Article
Thermodynamics
Jorge Ahumada Lazo, Ruey-Hung Chen
Summary: Charged droplets, suspended in an electrodynamic balance, undergo Coulombic fission during evaporation. This study observed up to 15 Coulombic fissions in a single droplet, with each fission releasing approximately 14% of the droplet's charge. It was found that droplets with similar initial relative charge sustain fissions at similar normalized diameters, independent of initial droplet size and evaporation rate. Based on the d2-law of pure-fluid droplet evaporation, the times at which Coulombic fissions occur can be predicted for a given initial droplet size and evaporation rate.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jorge A. Ahumada-Lazo, Ruey-Hung Chen
Summary: The evaporation dynamics of charged, sub-millimeter droplets of short-chain alcohols suspended in air were investigated using an electrodynamic balance. Condensation of water onto the evaporating droplet due to evaporative cooling and the non-ideal mixing of condensed water and alcohol resulted in self-aggregation of the alcohol in two modes: enclosed-phase and Janus. The evaporation behavior of each mode was analyzed for five alcohols over a wide range of ambient relative humidity.(c) 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
D. Zrnic, G. Brenn
Summary: This study investigates the nonlinear axisymmetric shape oscillations of an inviscid liquid drop in a vacuum, and its relevance for transport processes across the drop surface. The weakly nonlinear approach is used for theoretical analysis, revealing nonlinear effects for the m = 2 mode of deformation and showing that frequency decrease is a higher order effect with increasing surface deformation. The analysis extends to higher deformation modes, with nonlinearity attributed to coupling of different modes of deformation and capillary pressure forces on different drop cross-sectional areas.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jiameng Tian, Tianyue Zhao, Zhifu Zhou, Bin Chen, Junfeng Wang, Junhui Xiong
Summary: The study found that the electrostatic field can enhance heat and mass transfer through corona wind, counteracting drag force from air to increase the evaporation rate of charged droplets. Increasing voltage shortens droplet lifetime, while an increase in ambient pressure has an inhibitory effect on charged droplet evaporation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Brayden W. Wagoner, Vishrut Garg, Michael T. Harris, Doraiswami Ramkrishna, Osman A. Basaran
Summary: This study discusses the oscillation characteristics of free drops and charged drops constrained by solid rings under small-amplitude perturbations. It also investigates the effects of charge on oscillation modes. The research reveals that at the Rayleigh limit, oscillation frequencies of slightly charged constrained drops exhibit variation.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Hao Zhou, Pratim Biswas
Summary: Electrospray systems are used to generate submicrometer sized charged droplets containing solute or nanoparticles, which are then transformed into particles. A model for charged droplet drying was developed to predict the final size and charge of particles, considering processes such as solvent evaporation, diffusion, coagulation, and fission. The study investigates the influence of dimensionless parameters on particle size and charge, with an analytical solution obtained for slow drying conditions.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Optics
B. Najjari, A. B. Voitkiv
Summary: The study focuses on the process of very large dimers fragmented into two singly charged ions caused by absorption of a photon, with a developed theory applied to calculate the fragmentation of specific dimers. Results show good agreement with experimental data for the helium dimer, while predicting a more efficient fragmentation mechanism for Li-He dimers compared to He-2. The accuracy of the reflection approximation for large dimers is also demonstrated, assuming minor recoil effects.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhongqian Sun, Lei Zhuang, Miaoyang Wei, Hailing Sun, Feilong Liu, Biao Tang, Jan Groenewold, Guofu Zhou
Summary: This study investigates the manipulation of millimeter-sized bubbles in water using the electrowetting on dielectric technique, where standing waves on the bubble surface and three resonance peaks are observed. By incorporating the nonlinear friction force and conducting simulations, it is found that low-frequency resonance peaks are associated with bubble detachment due to inertial effects. The experimental detachment process is well-reproduced in the simulations, confirming the role of fluid inertia in bubble detachment.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Menglu Li, Nianmin Hong, Jian Jiang, Wenxin Fu
Summary: This study investigated the preparation mechanism of monodispersed hollow silica nanoparticles (HSNs) using a template strategy. It was found that only positively charged polystyrene (PS) templates could induce the deposition of hydrolyzed silicon source and promote the growth of SiO2 shells through the condensation of silanol groups. This research provides detailed insights into the formation process and mechanism of HSNs.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES A-PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING ASPECTS
(2022)
Article
Optics
B. Najjari, S. F. Zhang, X. Ma, A. B. Voitkiv
Summary: We theoretically study the fragmentation of the helium dimer, 4He2, in collisions with relativistic highly charged projectiles. Our focus is on the direct ionization mechanism that leads to the fragmentation of both atomic sites of the dimer in a single collision. We find that this mechanism dominates the breakup events with low kinetic energies and show that the shape of the energy spectrum is sensitive to the binding energy of the dimer.
