Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Daisuke Ishikawa, Alfred Q. R. Baron
Summary: This study describes the fabrication and performance of temperature-gradient analyzers simulated by Ishikawa & Baron, showing that applying different temperature gradients can improve energy resolution. The use of a temperature gradient allows for collection of more scattered radiation and installation of more complex sample environments.
JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Thomas Kroll, Michael L. Baker, Samuel A. Wilson, Marcus Lundberg, Amelie Juhin, Marie-Anne Arrio, James J. Yan, Leland B. Gee, Augustin Braun, Tsu-Chien Weng, Dimosthenis Sokaras, Britt Hedman, Keith O. Hodgson, Edward Solomon
Summary: 1s2p resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (1s2p RIXS) has been successful in determining the differential orbital covalency (DOC) in highly covalent iron environments, but the presence of non-centrosymmetric environments with metal-oxo bonds introduces 4p character into 3d orbitals, impacting electronic structure analysis. This study examines the effects of 4p mixing on 1s2p RIXS spectra using binuclear oxo bridged Fe(III) complexes and elucidates the selective nature of the mixing for enhancing L-edge XAS analysis in terms of DOC. Additionally, the study provides structural insights from biferric model studies for peroxo bridged biferric enzyme intermediates.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Andrea Caputo, Hongwan Liu, Siddharth Mishra-Sharma, Maxim Pospelov, Joshua T. Ruderman, Alfredo Urbano
Summary: In this study, a new class of signatures called spectral edges and end points are introduced in 21-cm measurements, resulting from interactions between the standard and dark sectors. It demonstrates how resonant dark photon-to-photon conversions can leave distinctive spectral features in the observed 21-cm brightness temperature, with implications for current, upcoming, and proposed experiments targeting the cosmic dawn and the dark ages. These signatures offer a qualitatively new approach to searching for physics beyond the Standard Model using 21-cm observations.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Jie Yan, Yanpeng Liu, Yong Hou, Cheng Gao, Jianhua Wu, Jiaolong Zeng, Jianmin Yuan
Summary: The creation and relaxation of double K-hole states 1s(0)2s(2)2p(6) np (n >= 3) of Ne1+ in the interaction with ultraintense ultrafast x-ray pulses are studied theoretically. A time-dependent rate equation is used to investigate the processes, considering the primary microscopic atomic processes including photoexcitation, spontaneous radiation, photoionization and Auger decay. The calculated Auger electron energy spectra show good agreement with recent experimental results, indicating the potential use of Auger electron intensity as a diagnostic tool for x-ray experiments.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Y. Shen, J. Sears, G. Fabbris, J. Li, J. Pelliciari, I Jarrige, Xi He, I Bozovic, M. Mitrano, Junjie Zhang, J. F. Mitchell, A. S. Botana, V Bisogni, M. R. Norman, S. Johnston, M. P. M. Dean
Summary: The essential electronic properties of low valence nickelates have been debated, whether they have appreciable oxygen charge-transfer character or are in a distinct Mott-Hubbard regime. Using O K-edge resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS), this study resolved the question and found that the low valence nickelate possesses mixed charge-transfer-Mott-Hubbard character. Despite a similar Coulomb repulsion, the transition-metal-oxygen hopping is larger in the nickelate, leading to a significant superexchange interaction and hole occupation of ligand O orbitals.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Haoliang Qian, Shilong Li, Su-Wen Hsu, Ching-Fu Chen, Fanglin Tian, Andrea R. Tao, Zhaowei Liu
Summary: Efficient on-chip localized plasmonic excitation based on resonant inelastic electron tunneling with metallic quantum well junction has been demonstrated, promising high external quantum efficiency and potentially advancing plasmonic circuitry and optical sensing applications.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wojciech Blachucki, Yves Kayser, Anna Wach, Rafal Fanselow, Christopher Milne, Jacinto Sa, Jakub Szlachetko
