Borel state and action spaces, unbounded cost, and finite time horizon, leading to a Stackelberg game against nature. It derives a robust cost iteration and value iteration under certain assumptions, showing the existence of deterministic optimal policies for both players. Additionally, it explores cases where the robust optimization problem coincides with the minimization of a coherent risk measure in specific scenarios.
MATHEMATICS OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Michal Fila, Anna Sobczuk, Elzbieta Pawlowska, Janusz Blasiak
Summary: Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of migraine. The regulation of CGRP through epigenetic modifications can improve the efficacy and reduce the side effects of migraine therapy. CGRP expression is influenced by DNA methylation, histone modification, and miRNAs, while CGRP itself can alter the epigenetic profile of neuronal and glial cells. Further research is needed to explore the epigenetic connections of CGRP for efficient and safe antimigraine therapy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Yang Xu, Haibin Kan, Guangyue Han
Summary: This paper re-examines Wei's duality theorem and its extensions from a new Galois connection perspective. The central result is a general Wei-type duality theorem for two Galois connections between finite subsets of Z, from which all the known Wei-type duality theorems can be recovered. The paper also proves new Wei-type duality theorems for w-demi-matroids and w-demi-polymatroids, allowing for the unification and generalization of the known Wei-type duality theorems for codes endowed with various metrics.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION THEORY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Phillip C. Lotshaw, Michael E. Kellman
Summary: A model computational quantum thermodynamic network shows that baths can reach thermal equilibrium at different energies and temperatures, with heat flowing from cold to hot. The quantum entropy S-univ(Q) continues to increase after passing through the classical equilibrium point of equal temperatures, reaching a maximum at the asymmetric equilibrium, in contrast to the von Neumann entropy description which fails to uphold the entropy law.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Raphael Rousseau-Rizzi, Timothy M. Merlis, Nadir Jeevanjee
Summary: This article introduces the different definitions and equivalence of potential intensity (PI) theory for tropical cyclones, analyzes the conditions that lead to this equivalence, and strengthens the credibility of previous PI calculations based on convective available potential energy (CAPE) through numerical calculations and physical interpretation.
JOURNAL OF CLIMATE
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Feng Zhang, Jin Wang
Summary: Strong nonequilibrium conditions often lead to dissipative chaos, but the connection between dissipative chaos and nonequilibrium remains unclear. In this study, we investigate this connection from the perspective of the nonequilibrium potential-flux landscape. The dynamics of nonequilibrium systems are influenced by the potential landscape associated with the steady-state probability distribution, as well as the probability flow that breaks detailed balance. Quantitative analysis using the Lorenz strange attractor model demonstrates a close relationship between the kinematic measures of dissipative chaos and the degree of nonequilibrium. This research reveals the dynamic and thermodynamic origins of dissipative chaos beyond nonlinearity and offers a new understanding of phase transitions in nonequilibrium systems.
Article
Mathematics
Guram Donadze, Xabier Garcia-Martinez
Summary: This paper generalizes Schur's theorem and Baer's theorem using novel methods related to non-abelian tensor product, proving a version of these theorems for finitely generated groups. The newly obtained results are then applied to describe the k-nilpotent multiplier and other invariants of groups.
MATHEMATISCHE NACHRICHTEN
(2021)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Antonio M. Peralta
Summary: We prove that bijections preserving triple transition pseudo probabilities between the sets of minimal tripotents of two atomic JBW*-triples automatically preserve orthogonality in both directions. Consequently, each such bijection is the restriction of a (complex-)linear triple isomorphism between the corresponding JBW*-triples. This result can be seen as a triple version of Wigner theorem for Wigner symmetries on the posets of minimal projections in B(H). We also present a Tingley type theorem by showing that every surjective isometry between the sets of minimal tripotents in two atomic JBW*-triples admits an extension to a real linear surjective isometry between these two JBW*-triples. We also show that the class of surjective isometries between the sets of minimal tripotents in two atomic JBW*-triples is generally strictly wider than the set of bijections preserving triple transition pseudo probabilities.
RESULTS IN MATHEMATICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Tinggui Chen, Baizhan Xia, Dejie Yu, Chuanxing Bi
Summary: This study proposes a gradient phononic crystal structure for enhanced acoustic sensing. By breaking the symmetry of the PC structure, topologically protected edge states are introduced, resulting in topological acoustic rainbow trapping. The robustness and enhancement properties are verified numerically and experimentally.