Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Cheng-Jun Xia, Toshiki Maruyama, Nobutoshi Yasutake, Toshitaka Tatsumi, Ying-Xun Zhang
Summary: Realistic estimations on the elastic properties of neutron star matter are carried out with the relativistic-mean-field model and Thomas-Fermi approximation. Various crystalline configurations are considered, and the validity of assuming Coulomb crystals for the droplet phase above neutron drip density is confirmed. Analytic formulae derived from the incompressible liquid-drop model give a good description for the rod phase at small densities but overestimate the elastic constants at larger densities. The elastic properties of neutron star matter are distinctively different for different values of the nuclear symmetry energy slope.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Pasquale Catzeddu, Simonetta Fois, Valentina Tolu, Manuela Sanna, Angela Braca, Ilaria Vitangeli, Roberto Anedda, Tonina Roggio
Summary: The use of sourdough in pasta can improve its sensory and nutritional properties, prevent lipid oxidation, and extend its shelf life.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Vishal Parmar, H. C. Das, Ankit Kumar, Ankit Kumar, M. K. Sharma, P. Arumugam, S. K. Patra
Summary: The properties of pasta structures and their influence on neutron star observables are studied using the effective relativistic mean-field (E-RMF) model. The results show that the majority of the pasta properties are sensitive to the symmetry energy in the subsaturation density region. The shear modulus of the crust and the frequency of torsional oscillation mode in the inner crust are estimated using Monte Carlo simulations. The global properties of the neutron star, such as mass-radius profile, moment of inertia, and fractional crustal moment of inertia, are also calculated and found to be consistent with observational and theoretical constraints.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ye Tao, Yi-Chin Lee, Haolin Liu, Xiaoxiao Zhang, Jianxun Cui, Catherine Mondoa, Mahnoush Babaei, Jasio Santillan, Guanyun Wang, Danli Luo, Di Liu, Humphrey Yang, Youngwook Do, Lingyun Sun, Wen Wang, Teng Zhang, Lining Yao
Summary: By leveraging stresses and diffusion effects, a transient morphing effect can be achieved in structures with parametric surface grooves, transforming flat objects into designed three-dimensional shapes. By tuning the grooving pattern, both zero and nonzero Gaussian curvature geometries can be achieved, improving food manufacturing efficiency and sustainable packaging.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Andrea Bresciani, Gianluca Giuberti, Mariasole Cervini, Alessandra Marti
Summary: The effects of conventional extrusion and extrusion-cooking on 100% yellow lentils pasta showed improvements in cooking quality, with EC producing pasta with higher compression energy and starch gelatinization compared to CV.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Tommaso Fantechi, Caterina Contini, Leonardo Casini
Summary: Spirulina, a microalgae with high nutritional value and environmental friendliness, has significant market potential. A study found that there is a consumer segment interested in spirulina-based pasta and willing to pay an additional cost.
ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xinying Suo, Ana Carolina Mosca, Nicoletta Pellegrini, Elena Vittadini
Summary: The study reveals that the shape and presence of gluten in pasta not only affect the texture, but also influence chewing behavior, with gluten increasing mastication effort and smaller shapes possibly triggering swallowing before adequate chewing.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Andrea Bresciani, Maria Ambrogina Pagani, Alessandra Marti
Summary: This review article investigates the challenges in the pasta-making process and analyzes the impact of processing variables on pasta quality, as well as identifies unknown factors that need to be studied.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
U. J. Furtado, S. S. Avancini, J. R. Marinelli
Summary: Pairing effects in non-uniform nuclear matter, specifically in the early stage of protoneutron stars and under other conditions, are investigated. The study focuses on the so-called nuclear pasta phases at subsaturation densities, surrounded by electrons. Solving this problem is crucial for understanding the physics of a newly-formed neutron star after a supernova explosion. The results indicate that the pasta phase is more stable than uniform nuclear matter under certain conditions, and the relevance of pairing forces in determining these stable phases is examined.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Nuclear
H. Dinh Thi, A. F. Fantina, F. Gulminelli
Summary: Nuclear pasta, characterized by non-spherical clustered structures in an inhomogeneous distribution of nuclear matter, is expected to occur in a narrow spatial region at the bottom of the inner crust of neutron stars. Bayesian inference was used to analyze constraints on the sub-saturation energy functional and surface tension. The study extracted the most influential parameters for calculating the pasta phases and highlighted the important role of high-order empirical parameters and surface tension.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL A
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Ambra Bonciolini, Carolina Cantele, Nicolo Ivan Salgarella, Giuseppe Zeppa, Marta Bertolino, Vladimiro Cardenia
Summary: In this study, the effect of two tannins (ellagic acid ester tannin A and gallic acid ester tannin B) on egg pasta was tested. Tannin B increased the total phenolic content in fresh pasta and also increased the presence of cholesterol in the cooking water. Tannin B was also found to reduce the content of cholesterol oxidation products in fresh egg pasta.