Summary: In this study, RXES planes were reconstructed with high energy resolution from experimental spectra using XFEL in SASE mode. The quality of the reconstructed data was studied in relation to the number of recorded XFEL shots, setting thresholds for good data acquisition and experimental times.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Mouhui Yan, Yichen Jin, Zhicheng Wu, Arshak Tsaturyan, Anna Makarova, Dmitry Smirnov, Elena Voloshina, Yuriy Dedkov
Summary: The electronic structure of high-quality van der Waals NiPS3 crystals was studied using NEXAFS and ResPES in combination with DFT. The analysis identified NiPS3 as a charge-transfer insulator, which is crucial for understanding possible correlated-electron phenomena in transition-metal layered materials. The obtained spectroscopic and theoretical data are important for further applications in electronics, spintronics, and catalysis.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Optics
R. R. Wang, H. H. An, Z. Y. Xie, W. Wang
Summary: This study investigated the influence of foil thickness, laser pulse width, and laser intensity on the X-ray conversion efficiency of a sandwiched planar target, revealing that three-layer thin foils can provide an efficient multi-keV X-ray source but require careful optimization of laser parameters and foil thickness.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Weixin Xu, Lei Lei, Pengchi Liu, Liang Chen, Shiqing Xu
Summary: The study shows that BaGdF5: Ce@BaGdF5: Nd@BaYF5 exhibits stronger Nd3+ emission compared to BaGdF5: Ce@BaGdF5: Nd@BaGdF5, due to blocked energy transfer. Increasing the thickness of BaYF5 shell further enhances Nd3+ emission intensity. The radioluminescence intensity of BaGdF5: Ce@BaGdF5: Nd@BaYF5 outperforms that of NaGdF4: Ce@NaGdF4: Nd@NaYF4 nanocrystals with similar doping content and particle size.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Rebeca G. Castillo, Anselm W. Hahn, Benjamin E. Van Kuiken, Justin T. Henthorn, Jeremy McGale, Serena DeBeer
Summary: Resonant X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) is demonstrated to be able to recover physical oxidation state information in highly covalent systems, providing a straightforward way to resolve previously ambiguous oxidation state assignments. This approach offers chemists a more rigorous and quantitative method to address challenging electronic-structure questions.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Matjaz Kavcic, Marko Petric, Ava Rajh, Kristina Isakovic, Alen Vizintin, Sara Drvaric Talian, Robert Dominko
Summary: The application of laboratory-based X-ray analytical techniques for reliable characterization of sulfur in battery cathodes is essential for the development of lithium-sulfur batteries. MeV proton-induced X-ray emission sulfur measurements were conducted ex situ on sulfur standards and battery cathodes, with the average sulfur charge determined from the energy shift of the K alpha emission line and spectral shape of the K beta emission spectrum. Operando K alpha XES measurements were performed to monitor sulfur reduction during discharge, representing an important step towards routine analysis of sulfur-based battery systems.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Nayon Park, Forrest W. Eagle, Asher J. DeLarme, Madison Monahan, Talia LoCurto, Ryan Beck, Xiaosong Li, Brandi M. Cossairt
Summary: This study demonstrates fine-tuning of the atomic composition of InP/ZnSe quantum dots at the core/shell interface, affecting their optical properties. Reactive trimethylsilyl reagents were used to shift the nanocrystal stoichiometry, resulting in changes in absorption, excitonic photoluminescence, and trap-based photoluminescence. Time-resolved photoluminescence data suggest that the low photoluminescence quantum yields may be attributed to the creation of new charge trap states and a dark population within the QDs.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Sho Amano
Summary: This study demonstrates the use of laser-plasma source for soft X-ray lithography. The results show that the resist can be efficiently etched using specific intensity of X-ray pulses. Additionally, the concept of simultaneous excitation of inner- and outer-shell electrons is tested and proven to increase the efficiency of X-ray lithography.
APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Ang Li, Zhiqiang Miao, Sophia Han, Bing Zhang
Summary: In this study, a Bayesian analysis was conducted on the maximum mass of neutron stars with a quark core, revealing the most probable values of the hybrid star maximum mass to be around 2.36 solar masses. The results are robust with respect to uncertainties in the hadronic EOS and have implications for astrophysical phenomena such as post-merger products of neutron star mergers and short gamma-ray bursts.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Matjaz Kavcic, Marko Petric, Ava Rajh, Kristina Isakovic, Alen Vizintin, Sara Drvaric Talian, Robert Dominko
Summary: The application of laboratory-based X-ray analytical techniques for reliable characterization of sulfur in battery cathodes is essential for the development of lithium-sulfur batteries. MeV proton-induced X-ray emission sulfur measurements were conducted ex situ on sulfur standards and battery cathodes, with the average sulfur charge determined from the energy shift of the K alpha emission line and spectral shape of the K beta emission spectrum. Operando K alpha XES measurements were performed to monitor sulfur reduction during discharge, representing an important step towards routine analysis of sulfur-based battery systems.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Optics
Ralph Puttner, Jessica B. Martins, Tatiana Marchenko, Oksana Travnikova, Renaud Guillemin, Loic Journel, Iyas Ismail, Gildas Goldsztejn, Dimitris Koulentianos, Denis Ceolin, Maria Luiza Miranda Rocco, Maria Novella Piancastelli, Marc Simon, David A. Keating, C. Rasadi Munasinghe, Pranawa C. Deshmukh, Steven T. Manson
Summary: The research examines the photoionization branching ratios of spin-orbit doublets at energies several keV above threshold, showing relativistic effects in Ar and many-body effects in Xe. Significant variations in branching ratios over broad energy regions are found in Xe. Additionally, the experimental confirmation of the theoretical prediction regarding nonresonant branching ratios diverging from the statistical value with increasing photon energy is observed in the study of Ar 2p.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
E. Kukk, D. Ceolin, O. Travnikova, R. Puettner, M. N. Piancastelli, R. Guillemin, L. Journel, T. Marchenko, I. Ismail, J. Martins, J-P Rueff, M. Simon
Summary: The study presents a unified description of the Doppler and recoil effects for polyatomic systems, offering an approximate tool for analyzing HAXPES spectra. The approach was tested on carbon dioxide and pentane molecules.
NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
X. Li, L. Inhester, S. J. Robatjazi, B. Erk, R. Boll, K. Hanasaki, K. Toyota, Y. Hao, C. Bomme, B. Rudek, L. Foucar, S. H. Southworth, C. S. Lehmann, B. Kraessig, T. Marchenko, M. Simon, K. Ueda, K. R. Ferguson, M. Bucher, T. Gorkhover, S. Carron, R. Alonso-Mori, J. E. Koglin, J. Correa, G. J. Williams, S. Boutet, L. Young, C. Bostedt, S. -K. Son, R. Santra, D. Rolles, A. Rudenko
Summary: The interaction between intense femtosecond x-ray pulses and molecules depends on a complex interplay of processes including multiple photoabsorptions, Auger decay, charge rearrangement, and nuclear motion. Experimental and theoretical studies on ionization and fragmentation of iodomethane demonstrate that the timing of ionization steps leading to specific reaction products is determined by pulse duration rather than energy or intensity. Short pulse durations enhance the yield of fragments with higher charge states, attributed to decreased charge transfer efficiency at larger internuclear separations during longer pulses.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
K. Isakovic, M. Petric, Z. Rupnik, Z. Smit, P. Pelicon, M. Kelemen, M. Veres, P. Pongrac, P. Vavpetic, M. Kavcic
Summary: The external beamline at the Microanalytical Centre of the Jozef Stefan Institute has been upgraded to enable in-air PIXE imaging with a lateral resolution of approximately 50 x 50μm(2). The first application in the field of biology was the quantitative concentration mapping of a longitudinal section of a whole thick wheat grain.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Jonas Waetzel, Primoz Rebernik Ribic, Marcello Coreno, Miltcho B. Danailov, Christian David, Alexander Demidovich, Michele Di Fraia, Luca Giannessi, Klavs Hansen, Spela Krusic, Michele Manfredda, Michael Meyer, Andrej Mihelic, Najmeh Mirian, Oksana Plekan, Barbara Ressel, Benedikt Rosner, Alberto Simoncig, Simone Spampinati, Matija Stupar, Matjaz Zitnik, Marco Zangrando, Carlo Callegari, Jamal Berakdar, Giovanni De Ninno
Summary: This study proposes a laser-based scheme for noninvasive ultrafast control of magnetic moments at the nanoscale. The scheme allows for control of the spatial extent, direction, and strength of atomic-scale charge current loops, and provides a quantitative estimate of the generated local moments.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Optics
M. Zitnik, A. Mihelic, K. Bucar, S. Krusic, R. Squibb, R. Feifel, I. Ismail, P. Lablanquie, J. Palaudoux, O. Plekan, M. Di Fraia, M. Coreno, M. Manfredda, A. Simoncig, P. Rebernik Ribi, F. Sottocorona, E. Allaria, K. C. Prince, C. Callegari, F. Penent
Summary: By varying the relative phase of extreme ultraviolet light pulses, the population of the 2s(2) state in helium can be controlled. The interference of two-photon excitation paths results in maximum yield when the relative phase of the two harmonics matches the phase difference of complex atomic amplitudes governing the two paths. These findings enable the measurement of phase differences in two-photon ionization paths and the performance of interferometry in the extreme ultraviolet range.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
B. M. Nayana, K. K. Anakha, V. M. Chacko, Muhammad Aslam, Mohammed Albassam
Summary: This study transforms DUS into Neutrosophic Weibull distribution and investigates its statistical properties and parameter estimation method. The validation on a real data set shows that the proposed distribution performs more accurately than classical distributions.