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Guowei Dai, Ben Duan, Fang Liu
Summary: In this paper, we investigate the Laplace's equation for the electrical potential of charge drops on the exterior domain with prescribed overdetermined boundary conditions. We determine the local bifurcation structure with respect to the surface tension coefficient as the bifurcation parameter, and establish the stability and instability near the bifurcation point.
ASYMPTOTIC ANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
A. Berny, S. Popinet, T. Seon, L. Deike
Summary: Based on high fidelity numerical simulations and experimental validation, it is found that the production of jet drops from bursting bubbles is influenced by factors such as bubble size and visco-capillary length. The number and size of the jet drops depend on bubble characteristics, with consideration for temperature variations.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lavi S. Bigman, Yaakov Levy
Summary: Many proteins have disordered regions with high fractions of charged residues, either mixed charge or uniform charge. Previous research found that negatively charged D/E repeats are longer and more common in eukaryotes compared to positively charged K/R repeats. The conformational preferences and dynamics of these charged polypeptides change with salt concentration, with D/E repeats being more sensitive to salt and tending to adsorb more divalent cations. The greater prevalence of D/E repeats and the higher abundance of E and K can be explained by biophysical factors.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
A. Chilingarian, G. Hovsepyan, M. Zazyan
Summary: By comparing simulations of muon traversal in the atmosphere and observations of muon flux on Earth's surface, it was found that changes in muon flux during large thunderstorm ground enhancements reveal the charge configurations of the cloud.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Chenyang Wang, Xiao Wu, Haixiang Zhang, Pengfei Hao, Feng He, Xiwen Zhang
Summary: This study investigated the impact of droplets on fiber and found that the results were in good agreement with experimental results. The research explored the influence of various factors such as droplet eccentricity, fiber tilt angle, and wettability on collision results, providing important guidance for actual production and life.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Stephen Frazier, Xinyi Jiang, Justin C. Burton
PHYSICAL REVIEW FLUIDS
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nicholas L. Cuccia, Suraj Pothineni, Brady Wu, Joshua Mendez Harper, Justin C. Burton
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2020)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
B. Wu, J. S. Mendez Harper, J. C. Burton
Summary: Hydrogels pressed against smooth surfaces exhibit time-dependent frictional behavior characterized by sliding-induced relaxation and quiescent recovery processes. The friction coefficient decays exponentially to a steady-state value, with the time constant varying exponentially with sliding velocity. Frictional shearing of the interface can imprint an observable memory on the material, visible after 24 hours of repeated friction.
EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Ryan K. Cassotto, Justin C. Burton, Jason M. Amundson, Mark A. Fahnestock, Martin Truffer
Summary: The study found that before the calving of an outlet glacier in Greenland, the flow coherence of the proglacial ice melange would be lost, with individual icebergs undergoing random displacements. These fluctuations are likely caused by buckling and rearrangements of the quasi-two-dimensional material, implicating ice melange as a mechanical inhibitor of iceberg calving.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Dana Harvey, Joshua Mendez Harper, Justin C. Burton
Summary: Research demonstrates that Leidenfrost vapor layers can be sustained at lower temperatures than those required for their formation, with the explosive failure point being nearly independent of material and fluid properties, indicating a purely hydrodynamic mechanism governs this threshold.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Kira G. Olsen, Meredith Nettles, L. Mac Cathles, Justin C. Burton, Tavi Murray, Timothy D. James
Summary: A physics-based source model improves seismic-magnitude recovery for glacial-earthquake modeling; maximum force is less sensitive to model choices than M-CSF and is preferred for describing glacial-earthquake size; rapid force reversal during iceberg calving is crucial for capturing in a glacial-earthquake source model.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Yannic J. Gagnon, Justin C. Burton, Connie B. Roth
Summary: This study utilized modern computational tools to solve a model for the acoustic shear wave propagation of the QCM in highly dissipative rubbery polymer films. The resulting set of three coupled equations were numerically solved to fit experimental data and determine the frequency-dependent modulus of the polymer films.
JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Kavinda Nissanka, Xiaolei Ma, Justin C. Burton
Summary: Experimental results confirm that polar prolate particles repel each other while oblate particles weakly attract. This effect is observed in both two-dimensional and three-dimensional experiments, and is dependent on the shape and mass asymmetry of the particles.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Wentao Yu, Justin C. Burton
Summary: The collective behavior of levitated particles in weakly ionized plasma has attracted significant scientific interest due to the complex forces acting on them and their potential as plasma diagnostics. Traditional methods for tracking particle motion are limited in sample volume and time scales. In this study, a high-speed tomographic imaging method using a scanning laser sheet and a single camera is demonstrated to track individual particles over large length scales and long periods of time.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Parasitology
Victor M. Ortega-Jimenez, Allison M. Gardner, Justin C. Burton
Summary: Ticks can be easily attracted to animals with fluffy coats through electrostatic induction, potentially leading to the transmission of pathogens between them. This phenomenon may have implications for the ecology and management of ticks.
TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Dana Harvey, Justin C. Burton
Summary: This article investigates the failure of Leidenfrost vapor layers upon cooling using finite-element simulation. The results show that inertial forces are responsible for the instability leading to failure.
PHYSICAL REVIEW FLUIDS
(2023)
Review
Physics, Applied
Alison F. Banwell, Justin C. Burton, Claudia Cenedese, Kenneth Golden, Jan Astrom
Summary: The cryosphere, composed of snow and ice, is experiencing rapid and substantial changes due to global warming. These changes include a significant loss of summer Arctic sea ice and a record low extent of Antarctic sea ice in February 2023. These melting phenomena have far-reaching ripple effects and feedbacks on the climate system, posing challenges to modeling and prediction. In this article, five researchers explore the application of diverse physics concepts to enhance our understanding of the cryosphere.
NATURE REVIEWS PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Joshua Mendez Harper, Dana Harvey, Tianshu Huang, Jake McGrath, David Meer, Justin C. Burton
Summary: Wind-blown dust plays an important role in various systems, but current models cannot explain the long-distance transport of large particles. This study investigates the longevity of electrostatic charge on airborne particles and finds that the charge decayed over time, lasting for more than a week in dry environments and several days in humid environments. The decay rate was independent of particle material and charge polarity, but UV radiation could affect the decay time. The findings also predict that atmospheric dust of around 10 μm will experience the greatest change in residence time due to electrostatic forces.
Review
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Wentao Yu, Jonathan Cho, Justin C. Burton
Summary: The article presents a challenging task of extracting environmental forces from complex physical systems using machine learning. By applying supervised ML on micron-sized charged particles levitated in an argon plasma, the electrostatic, dissipative, and stochastic forces were successfully estimated. The experiments involved non-Gaussian noise sources, which affected the accuracy, but the model training and feature engineering improved the prediction performance.
Article
Communication
Judith Beck, Justin C. Burton, Martin Kamela, Michelle P. Kuchera, Amy J. Lovell, Kerstin Nordstrom, Thinley Tenzin, Julie Ziffer
Summary: Physics education research emphasizes the importance of prioritizing conceptual understanding over mathematical representation for successful physics teaching. While conceptual representations are influenced by culture and language, physical laws are universal. Reimagining conceptual physics for Tibetan monastic culture presents challenges, including exploring how translation of key terms impacts connotations of physical laws and assessing the practical strengths and weaknesses of teaching conceptual physics using established methods in the United States.
FRONTIERS IN COMMUNICATION
(2021)