Article
Engineering, Ocean
Aristos Christou, Zhihua Xie, Thorsten Stoesser, Pablo Ouro
Summary: In this study, the Hydro3D in-house large-eddy simulation code was refined to investigate wave structure interaction. The code accurately simulated solitary waves generation and propagation in a numerical wave tank, as well as wave interaction with both infinitely wide and finite square plates. Three-dimensional effects, such as span-wise flow and unique flow structures near the plate, were identified, along with variations in hydrodynamic forces and free-surface elevations when the plate is fixed at different angles of attack.
APPLIED OCEAN RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Marine
Elpidoforos Repousis, Ioannis Roupas, Constantine Memos
Summary: This study focuses on predicting the technical efficiency of narrow-crested submerged permeable rubble-mound breakwaters in terms of wave attenuation. Through physical modelling and data analysis, it was found that the wave breaking mechanism significantly affects wave energy dissipation and can be directly linked to the wave transmission coefficient for a given structure's geometry and sea state.
JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Sherif Madkour, Marcel Gawek, Andreas Hertwig, Andreas Schoenhals
Summary: The thermodynamic behavior of thin PVME films with an irreversible adsorbed layer on the substrate was studied. Various techniques, including leaching, AFM, ellipsometry, and dielectric spectroscopy, were used to investigate growth kinetics, critical film thickness, influence on glass transition temperature, and molecular dynamics of the adsorbed layer. The study revealed strong percolation effects of the adsorbed layer on thin films.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Tobias Reiker, Zitong Liu, Carsten Winter, Nils Fabian Kleimeier, Deqing Zhang, Helmut Zacharias
Summary: Conjugated polymers based on DPP, combined with different donors, were studied for electronically excited state lifetimes and charge transport properties using time-resolved spectroscopy. After annealing, the ultrafast decay of electrons extended, possibly connected with improved charge transport in the film.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Marco De Corato, Daniele Tammaro, Pier Luca Maffettone, Norberto Fueyo
Summary: In this study, we investigate the retraction of a circular thin film coated with insoluble surfactants after being punctured. Our simulations show that the presence of surfactants slows down the retraction rate and introduces oscillations. As the surface elasticity increases, the film thickness perturbations spread over a larger area. Additionally, the surface perturbations travel faster than the retracting edge of the film at a speed proportional to the Gibbs modulus, approaching the behavior of an incompressible two-dimensional solid for large Gibbs modulus values.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Xiang Wang, Minhang Song, Shuiqing Li, Yun Huang
Summary: In this study, bubble formation behaviors, such as volume, diameter, and velocity, were systematically investigated in a single submerged micro-capillary test bed. The experimental results established a force model for the bubble forming process and found that the formed bubble turned out to be elliptical and independent of the gas flow rate. Additionally, the bubble velocity quickly reached the highest level, then decreased, and eventually became stable (0.02-0.1 m/s). By analyzing the bubble forces, it was found that pressure force, surface tension force, and buoyancy force played different roles in different bubble formation processes.
Article
Mechanics
C. R. Constante-Amores, L. Kahouadji, S. Shin, J. Chergui, D. Juric, J. R. Castrejon-Pita, O. K. Matar, A. A. Castrejon-Pita
Summary: We investigate the influence of insoluble surfactants on the impact of surfactant-free droplets onto surfactant-laden thin liquid films using a three-dimensional numerical simulation approach. Our results show that the presence of surfactants affects the late stages of the dynamics by delaying the end-pinching mechanisms, resulting in longer ligaments. We also demonstrate that the addition of surfactants leads to surface rigidification and retards the flow dynamics.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Oliver R. Stockdale, Matthew T. Reeves, Matthew J. Davis
Summary: This study characterizes vortex pinning mechanisms in a superfluid thin film described by the two-dimensional Gross-Pitaevskii equation. Two different dynamical pinning mechanisms are identified, and it is found that pinning potentials on the order of the healing length are more effective in capturing vortices.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Tianren Zhang, Ning Wang, Robert A. Riggleman
Summary: This study investigates the mechanical properties of glassy block copolymer thin films using molecular dynamic simulations. The results show that films with fingerprint morphologies have higher toughness compared to homopolymers and oriented lamellar films, due to the increase in randomness of domain orientations and entanglements.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Dong-Su Park, Kyoung-Su Park
Summary: In this study, a numerical simulation model was used to investigate the application of high-frequency vibration-assisted coatings in controlling surface wettability, with experimental results validating the reliability of the simulation model and deriving the equation governing wettability modification.
