Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
P. L. Garrido
Summary: We study the behavior of stationary nonequilibrium two-body correlation functions for diffusive systems with equilibrium reference states. We describe the dynamic of the system using coupled Langevin equations with white noises. We decompose the correlations into known local equilibrium part and a nonequilibrium behavior, and solve the differential equations for the nonequilibrium part through a perturbative expansion. The results show that fluctuations are dominated by local equilibrium up to the second order in the perturbative expansion around the equilibrium state.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Fan Yang, Qiaoxi Zhang, Fumin Ma, Xiaojian Ding, Yufeng Liu, Deyu Tong
Summary: This paper proposes an efficient discrete cross-modal hashing method that incorporates an asymmetric model, semantic supervised intersection scheme, category correlations embedding, optimization strategy, and linear projection to improve retrieval performance and effectiveness.
INFORMATION SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Xuanhua Wang, Jin Wang
Summary: In this study, quantum master equations beyond secular approximation are used to study the nonequilibrium thermodynamic cost of enhanced quantum metrology and quantum correlations. It is found that nonequilibrium conditions enhance quantum Fisher information and quantum correlations predominantly for weak tunneling scenarios. However, in the strong tunneling regimes, the quantum Fisher information and quantum correlations cannot be continuously boosted by higher thermodynamic costs and decay once the system is overburdened with extremely large energy currents.
QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Kajetan Koperwas, Marian Paluch
Summary: In this study, the dipole-dipole correlations in strongly and weakly polar model liquids were analyzed using molecular dynamics simulations. It was found that the contribution of cross-correlations to the system's total dipole moment correlation function is negligible for weakly polar liquids, but dominates over the self-correlations for strongly polar liquids.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
He Wang, Jin Wang
Summary: We investigate the impact of mass, angular momentum, and local curvature or accelerations on the quantum correlations in a two-qubit system. Our results show that the quantum information is encoded in the spacetime structure and the quantum correlations are affected by mass, angular momentum, and curvature. We also demonstrate that nonequilibrium can increase the quantum correlations.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Alain Blanchard
Summary: Mapping the same volume of space with different tracers can provide additional information through the use of the multi-tracer technique. The cross-correlation of different probes allows for the measurement of bias parameter ratios that cannot be obtained otherwise. This approach is not sensitive to sampling variance noise and provides attractive perspectives for analysis.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Ugur Cetiner, Jeremy Gunawardena
Summary: In this study, the properties of steady-state probabilities are investigated. It is found that steady-state probabilities are related to the entropy along minimal paths and can be expressed as averages over a probability distribution on spanning trees. By applying Arrhenius rates to the arboreal distribution, a thermodynamic interpretation for steady-state probabilities is provided. This approach extends equilibrium statistical mechanics and reorganizes the complexity of the expression.
Article
Business, Finance
Yao Ma, Baochen Yang, Jinyong Li, Yue Shen
Summary: This study examines the role of analysts in the relationship between trend information and cross-sectional returns. The findings indicate that trend information regarding past price and trading volume significantly predicts future stock returns in the Chinese stock market. The impact of the trend effect is more prominent for stocks without analyst coverage or with low analyst coverage, suggesting that analysts play a vital role in disseminating information and facilitating its incorporation into stock prices.
PACIFIC-BASIN FINANCE JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Naruo Ohga, Sosuke Ito, Artemy Kolchinsky
Summary: The principle of microscopic reversibility states that in equilibrium, two-time cross-correlations are symmetric when observables are exchanged. The asymmetry of cross-correlations is therefore a fundamental, measurable, and frequently used statistical signature of non-equilibrium deviations. In this study, we have discovered a simple and universal inequality that limits the degree of asymmetry by the cycle affinity, which is the intensity of thermodynamic driving. Our findings apply to a wide range of systems and all state observables, indicating a fundamental thermodynamic cost associated with the asymmetry.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Sergio Davis
Summary: In this study, a classification of generalized ensembles in statistical mechanics is proposed based on the inverse temperature covariance parameter U, defining supercanonical and subcanonical ensembles. It is shown that U is equal in every region of a composite system in a steady state, and examples of supercanonical and subcanonical states are given.
PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Markus Rademacher, Michael Konopik, Maxime Debiossac, David Grass, Eric Lutz, Nikolai Kiesel
Summary: This study verifies the validity of fluctuation theorems in the presence of simultaneous mechanical and thermal changes by implementing fast and controlled temperature variations using feedback cooling techniques.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Lee Jinwoo
Summary: When a system is in equilibrium, external perturbations result in nonequilibrium distributions. Recent experiments have shown that these nonequilibrium data can contain critical information. Jinwoo and Tanaka mathematically prove that the nonequilibrium free energy profile of a process is connected to Jarzynski's work, which dissipates while molecules perform their tasks. We verify this fact numerically and provide an example of RNA translocation analysis using a computer simulation, confirming the efficiency of the process.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Michael Bley, Joachim Dzubiella
Summary: The study focused on the non-equilibrium behavior during fast diffusion-influenced polymerization, examining the impact of excess free energy on the system properties through computer simulations and statistical mechanics concepts.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Fernando Alvarez, Arantxa Arbe, Juan Colmenero
Summary: By conducting massive molecular dynamics simulations, the self- and cross-dipolar contributions to the dielectric relaxation of liquid water have been studied. The results show that cross dipolar correlations are of great importance, accounting for approximately 60% of the total dielectric amplitude. The relaxation function corresponding to the self-contribution is complex, while the cross dipolar relaxation function follows a one-step Debye-like function with a characteristic time comparable to the phenomenological Debye time. Additionally, translation and rotation of water molecules have been examined, showing similar behavior to uncoupled Brownian motion at certain time scales.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Kalil Bernardino, Mauro C. C. Ribeiro
Summary: Ionic liquids have unique physical properties due to strong ionic interactions, resulting in larger viscosities and densities compared to mixtures of neutral compounds. The direct effect of electrostatic interactions and liquid density on high viscosity has not been quantified, and the effects on shear thinning behavior have not been considered. This study used non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations to investigate these questions and explore the relationship between non-newtonian behavior and intermolecular structure.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Umberto Marini Bettolo Marconi, Lorenzo Caprini, Andrea Puglisi
Summary: Researchers derived the hydrodynamics for a system of N active, spherical, underdamped particles, considering density, polarization, velocity, and kinetic temperature fields, and predicting spatial equal-time velocity correlations in active liquids. In active liquids, the correlation length of transverse velocity fluctuations is significantly shorter than that of longitudinal fluctuations, with the latter depending on sound speed and persistence time, while the former shows weaker dependence on these parameters. They also derived the dynamical structure factors and intermediate scattering functions within the same framework, finding that velocity decorrelates on a much longer time-scale compared to passive fluids.
NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Cristian Pattaro, Giulia Barbieri, Luisa Foco, Christian X. Weichenberger, Roberta Biasiotto, Alessandro De Grandi, Christian Fuchsberger, Clemens Egger, Vera S. C. Amon, Andrew A. Hicks, Michael Mian, Angelika Mahlknecht, Stefano Lombardo, Horand Meier, Helmuth Weiss, Robert Rainer, Christian Dejaco, Gunter Weiss, Enrico Lavezzo, Andrea Crisanti, Massimo Pizzato, Francisco S. Domingues, Deborah Mascalzoni, Martin Gogele, Roberto Melotti, Peter P. Pramstaller
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic poses a threat to healthcare and socioeconomic systems, prompting the CHRIS study to design a prospective study, CHRIS COVID-19, to investigate the determinants of SARS-CoV-2 infection and monitor the immune response of infected participants. The study, which originated from a collaboration between researchers and community stakeholders, aims to generate knowledge about the epidemiological, molecular, and genetic characterization of COVID-19 and its long-term effects.
