Absence of Luttinger's Theorem due to Zeros in the Single-Particle Green Function

We show exactly with an SUd(N) interacting model that even if the ambiguity associated with the placement of the chemical potential, mu, for a T = 0 gapped system is removed by using the unique value mu(T -> 0), Luttinger's sum rule is violated even if the ground-state degeneracy is lifted by an infinitesimal hopping. The failure stems from the nonexistence of the Luttinger-Ward functional for a system in which the self-energy diverges. Since it is the existence of the Luttinger-Ward functional that is the basis for Luttinger's theorem which relates the charge density to sign changes of the single-particle Green function, no such theorem exists. Experimental data on the cuprates are presented which show a systematic deviation from the Luttinger count, implying a breakdown of the electron quasiparticle picture in strongly correlated electron matter. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.090403