Measuring the Temperature Dependence of Individual Two-Level Systems by Direct Coherent Control

We demonstrate a new method to directly manipulate the state of individual two-level systems (TLSs) in phase qubits. It allows one to characterize the coherence properties of TLSs using standard microwave pulse sequences, while the qubit is used only for state readout. We apply this method to measure the temperature dependence of TLS coherence for the first time. The energy relaxation time T-1 is found to decrease quadratically with temperature for the two TLSs studied in this work, while their dephasing time measured in Ramsey and spin-echo experiments is found to be T-1 limited at all temperatures.