PATHOGENS AND GLOBAL HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alessia Lai, Annalisa Bergna, Stefano Toppo, Marina Morganti, Stefano Menzo, Valeria Ghisetti, Bianca Bruzzone, Mauro Codeluppi, Vito Fiore, Emmanuele Venanzi Rullo, Guido Antonelli, Loredana Sarmati, Gaetano Brindicci, Annapaola Callegaro, Caterina Sagnelli, Daniela Francisci, Ilaria Vicenti, Arianna Miola, Giovanni Tonon, Daniela Cirillo, Ilaria Menozzi, Sara Caucci, Francesco Cerutti, Andrea Orsi, Roberta Schiavo, Sergio Babudieri, Giuseppe Nunnari, Claudio M. Mastroianni, Massimo Andreoni, Laura Monno, Davide Guarneri, Nicola Coppola, Andrea Crisanti, Massimo Galli, Gianguglielmo Zehender
Summary: This study characterized new SARS-CoV-2 genomes sampled in Italy and investigated the origin and evolutionary dynamics of the virus in Italy and Europe. The findings suggest that China and Italy played significant roles in the widespread transmission of the virus in Europe during the early phase of the pandemic.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Rachel M. Gittelman, Enrico Lavezzo, Thomas M. Snyder, H. Jabran Zahid, Cara L. Carty, Rebecca Elyanow, Sudeb Dalai, Ilan Kirsch, Lance Baldo, Laura Manuto, Elisa Franchin, Claudia Del Vecchio, Monia Pacenti, Caterina Boldrin, Margherita Cattai, Francesca Saluzzo, Andrea Padoan, Mario Plebani, Fabio Simeoni, Jessica Bordini, Nicola Lore, Dejan Lazarevic, Daniela M. Cirillo, Paolo Ghia, Stefano Toppo, Jonathan M. Carlson, Harlan S. Robins, Andrea Crisanti, Giovanni Tonon
Summary: This study investigates the role of T cells in the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, demonstrating their importance in both clinical presentation and long-term immunity. The findings show that T cells contribute to the production of neutralizing antibodies and remain detectable up to 15 months after infection.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Claudio Maggi, Nicoletta Gnan, Matteo Paoluzzi, Emanuela Zaccarelli, Andrea Crisanti
Summary: This paper studies an active particles system near the motility-induced critical point and demonstrates that a nonequilibrium coloured noise field can capture the coarse-grained behavior of the system. The study shows that active particles violate the equilibrium fluctuation-dissipation in the high-wave-vector and high-frequency regime, but the critical dynamics is effectively in equilibrium at larger spatiotemporal scales. A field-theoretical description using a space-time correlated noise field qualitatively captures the numerical results.
COMMUNICATIONS PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Enrico Lavezzo, Monia Pacenti, Laura Manuto, Caterina Boldrin, Margherita Cattai, Marco Grazioli, Federico Bianca, Margherita Sartori, Federico Caldart, Gioele Castelli, Michele Nicoletti, Eleonora Nieddu, Elisa Salvadoretti, Beatrice Labella, Ludovico Fava, Maria Cristina Vanuzzo, Vittoria Lisi, Maria Antonello, Carmela Ileana Grimaldi, Chiara Zulian, Claudia Del Vecchio, Mario Plebani, Andrea Padoan, Daniela Maria Cirillo, Alessandra R. Brazzale, Giovanni Tonon, Stefano Toppo, Ilaria Dorigatti, Andrea Crisanti
Summary: The study investigated the long-term antibody persistence in previously infected individuals and the extent of antibody-mediated protection against different SARS-CoV-2 variants in vaccinated and unvaccinated subjects.
Article
Ophthalmology
Stefano Ferrari, Elena Franco, Claudia Del Vecchio, Ilaria Zorzi, Elisa Fasolo, Andrea Crisanti, Diego Ponzin
Summary: By analyzing corneal tissues from asymptomatic donors with SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected in postmortem nasopharyngeal swab tests, this study found that the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in corneas is more likely due to prolonged detection of RNA rather than active viral replication. There is a very low risk of infectivity and transmission through corneal transplantation.