COMPLEX & INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Spectroscopy
Matjaz Kavcic, Marko Petric
Summary: Valence-to-core K x-ray emission spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the electronic structure of third-row elements in complex bulk materials. In this study, VtC x-ray emission spectra of sulfur and chlorine compounds were obtained using laboratory equipment and MeV proton excitation. The experimental results were compared with theoretical calculations and showed good agreement in most cases, with some discrepancies attributed to K and M shell ionization induced by MeV protons. Further experiments confirmed the presence of KM ionization satellite lines.
X-RAY SPECTROMETRY
(2022)
Article
Optics
Maximilian Mailhiot, Kari Jaenkaelae, Marko Huttula, Minna Patanen, Klemen Bucar, Matjaz Zitnik, Denis Cubaynes, Fabian Holzmeier, Raimund Feifel, Denis Ceolin, Lidija Andric, Renaud Guillemin, Iyas Ismail, Jerome Palaudoux, Francis Penent, Pascal Lablanquie
Summary: The dominant decay pathways of argon 2p-2 double-core-hole states were investigated using synchrotron radiation and a magnetic-bottle-type spectrometer coupled with an ion time-of-flight spectrometer. The experiment allowed for efficient multi-electron-ion coincidence measurements to track the Auger cascade step by step. The decay pathways leading to Ar4+ final states via Ar3+ intermediate states were assigned using theoretical ab initio calculations.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
K. Isakovic, M. Petric, A. Rajh, Z. Rupnik, M. Ribic, K. Bucar, P. Pelicon, P. Pongrac, V. Bocaj, M. Kavcic
Summary: A new parallel-beam wavelength dispersive X-ray emission spectrometer (PB-WDS) was built at the external proton beamline at the Microanalytical Centre of the Jozef Stefan Institute in Ljubljana. The spectrometer uses polycapillary X-ray optics for efficient X-ray collection and a flat crystal analyzer for diffraction, achieving high energy resolution in the eV range. The instrument is enclosed in a He bag to operate in the tender X-ray energy range. The article describes the design and presents the main operational characteristics, as well as demonstrates an application for micro-PIXE analysis of biological tissue utilizing the spatial and energy resolution of the new set-up.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY
(2023)
Article
Optics
Spela Krusic, Andrej Mihelic, Klemen Bucar, Andrei Benediktovitch, Stasis Chuchurka, Matjaz Zitnik
Summary: In this theoretical study, we predict the spectrum and angular distribution of XUV superfluorescence from doubly excited states of helium pumped by free-electron laser pulses. Our model overcomes the deficiencies of previous models by treating electromagnetic fields in three dimensions and modeling spontaneous emission using a recently developed approach. Numerical simulations of the 3a 1Po resonance in helium show that the spectral width and angular divergence of emitted radiation vary with gas pressure and pump pulse intensity in a complex way.
Article
Optics
N. Boudjemia, K. Jankala, T. Gejo, Y. Kohmura, M. Huttula, M. N. Piancastelli, M. Simon, M. Oura, R. Puettner
Summary: The LMM Auger spectra of krypton were measured at different photon energies, presenting previously unobserved transitions and allowing for the assignment of spectral features through complementary theoretical work. Additionally, the L2,3Y-MMY Auger transitions of Kr2+ formed via Coster-Kronig Auger decay of core holes L-1 and L-2 were investigated, with about 4000 and 13,000 transitions respectively, leading to general statements on the assignment of configurations involved in the transitions.
Article
Optics
Andrej Mihelic, Martin Horvat
Summary: The theoretical method proposed in this study calculates multiphoton ionization amplitudes and cross sections for few-electron atoms. It extracts partial-wave amplitudes from a scattering wave function by solving driven Schrödinger equations, relying on a description of partial waves using a small number of Coulomb waves. The method is applicable for photon energies above and below ionization threshold and for resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization.
