Article
Immunology
Hayley A. McNamara, Mireille H. Lahoud, Yeping Cai, Jessica Durrant-Whyte, James H. O'Connor, Irina Caminschi, Ian A. Cockburn
Summary: This study investigates the mechanisms behind B cell fate determination using a Plasmodium infection model. It finds that the organ environment plays a role in determining B cell fate, with the majority of the response derived from splenic plasmablasts. Furthermore, macrophages and CD11c(+) dendritic cells drive the plasmablast fate of CSP-specific B cells.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nancy P. Y. Chung, K. M. Faisal Khan, Robert J. Kaner, Sarah L. O'Beirne, Ronald G. Crystal
Summary: The study shows that HIV induces human airway basal stem/progenitor cells to release inflammatory mediators, which may contribute to lung inflammation in HIV-positive individuals, explaining the increased incidence of COPD in this population.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Martin Woerner
Summary: This study focuses on the maximum diameter of a drop impacting on a flat solid surface, assuming axisymmetric spreading without splashing. Two novel concepts are introduced to close the energy balance between the initial state of the drop and its maximum spread. An approximate spherical cap model is proposed for the gas-liquid surface area, and viscosity-induced energy loss is related to the total energy dissipation when the drop comes to rest. The fractional dissipation during maximum spread is modeled as a function of an impact parameter (P) that combines the power laws of capillary and viscous regimes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIPHASE FLOW
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Tao Zhang, Qiang Sun, Xiaoli Zhang, Yan Shen, Mingkui Wang
Summary: This study reveals the interplay among dimensionality, stability, and photovoltaic performance for two-dimensional tin halide perovskites in solar cells. By using bulky organic cations with different sizes and functionalities, a fine balance can be achieved between power conversion efficiency and device stability.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Hossein Ghafourian, Seyed Sepehr Ershadi, Daria K. Voronkova, Sayeh Omidvari, Leila Badrizadeh, Moncef L. Nehdi
Summary: In recent years, research has been focused on designing buildings with higher energy efficiency and lower emissions while considering multiple objectives. This study aims to develop a new technique to solve this challenging multiple-objective optimization problem.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cecilia Fahlquist-Hagert, Thomas R. Wittenborn, Ewa Terczynska-Dyla, Kristian Savstrup Kastberg, Emily Yang, Alysa Nicole Rallistan, Quinton Raymond Markett, Gudrun Winther, Sofie Fonager, Lasse F. Voss, Mathias K. Pedersen, Nina van Campen, Alexey Ferapontov, Lisbeth Jensen, Jinrong Huang, John D. Nieland, Cees E. van der Poel, Johan Palmfeldt, Michael C. Carroll, Paul J. Utz, Yonglun Luo, Lin Lin, Soren E. Degn
Summary: Circumstantial evidence suggests that B cells may instruct T cells to break tolerance. A murine model experiment demonstrated that the autoimmune response can be initiated outside of germinal centers. B cells can directly relay autoreactivity between different compartments of MHC-restricted T cells and propagate the autoimmune response.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Biology
Sarah Lensch, Michael H. Herschl, Connor H. Ludwig, Joydeb Sinha, Michaela M. Hinks, Adi Mukund, Taihei Fujimori, Lacramioara Bintu
Summary: This study systematically investigates gene coupling in mammalian cells and finds that gene silencing and reactivation can act at a distance, involving histone modification and chromatin regulator recruitment. The configuration of insulator elements also plays a role in this process.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Liang-Xing Lu, Hao Jiang, Qin Bian, Wenzhu Shao, Liyi Li, Yong -Wei Zhang, Bo Liang, YuSheng Shi, Liang Zhen
Summary: In-depth understanding of the layer-by-layer process is crucial for quality control of AM components. Computational modelling is an important method to study the mechanisms of AM process, but lacks an integrated platform. In this study, we develop a modelling framework that combines different methods and algorithms to simulate the PBF process of NiTi shape memory alloy. Our simulation reveals the factors determining laser absorptivity and we also propose an analytical model to predict keyhole depth and absorptivity. This work provides a solid foundation for quantitative understanding of multi-layer AM process.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Cosima Du Pasquier, Kristina Shea
Summary: Shape morphing structures are actively used in aerospace and automotive industry to achieve broader functionality by adapting shape to stimuli. Lightweight and stiff active lattice structures are utilized to optimize deformation accuracy, with a determinate Kagome lattice pattern being shown as most accurate with least energy consumption. The actuator layout is optimized for multiple target shapes and can replicate FEM simulations with high accuracy, while experimental tests on a 3D printed lattice structure show promising results.
SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hyesung Jo, Dae Han Wi, Taegu Lee, Yongmin Kwon, Chaehwa Jeong, Juhyeok Lee, Hionsuck Baik, Alexander J. Pattison, Wolfgang Theis, Colin Ophus, Peter Ercius, Yea-Lee Lee, Seunghwa Ryu, Sang Woo Han, Yongsoo Yang
Summary: This study determines the 3D atomic structure of Pd@Pt core-shell nanoparticles and reveals the surface-interface strain relations. The strain distribution shows shape-dependent anisotropy, and the surface oxygen reduction reaction activity is predicted. These findings have important implications for understanding the structure-property relationships in strain-engineered core-shell systems and exerting direct control over catalytic properties.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Nont Kosaisawe, Breanne Sparta, Michael Pargett, Carolyn K. Teragawa, John G. Albeck
Summary: Cell-to-cell heterogeneity in metabolism can resist the effects of OXPHOS inhibitors, leading to dynamic fluctuations in cellular energetic balance, with implications for predicting responses to OXPHOS inhibition.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Timothy J. Healey, Gokul G. Nair
Summary: This paper studies a class of single-director Cosserat shell models that account for both curvature and finite mid-plane strains. By assuming a polyconvexity condition for the stored-energy function, a physically correct membrane model is obtained in the absence of bending. With appropriate growth conditions, the existence of energy minimizers is established. The local orientation of a minimizing configuration is maintained through the blowup of the stored energy as a version of the local volume ratio approaches zero.
JOURNAL OF ELASTICITY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Souvik Paul, Stefan Heinze
Summary: This study demonstrates that the stability of magnetic skyrmions in an ultrathin transition-metal film can be controlled via external electric fields, and reveals the influence of electric-field-induced changes in interactions on the energy barriers for skyrmion writing and deleting.
NPJ COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Isaac Mbir Bryant, Abdul-Rahaman Afitiri
Summary: The willingness of households to adopt the single-stage solar-supported hyper-thermophilic anaerobic biogas digester (SSHTABD) is high at 86%, with higher income households more likely to adopt the technology, while unemployed households are less likely to do so.
ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY AND SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Muhammad Shazib Hameed, Zaheer Ahmad, Shahbaz Ali, Muhammad Kamran, Alphonse-Roger Lula Babole
Summary: Dealing with erroneous, unexpected, susceptible, flawed, vulnerable, and intricate information is simplified with the use of single-valued neutrosophic sets (svns). The ideas of fuzzy sets and intuitionistic fuzzy sets have undergone further development thanks to the development of svns. In svns, indeterminacy is quantified in an obvious and unambiguous way, and the memberships of truth, indeterminacy, and falsity are independent of each other.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
David Macherel, Francis Haraux, Herve Guillou, Olivier Bourgeois
Summary: Mitochondria, known as the cellular powerhouses, oxidize organic acids and NADH to generate ATP and release heat as a by-product, contributing to body warming in endotherms. Despite the hypothesis that mitochondria could be warmer than the cytosol, there is currently no convincing physical explanation. Research on molecular thermosensors and heat diffusion mechanisms supports the concept of hot mitochondria, but further biological studies are needed to shed light on this intriguing phenomenon.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ana Joaquina Jimenez, Alexandre Schaeffer, Chiara De Pascalis, Gaelle Letort, Benoit Vianay, Michel Bornens, Matthieu Piel, Laurent Blanchoin, Manuel Thery
Summary: The position of the centrosome within a cell is not always at the geometric center, but can be close to the cell edge. Centrosome positioning appears to respond accurately to the architecture and anisotropy of the actin network, rather than the shape of the cell.