BMJ OPEN OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Paola Pollegioni, Tania Persampieri, Roxana L. Minuz, Alessandro Bucci, Alessandro Trusso, Salvatore Di Martino, Chiara Leo, Marco Bruttini, Marco Ciolfi, Ann-Marie Waldvogel, Frederic Tripet, Alekos Simoni, Andrea Crisanti, Ruth Mueller
Summary: The development of genetically modified mosquitoes (GMM) and their subsequent field release provides innovative approaches for controlling malaria vectors. A non-gene drive self-limiting male-bias Ag(PMB)1 strain has been developed in Anopheles gambiae s.l. However, the functionality of the transgene could differ when inserted in different genetic backgrounds of Anopheles coluzzii, which could be a potential recipient for the release of self-limiting GMMs. In this study, the transgene from Ag(PMB)1 strain was introgressed into two recipient colonies of An. coluzzii through backcrossing, and the results showed nearly complete introgression of chromosomes 3 and X, but significant genomic divergence in a region of chromosome 2.
INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Claudia Del Vecchio, Bethan Cracknell Daniels, Giuseppina Brancaccio, Alessandra Rosalba Brazzale, Enrico Lavezzo, Constanze Ciavarella, Francesco Onelia, Elisa Franchin, Laura Manuto, Federico Bianca, Vito Cianci, Anna Maria Cattelan, Ilaria Dorigatti, Stefano Toppo, Andrea Crisanti
Summary: Antigen tests are widely used for COVID-19 population testing, but they have limitations in detecting variant strains of the virus. Molecular testing should be retained alongside antigen testing for surveillance purposes to improve detection accuracy.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Ioanna Morianou, Andrea Crisanti, Tony Nolan, Andrew M. Hammond
Summary: The introduction of small unmarked edits to the genome of insects is essential for studying important biological traits. A two-step method based on CRISPR-mediated cassette exchange (CriMCE) has been developed to facilitate the generation and isolation of precise marker-less edits. This method has shown higher rates of editing compared to homology-directed repair or prime editing.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Lorenzo Caprini, Umberto Marini Bettolo Marconi, Andrea Puglisi, Hartmut Lowen
Summary: This study considers an active crystal composed of self-propelled particles in a non-equilibrium steady-state governed by entropy production. By calculating the entropy production spectrum, the concept of entropons is proposed as vibrational collective excitations responsible for entropy production. Entropons are generated exclusively by activity and coexist with phonons but dominate over them for strong self-propulsion. The existence of entropons can be confirmed in experiments on dense self-propelled colloidal Janus particles, granular active matter, and living systems such as dense cell monolayers.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Andrea Crisanti, Matteo Paoluzzi
Summary: By using the path integral representation approach, we calculate the most probable path followed by an active particle under persistent noise between arbitrary starting and final points. We specifically analyze the case of active particles in harmonic potentials, which allows for analytical computation of trajectories. By extending the Markovian dynamics to include an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process for self-propulsion, we are able to analytically compute trajectories under arbitrary position and self-propulsion velocity conditions. We validate the analytical predictions with numerical simulations and compare the results with those obtained using approximate equilibrium-like dynamics.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
D. Lucente, A. Baldassarri, A. Puglisi, A. Vulpiani, M. Viale
Summary: Data and theoretical arguments are crucial for modeling physical systems, but estimating the distance from equilibrium based on series of scalar data with Gaussian statistics is generally problematic. This difficulty also arises when dealing with time-correlated data.
PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Claudio Maggi, Matteo Paoluzzi, Andrea Crisanti, Emanuela Zaccarelli, Nicoletta Gnan
Summary: Through large-scale computer simulations, we investigated the critical behavior of an off-lattice two-dimensional model of active particles undergoing motility-induced phase separation, and found that it belongs to the Ising universality class. We also studied the critical behavior of the kinetic temperature difference between the two active phases, which exhibited a behavior consistent with mean-field theory.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
A. Plati, L. de Arcangelis, A. Gnoli, E. Lippiello, A. Puglisi, A. Sarracino
Summary: By investigating the kinetic energy acquired by a dense granular system driven by external vibration and its dependence on input energy, it was found that there exists an optimal forcing frequency for maximal kinetic energy. The system dissipates more energy beyond this threshold, leading to a colder and more viscous state. Surprisingly, a nonmonotonic behavior was observed for sufficiently low vibration amplitudes, showing a striking difference from a standard resonance mechanism.
PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH
(2021)