FOOD AND BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Cheng-Jun Xia, Toshiki Maruyama, Nobutoshi Yasutake, Toshitaka Tatsumi
Summary: In this study, nuclear pasta structures at high temperatures are investigated using a relativistic mean field model with Thomas-Fermi approximation. Different crystalline configurations of pasta structures are obtained, and their properties are examined. It is found that different structures can evolve into each other, with small differences in the free energies per baryon.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Giuseppe Di Pede, Rossella Dodi, Cecilia Scarpa, Furio Brighenti, Margherita Dall'Asta, Francesca Scazzina
Summary: Durum wheat pasta is considered a low-glycemic index (GI) food, but there is high variability among different categories. Formulating enriched pasta products can improve their nutritional value.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Maria Cristina Messia, Francesca Cuomo, Luisa Falasca, Maria Carmela Trivisonno, Elisa De Arcangelis, Emanuele Marconi
Summary: A combination of various high-protein raw materials can improve the biological value of pasta proteins, resulting in high-protein pasta with excellent cooking properties.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Amreetpal Kaur, Arashdeep Singh, Antima Gupta, Vijay Kumar Reddy Surasani, Salwinder Singh Dhaliwal
Summary: The study investigated the use of aquatic fern (Azolla sp.) powder as a non-conventional protein source in semolina pasta. Different levels of Azolla powder (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 per 100 g) were added to the pasta and its quality was evaluated. Increasing the Azolla powder content in the pasta resulted in longer cooking time, higher cooking loss, and decreased swelling index. The in vitro protein digestibility of the pasta ranged from 75.32%±0.95% to 82.85%±1.42%. Higher levels of Azolla powder significantly increased the firmness of the pasta and reduced its lightness and overall whiteness values. Sensory acceptability decreased with higher levels of Azolla powder, with the highest acceptability observed for pasta supplemented with 5% and 10% Azolla powder.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Shuai Zha, Evan P. O'Connor, Andre da Silva Schneider
Summary: This study investigates the effects of a hadron-quark phase transition on core-collapse supernovae leading to the formation of black holes. By simulating 21 progenitor models, it is found that the bounce compactness parameter determines the outcome, with second collapse or immediate black hole formation occurring depending on the parameter value. Neutrino signals from oscillations could serve as a strong indicator of the phase transition in failing CCSNe, but shock revival is not observed in the simulations, leading inevitably to black hole formation.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
C. J. Horowitz, M. E. Caplan
Summary: Research suggests that as a white dwarf starts to crystallize, the first solids formed may be highly enriched in actinides, potentially leading to a fission chain reaction and ignition of carbon burning, resulting in a thermonuclear supernova explosion. This mechanism could offer an explanation for supernovae with sub-Chandrasekhar ejecta masses and short delay times.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Brendan T. Reed, F. J. Fattoyev, C. J. Horowitz, J. Piekarewicz
Summary: Laboratory experiments sensitive to the equation of state of neutron rich matter in the vicinity of nuclear saturation density provide crucial data connecting terrestrial experiments to astronomical observations. The neutron skin thickness of Pb-208 further constrains the density dependence of the symmetry energy. The impact of a stiff symmetry energy on critical neutron-star observables is studied.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Brendan T. Reed, Alex Deibel, C. J. Horowitz
Summary: Searches for continuous gravitational waves from unknown Galactic neutron stars provide limits on the shapes of neutron stars. Using a simple model of the spatial and spin distribution of Galactic neutron stars, the total number of neutron stars probed can be estimated, aiding in optimizing future searches with improved sensitivity. Third-generation GW detectors may greatly increase the number of neutron stars probed to a given ellipticity.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Oliver Eggenberger Andersen, Shuai Zha, Andre da Silva Schneider, Aurore Betranhandy, Sean M. Couch, Evan P. O'Connor
Summary: Gravitational waves provide insights into the birthplace of neutron stars and black holes in core-collapse supernovae. This study investigates the impact of EOS parameters on the dynamics of CCSNe simulations and finds that the effective mass of nucleons plays a crucial role in determining the peak frequency of GWs. The faster contraction of PNS for higher values of m leads to more compact PNSs, earlier explosions, and stronger GW amplitudes via accretion plumes.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