RESULTS IN PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Hrachya Kocharyan, Nikhil Karanjgaokar
Summary: The study found that the drag effects on 2D granular crystals immersed in various fluids result in higher wave attenuation, with the coefficient of attenuation increasing with viscosity but unexpectedly decreasing in the highest viscosity fluids. Additionally, the ratio of kinetic energy to strain energy for immersed granular crystals initially decreases with viscosity but increases again for the fluids with the highest viscosities.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Inho Song, Liyan You, Ke Chen, Won-June Lee, Jianguo Mei
Summary: Homogeneous chiral electrochromics using chiral assembly of conjugated polymers have been developed through a transient solidification process with molecular chiral templates. The circular dichroism can be tuned by adjusting the doping level of the electrochemically active polymer films. The differential circularly polarized transmission in the chiral see-through display can make a well-resolved color change, demonstrating proof-of-concept devices for information encryption.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Utkarsh Anand, Tanmay Ghosh, Zainul Aabdin, Siddardha Koneti, XiuMei Xu, Frank Holsteyns, Utkur Mirsaidov
Summary: Researchers have found that the wetting process of water on a surface patterned with a dense array of nanopillars occurs in two stages: first, an ultra-thin precursor water film forms on the surface, and then capillary action by the nanopillars pulls the water, increasing the overall thickness of the water film.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Saloni Sharma, Kanchan L. Singh, Mukesh Kumar, Sangeeta Prasher
Summary: Freestanding thin films of polyaniline (PANI) with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were synthesized and studied for variations in structural, optical, and thermal properties with changing PANI concentration in the composites. Various analyses like Fourier transform infrared spectra, XRD, and SEM micrographs showed interactions between polymeric entities and morphological changes. The properties of the composites changed gradually with increasing PANI concentration.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Christian Lacroix, Kaan Oguz, John Michael David Coey, David Menard
Summary: The substitution of iron atoms by chromium in CoFeB films has been proposed to reduce the critical current density J(c) for current-driven magnetization switching in spin transfer torque devices by reducing its magnetization. The effect of Cr on the magnetic damping has been investigated through ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) measurements. It was found that introducing Cr increases the spin-orbit damping while reducing the magnetic relaxation rate. Additionally, the presence of Cr inhibits internal fluctuations of the magnetization, reducing the two-magnon damping.
Article
Biology
Luke T. McDonald, Suresh Narayanan, Alec Sandy, Vinodkumar Saranathan, Maria E. McNamara
Article
Polymer Science
Christopher L. Soles, Adam B. Burns, Kanae Ito, Edwin Chan, Jianwei Liu, Albert F. Yee, Madhu Sudan Tyagi
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Qingteng Zhang, Eric M. Dufresne, Yasukazu Nakaye, Pete R. Jemian, Takuto Sakumura, Yasutaka Sakuma, Joseph D. Ferrara, Piotr Maj, Asra Hassan, Divya Bahadur, Subramanian Ramakrishnan, Faisal Khan, Sinisa Veseli, Alec R. Sandy, Nicholas Schwarz, Suresh Narayanan
Summary: The performance of the new 52 kHz frame rate Rigaku XSPA-500k detector for X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) applications was characterized at the Argonne Advanced Photon Source. A workflow system was deployed to handle the large data flow produced by the detector, allowing for rapid data reduction and providing human-in-the-loop feedback to experimenters. The XSPA-500k detector, software, and DM workflow system enable efficient acquisition and reduction of up to approximately 10^9 area-detector data frames per day, facilitating XPCS measurements on samples with weak scattering and fast dynamics.
JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Christopher L. Soles, Adam B. Burns, Kanae Ito, Edwin P. Chan, Jack F. Douglas, Jinhuang Wu, Albert F. Yee, Yueh-Ting Shih, Liping Huang, Robert M. Dimeo, Madhusudan Tyagi
Summary: This study investigates the connection between fast relaxation processes in a polymer glass and mechanical toughness, revealing a change in nanoscale dynamical processes during the brittle-to-ductile transition that leads to increased material toughness. The appearance of anharmonicity on a picosecond time scale is found to coincide with the onset of ductility, highlighting the importance of fast anharmonic molecular motions for energy dissipation. Brillouin light scattering measurements show a concomitant upturn in Poisson's ratio near the brittle-to-ductile transition, indicating a relation between dynamic heterogeneities and yield mechanisms.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Vladimir P. Oleshko, Eddie Chang, Chad R. Snyder, Christopher L. Soles, Saya Takeuchi, Tristan S. Kleine, Philip T. Dirlam, Jeffrey Pyun
Summary: This study investigates the enhanced cathodes for Li-S batteries with sulfur-MoS2 composites, revealing that 3D interfacial structures are critical in maintaining cathode integrity, electrocatalytic binding of polysulfides, and reducing charge transfer resistance during cycling. The research demonstrates the importance of mechanically activated defective 2H-MoS2 particulates and aggregated conducting nanocarbons in achieving the remarkable performance of extended cycle lifetimes and high reversible capacity.