Article
Plant Sciences
Djivan Prentout, Natasa Stajner, Andreja Cerenak, Theo Tricou, Celine Brochier-Armanet, Jernej Jakse, Jos Kafer, Gabriel A. B. Marais
Summary: A shared sex chromosome system was discovered in Cannabis and Humulus, with recombination suppression beginning 21-25 million years ago, leading to a degenerated Y chromosome.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Jos Kafer, Nicolas Lartillot, Gabriel A. B. Marais, Franck Picard
Summary: The SDpop method is able to infer sex-linkage caused by recombination suppression on sex chromosomes by modeling allele and genotype frequencies. It allows detection of sex chromosomes and sex-linked genes, as well as inference of haplotype and nucleotide polymorphism for gametologous sequences. The method demonstrates robust predictions with 5 to 10 individuals per sex in most cases when tested with simulated and real data from different species.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Daphne Raphaelle Vannier, Apeksha Shapeti, Florent Chuffart, Emmanuelle Planus, Sandra Manet, Paul Rivier, Olivier Destaing, Corinne Albiges-Rizo, Hans Van Oosterwyck, Eva Faurobert
Summary: Studies have shown that CCM1- and CCM2-silenced endothelial cells expand in vitro and enter into a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), using this phenotype to invade the extracellular matrix and attract surrounding wild-type endothelial and immune cells. The SASP is driven by cytoskeletal, molecular, and transcriptomic disorders provoked by ROCK dysfunctions, suggesting that CCM2 and ROCK may be involved in controlling senescence and providing new insights into the role of cellular mechanics in the aging process. These in vitro findings help reconcile the dysregulated traits of CCM2-deficient endothelial cells into a unique fate, suggesting that SASP could link increased ROCK-dependent cell contractility with microenvironment remodeling and long-range chemo-attraction of endothelial and immune cells.
Article
Plant Sciences
Jos Kafer, Adam Bewick, Amelie Andres-Robin, Garance Lapetoule, Alex Harkess, Jose Caius, Bruno Fogliani, Gildas Gateble, Paula Ralph, Claude W. dePamphilis, Franck Picard, Charlie Scutt, Gabriel A. B. Marais, James Leebens-Mack
Summary: The dioecious plant Amborella trichopoda has a ZW sex determination system, with recent divergence of Z and W gametologs. The sex chromosomes of Amborella trichopoda evolved less than 16.5 million years ago, long after the divergence of extant angiosperms.
Article
Biology
Kevin Sugier, Romuald Laso-Jadart, Benoit Vacherie, Jos Kafer, Laurie Bertrand, Karine Labadie, Nathalie Martins, Celine Orvain, Emmanuelle Petit, Patrick Wincker, Jean-Louis Jamet, Adriana Alberti, Mohammed-Amin Madoui
Summary: Copepods, tiny crustaceans and the most abundant animals on Earth, play a crucial role in the marine food chain. Among copepods, the genus Oithona is known for the males adopting the "live fast, die young" strategy, constantly searching for females and having a higher mortality rate. Our study identified a new male-specific ganglion in Oithona nana, possibly involved in female cues sensing, as well as the potential role of Lin-12 Notch Repeat proteins in its development. The discovery suggests an optimization of the males' strategy through these proteins to increase female cue sensing and mating.
Article
Cell Biology
Thomas Bessy, Adrian Candelas, Benoit Souquet, Khansa Saadallah, Alexandre Schaeffer, Benoit Vianay, Damien Cuvelier, Samy Gobaa, Cecilia Nakid-Cordero, Julien Lion, Jean-Christophe Bories, Nuala Mooney, Thierry Jaffredo, Jerome Larghero, Laurent Blanchoin, Lionel Faivre, Stephane Brunet, Manuel Thery
Summary: The study reveals that the interaction between HSPCs and bone marrow stromal cells can induce polarization of HSPCs, leading to changes in cytoskeleton architecture, specifically the centrosome positioning. This polarization is specific and involves receptors ICAM, VCAM, and SDF1, with SDF1 being capable of independently inducing centrosome-microtubule network polarization.
JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Andrew J. Helmstetter, Sylvain Glemin, Jos Kafer, Rosana Zenil-Ferguson, Herv Sauquet, Hugo de Boer, Leo-Paul M. J. Dagallier, Nathan Mazet, Eliette L. Reboud, Thomas L. P. Couvreur, Fabien L. Condamine
Summary: Estimating time-dependent rates of speciation and extinction from phylogenetic trees is crucial for understanding biodiversity. However, recent findings have raised questions about the reliability of these estimations. Despite this, studying macroevolution using phylogenetic trees is still exciting and promising. By acknowledging limitations and advancing modeling techniques, we can make progress as a scientific community.
SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biology
Jos Kafer, Marcos Mendez, Sylvain Mousset
Summary: In this article, we review the literature on sexual lability in dioecious angiosperm species and find that the occurrence of lability is weakly related to sex chromosome characteristics. These results contradict the idea that lability indicates the absence or recent evolution of sex chromosomes, suggesting that sex chromosomes do not necessarily fix sex determination permanently.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jos Kafer
Summary: The suppression of recombination along the Y chromosome leads to its degeneration, and a new model in PLOS Biology reveals the reasons and mechanisms behind this potentially harmful process.
Article
Cell Biology
Alexander Kyumurkov, Anne-Pascale Bouin, Mathieu Boissan, Sandra Manet, Francesco Baschieri, Mathilde Proponnet-Guerault, Martial Balland, Olivier Destaing, Myriam Regent-Kloeckner, Claire Calmel, Alice Nicolas, Francois Waharte, Philippe Chavrier, Guillaume Montagnac, Emmanuelle Planus, Corinne Albiges-Rizo
Summary: ICAP-1 regulates integrin endocytosis by interacting with NME2, a key regulator of dynamin-dependent clathrin-coated pits fission. The control of clathrin-mediated integrin endocytosis by an integrin inhibitor is a unique mechanism to finely tune physical forces at focal adhesions. The impact of internalization on cellular mechanics and its mechanism remains elusive.
JOURNAL OF CELL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Andrew J. Helmstetter, Rosana Zenil-Ferguson, Herve Sauquet, Sarah P. Otto, Marcos Mendez, Mario Vallejo-Marin, Juerg Schoenenberger, Concetta Burgarella, Bruce Anderson, Hugo de Boer, Sylvain Glemin, Jos Kafer
Summary: This study synthesized data from 152 studies on angiosperm clades using state-dependent speciation and extinction models, and found that intrinsic traits related to reproduction and morphology are often linked to species diversification. However, a set of universal drivers did not emerge as these traits had inconsistent effects across clades. Additionally, the study found that data set properties such as tree size, age, and sampling quality were correlated to SSE model results, and provided best practices for study design and reporting.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bruce Anderson, John Pannell, Sylvain Billiard, Concetta Burgarella, Hugo de Boer, Mathilde Dufay, Andrew J. Helmstetter, Marcos Mendez, Sarah P. Otto, Denis Roze, Herve Sauquet, Daniel Schoen, Jurg Schonenberger, Mario Vallejo-Marin, Rosana Zenil-Ferguson, Jos Kafer, Sylvain Glemin
Summary: Species diversity can vary greatly due to differences in speciation and extinction rates. This study examines the effects of various plant traits on diversification and finds that most traits have conflicting impacts. The complexities of trait-diversification relationships and context dependence highlight the need for controlled approaches in correlational studies.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bruce Anderson, John Pannell, Sylvain Billiard, Concetta Burgarella, Hugo de Boer, Mathilde Dufay, Andrew J. Helmstetter, Marcos Mendez, Sarah P. Otto, Denis Roze, Herve Sauquet, Daniel Scheon, Jurg Schoenenbereger, Mario Vallejo-Marin, Rosana Zenil-Fergusion, Jos Kafer, Sylvain Glemin
Summary: Species diversity can vary greatly across lineages due to differences in speciation and extinction rates. This study examines the effects of various plant traits on diversification and finds that most traits have contrasting effects. The complexity of pathways linking traits to diversification suggests that interpreting their correlations may be challenging, and the context dependence means that the effects of specific traits on diversification may differ across lineages and timescales. This calls for taxonomically and context-controlled approaches in studying trait-diversification relationships.