D. Adhikari, H. Albataineh, D. Androic, K. Aniol, D. S. Armstrong, T. Averett, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, S. Barcus, V. Bellini, R. S. Beminiwattha, J. F. Benesch, H. Bhatt, D. Bhatta Pathak, D. Bhetuwal, B. Blaikie, J. Boyd, Q. Campagna, A. Camsonne, G. D. Cates, Y. Chen, C. Clarke, J. C. Cornejo, S. Covrig Dusa, M. M. Dalton, P. Datta, A. Deshpande, D. Dutta, C. Feldman, E. Fuchey, C. Gal, D. Gaskell, T. Gautam, M. Gericke, C. Ghosh, I. Halilovic, J. -O. Hansen, F. Hauenstein, W. Henry, C. J. Horowitz, C. Jantzi, S. Jian, S. Johnston, D. C. Jones, B. Karki, S. Kakkar, S. Katugampola, C. E. Keppel, P. M. King, D. E. King, M. Knauss, K. S. Kumar, T. Kutz, N. Lashley-Colthirst, G. Leverick, H. Liu, N. Liyange, S. Malace, J. Mammei, R. Mammei, M. McCaughan, D. McNulty, D. Meekins, C. Metts, R. Michaels, M. Mihovilovic, M. M. Mondal, J. Napolitano, D. Nikolaev, M. N. H. Rashad, V. Owen, C. Palatchi, J. Pan, B. Pandey, S. Park, K. D. Paschke, M. Petrusky, M. L. Pitt, S. Premathilake, A. J. R. Puckett, B. Quinn, R. Radloff, S. Rahman, A. Rathnayake, B. T. Reed, P. E. Reimer, R. Richards, S. Riordan, Y. Roblin, S. Seeds, A. Shahinyan, P. A. Souder, L. Tang, M. Thiel, Y. Tian, G. M. Urciuoli, E. W. Wertz, B. Wojtsekhowski, W. Xiong, B. Yale, T. Ye, A. Zec, W. Zhang, J. Zhang, X. Zheng
Summary: Precision determinations of the beam-normal single spin asymmetries (A(n)) in the elastic scattering of 0.95 and 2.18 GeV electrons off C-12, Ca-40, Ca-48, and Pb-208 were reported. The measurement results for Ca-40 and Ca-48 are similar to that of C-12, consistent with expectations and validating the theoretical calculations for nuclei with Z ≤ 20. However, the A(n) measurements for Pb-208 show significant disagreement with the results for Z ≤ 20 nuclei, indicating the need for further investigation.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
C. J. Horowitz
Summary: A new mechanism involving nuclear fission chain reactions in a white dwarf has been proposed, which could lead to thermonuclear ignition and the production of a Type Ia supernova or other astrophysical transients.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
J. A. Morales, C. J. Horowitz
Summary: Non-axisymmetrical deformations of the crust on rapidly rotating neutron stars can generate continuous gravitational waves, with a maximum ellipticity of 7.4 x 10(-6).
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Andre da Silva Schneider, Evan O'Connor
Summary: Some massive stars that fail to undergo core-collapse supernovae can become black holes. Even though the supernova shock is not revived, the outer stellar envelope can still be partially ejected due to disruptions in the star's hydrodynamic equilibrium caused by the gravitational mass loss of the protoneutron star. A parameterized model was developed to emulate the evolution of the protoneutron star and its neutrino emission, allowing for simulations of failed core-collapse supernovae and the study of mass ejection. These simulations provide insights into the characteristics of the progenitor stars, equation of state of dense matter, and properties of the protoneutron star at the time of black hole formation.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Ananya Bandopadhyay, Brendan Reed, Surendra Padamata, Erick Leon, C. J. Horowitz, Duncan A. Brown, David Radice, F. J. Fattoyev, J. Piekarewicz
Summary: We investigate the detectability of gravitational-wave signals from subsolar-mass binary neutron star systems using current ground-based detectors. Finite size effects and lower merger frequencies of neutron stars significantly impact the sensitivity of these detectors. By simulating a matched-filter search with injected signals, we calculate the reduction in sensitivity and obtain an upper limit on the merger rate. The discovery of low-mass neutron stars would provide new insights into their formation mechanisms and constrain dense nuclear matter.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Alex Deibel, M. E. Caplan, C. J. Horowitz
Summary: Scientists simulated the reaction network of actinide-rich solids in a cooling white dwarf and found that under moderate uranium enrichment, neutron capture can breed additional fissile nuclei, leading to the fission of a significant fraction of U and Th nuclei during the chain reaction.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Rahul Kashyap, Abhishek Das, David Radice, Surendra Padamata, Aviral Prakash, Domenico Logoteta, Albino Perego, Daniel A. Godzieba, Sebastiano Bernuzzi, Ignazio Bombaci, Farrukh J. Fattoyev, Brendan T. Reed, Andre da Silva Schneider
Summary: In this study, we use a large number of numerical relativity simulations to determine the threshold mass for the formation of prompt black holes in equal-mass neutron star mergers. We also investigate the relationship between this threshold mass and various equations of state and neutron star properties. By combining this information with observational data, we are able to derive constraints on the radii and tidal deformability of neutron stars. Furthermore, we discuss how future observations can further refine our understanding of the properties of matter using the method proposed in this work.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
M. E. Caplan, I. F. Freeman, C. J. Horowitz, A. Cumming, E. P. Bellinger
Summary: This study suggests that white dwarfs may have inner cores made of iron which separate into mesoscopic crystallites. The associated cooling delays could be up to a Gyr for low-mass white dwarfs but are only around 0.1 Gyr for massive white dwarfs. The heating from this mechanism is insufficient to fully explain certain phenomena.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Nuclear
M. E. Caplan, C. R. Forsman, A. S. Schneider
Summary: This study investigated the properties of nuclear pasta phases at high temperatures using molecular dynamics simulations and Minkowski functionals to analyze surface characteristics and their relationship with temperature, revealing an increase in surface displacement amplitude with temperature. By calculating the static structure factor and reporting shear viscosity and thermal conductivity, it was found that shear viscosity is minimized at the melting temperature.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
C. J. Horowitz, J. Piekarewicz, Brendan Reed