MRS COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Vinodkumar Saranathan, Suresh Narayanan, Alec Sandy, Eric R. Dufresne, Richard O. Prum
Summary: Vivid structural colors are important in animals, with invertebrates having diverse three-dimensional photonic nanostructures in their exoskeletons. Bird feathers also possess photonic nanostructures, with blue-winged leafbirds having unique photonic crystal networks in their barbs. These avian photonic crystals could provide inspiration for multifunctional applications, offering efficient routes to single gyroid synthesis at optical length scales.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shawn H. Chen, Amanda J. Souna, Stephan J. Stranick, Mayank Jhalaria, Sanat K. Kumar, Christopher L. Soles, Edwin P. Chan
Summary: In this study, a new paradigm for controlling toughness at high deformation rates in a polymer-grafted nanoparticle composite system is demonstrated, where toughness peaks right before reaching full entanglement, a phenomenon that cannot be explained solely by the entanglement concept. The coupling of segmental dynamics with the entanglement concept enhances toughness at high deformation rates, providing novel insights for the design of composite materials.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Marcos A. Reyes-Martinez, Edwin P. Chan, Christopher L. Soles, Endao Han, Kieran A. Murphy, Heinrich M. Jaeger, Daniel R. Reid, Juan J. de Pablo
Summary: Disordered-Network Mechanical Materials (DNMM) are mechanical metamaterials that offer fine control over their mechanical properties. This study demonstrates through experiments that pruning a disordered network can alter its macroscopic dynamic mechanical response and its capacity to mitigate impact.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
D. Sheyfer, Michael J. Servis, Qingteng Zhang, J. Lal, T. Loeffler, E. M. Dufresne, A. R. Sandy, S. Narayanan, Subramanian K. R. S. Sankaranarayanan, R. Szczygiel, P. Maj, L. Soderholm, Mark R. Antonio, G. B. Stephenson
Summary: This study explores the applicability of critical phenomena theory in understanding the phase behavior of liquid-liquid extraction. The results show that different samples exhibit remarkably similar critical behavior, indicating that the phase transitions in liquid-liquid extraction rely on fewer variables than assumed. The extractant plays a key role in the separation process, while other solution components and their concentrations only affect the critical temperature but not the nature of the critical fluctuations.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B
(2022)
Editorial Material
Polymer Science
Dean M. DeLongchamp, Kathryn L. Beers, Christopher L. Soles
JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Miaoqi Chu, Jeffrey Li, Qingteng Zhang, Zhang Jiang, Eric M. Dufresne, Alec Sandy, Suresh Narayanan, Nicholas Schwarz
Summary: pyXPCSviewer is a Python-based graphical user interface that allows for interactive visualization of XPCS results. It parses complex XPCS data and generates interactive PyQt widgets for easy maintenance. The tool is open-source and customizable, catering to the diverse data structures and evolving techniques in the XPCS community.
JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Qingteng Zhang, Guoxiang Hu, Vitalii Starchenko, Gang Wan, Eric M. Dufresne, Yongqi Dong, Huajun Liu, Hua Zhou, Hyoungjeen Jeen, Kayahan Saritas, Jaron T. Krogel, Fernando A. Reboredo, Ho Nyung Lee, Alec R. Sandy, Irene Calvo Almazan, Panchapakesan Ganesh, Dillon D. Fong
Summary: Understanding the behavior of defects in complex oxides is crucial for controlling their properties. The study reveals the close interaction between the kinetics and dynamics of phase transition, and how spatial and temporal fluctuations of heterointerface evolve during the transformation process. The behavior of oxygen vacancies is correlated with the energetics of the transition, and the dimensionality of the transformation depends strongly on the oxidation or reduction process.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Katherine M. Evans, Christopher L. Soles, Edwin P. Chan
Summary: Cavitation is a phenomenon that occurs when the internal pressure of a material exceeds the resistance to deformation provided by the surrounding medium. We introduce a new measurement called laser-induced membrane expansion (LIME) to measure the shear modulus of thin membranes at high strain rates by using laser ablation. Using LIME, we study the mechanical properties of PDMS membranes at different thicknesses and crosslink densities and find that the shear modulus is weakly dependent on the crosslink density but strongly strain rate dependent.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Katherine M. Evans, Shawn H. Chen, Amanda J. Souna, Stephan J. Stranick, Christopher L. Soles, Edwin P. Chan
Summary: This article introduces a new approach to study the behavior of materials during high-speed puncture events by combining micro- and macroscale experimental data. It provides insights into the relationship between size-scale effects, materials properties, and perforation resistance. The approach allows for the evaluation of material performance independent of impact energy or specific puncture experiment types.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Robert M. Elder, Amanda L. Forster, Ajay Krishnamurthy, Joseph M. Dennis, Hiroshi Akiba, Osamu Yamamuro, Kanae Ito, Katherine M. Evans, Christopher Soles, Timothy W. Sirk
Summary: Modern design of adhesives, composites, and polymeric parts often involves the use of polymer glasses with specific mechanical properties. By changing the molecular packing during vitrification or in the glassy state, the mechanics of the glass can be modified, resulting in faster structural relaxations and potentially improved ductility. Molecular simulations and experimental measurements were used to analyze the free volume distribution and dynamics of glassy co-polymers, demonstrating the possibility of optimizing the mechanical behavior through changes to the geometric structure and fraction of the free volume.
