Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Geon Gug Yang, Hee Jae Choi, Kyu Hyo Han, Jang Hwan Kim, Chan Woo Lee, Edwin Ino Jung, Hyeong Min Jin, Sang Ouk Kim
Summary: BCP nanopatterning is a versatile nanoscale fabrication tool with promising applications in semiconductor devices and other fields. Its low cost and straightforward processing enable the formation of dense nanoscale features over large areas, offering advantages over traditional photolithographic processes. This review highlights recent progress in BCP nanopatterning for various nonsemiconductor applications and discusses current limitations and future research directions.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Lie Chen, Guanqi Wen, Tao Yang, Peter Bennett, Qibiao Yang, Dun Liu
Summary: Hydrophobic/superhydrophobic silicone rubber surfaces with disordered structures were prepared using nanosecond laser, and the fractal characteristics of the surfaces were investigated. The results showed that the fractal structures on the surfaces could roughly reflect the increasing trend of their hydrophobicity. Additionally, the solid fraction and fractal parameters were found useful in predicting the contact angles of the surfaces.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Beidi Chen, Nianyao Chai, Jinyong Zhang, Lin Ren, Weimin Wang, Fan Zhang, Xuewen Wang, Zhengyi Fu
Summary: In this paper, a novel approach to create hierarchical micro-nano surface structures on B4C using femtosecond laser irradiation is proposed. The results show that the phase structure of the sample changes after irradiation, and the wetting performance of the solution on B4C is significantly improved. This work provides a new idea for enhancing the wetting of metal/ceramic systems.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Verda Saygin, Bowen Xu, Sean B. Andersson, Keith A. Brown
Summary: This study presents a closed-loop method for patterning liquid samples at nanoscale using scanning probe lithography, achieving high accuracy and precision through the use of tipless scanning probes and a novel two-harmonic inertial sensing scheme. By combining fluid mechanics-based iterative control, real-time closed-loop control over patterning is achieved, making scanning probe lithography of liquids a promising candidate for nanoscale manipulation of liquids in high-throughput chemistry.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Jiazhao Long, Shengkai Liu, Nana Li, Guangli Yuan, Yiting Liu, Qingyi Huang, Jiyu Li, Haoran Zhang, Meng Wang
Summary: This paper introduces an innovative approach to fabricate smart surfaces with strong pH-responsiveness by combining femtosecond laser direct writing (LDW) processing technology with stimulus-responsive polymer grafting. The fabricated smart surfaces exhibit robust and rapid responsiveness to acidic and basic droplets, providing potential applications in microfluidic devices, intelligent sensors, and biomedicine.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Verda Saygin, Sean B. Andersson, Keith A. Brown
Summary: This article introduces a novel method for programmable nanopatterning of liquid features at the fg-scale using ultrafast atomic force microscopy probes, spherical tips, and inertial mass sensing. It is found that sphere-tipped ultrafast probes can reliably pattern hundreds of features. Analysis of the changes in vibrational resonance frequency during the process reveals that drift can be removed through systematic correction. The study also shows that the mass of transferred fluid can be modulated by retraction speed and dwell time, and liquid features as small as 6 fg can be patterned and resolved.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Shenghong Liu, Jing Wang, Jiefan Shao, Decai Ouyang, Wenjing Zhang, Shiyuan Liu, Yuan Li, Tianyou Zhai
Summary: This article reviews the recent development of nanopatterning technologies for 2D materials, discusses the need to advance these materials and devices to the industrial integrated circuit level, and explores the opportunities and challenges they present.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Luminita Nicoleta Dumitrescu, Eusebiu-Rosini Ionita, Ruxandra Birjega, Andrada Lazea-Stoyanova, Maria-Daniela Ionita, George Epurescu, Ana-Maria Banici, Simona Brajnicov, Florin Andrei, Andreea Matei
Summary: This study presents the deposition of thin films of lamellar clays using laser techniques, focusing on the optimization of deposition parameters to achieve highly oriented crystalline films. The films were characterized using various techniques and different wetting properties were achieved by adjusting the deposition techniques and parameters.
Article
Optics
Xi Chen, Zhenglong Lei, Yanbin Chen, Meng Jiang, Nan Jiang, Jiang Bi, Sanbao Lin
Summary: This study utilized femtosecond laser texturing on Ti alloy surface to enhance the wetting behavior in laser welding-brazing of Ti/Al butt joint. Different laser power and structure patterns were used for Ti surface fabrication, with the strip pattern at 1.5 W showing the best hydrophilicity. The femtosecond laser-textured microcosmic morphology improved wetting behaviors and bonding quality in the joint, as confirmed by microhardness and mechanical properties testing.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Su Eon Lee, Simon Kim, Jun Hyun Park, Ho Jun Jin, Hwa Soo Kim, Jang Hwan Kim, Hyeong Min Jin, Bong Hoon Kim
Summary: This study demonstrates a novel method to fabricate highly aligned lamellar nanostructures in a millimeter-scale large area by directing the self-assembly of block copolymer (BCP) thin films with a temporary thickness-gradient micropattern via simple two-step thermal annealing. The first step of thermal annealing guides the BCP nanostructure through geometric anchoring, while the second step causes thermal reflow of the height gradient micropattern to flatten it. The shear stress generated by thermal reflow enlarges the grain of the BCP nanostructure, resulting in a highly aligned lamellar pattern over the entire area. Finally, grazing-incidence small-angle x-ray scattering ensures the formation of periodic nanopatterns in large area.
JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
S. Zahra Hosseine Amirhandeh, Amin Salem, Shiva Salem
Summary: This study explores the use of silica powders extracted from rice husk for the treatment of tannery wastewater. The effect of aging time on the adsorptive performance of silica is evaluated, and the sono-chemically prepared silica demonstrates good decontamination ability for tannery wastewater.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Peter T. Smith, Carolin B. Wahl, Jenny K. Hedlund Orbeck, Chad A. Mirkin
Summary: Megalibraries are centimeter-scale chips that contain millions to billions of materials with individually addressable properties. They can accelerate the synthesis and characterization of new materials, generating large amounts of data for training machine learning algorithms.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Guanpeng Liu, Yulong Li, Min Lei, Ming Yan, Xiaowu Hu, Wenqin Wang, Xuewen Li
Summary: The study successfully fabricated a micron-scale porous structure on the surface of commercially-pure Ti, with a large number of silver nanoparticles dispersed on the surfaces of the pores. The microstructure characteristics and chemical compositions of the porous structure were characterized in detail, providing a new strategy for the design or surface modification of advanced porous Ti materials.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Dandan Yuan, Jun Li, Jiaxu Huang, Min Wang, Shaolin Xu, Xinwei Wang
Summary: Large-scale nanopatterning is crucial for the practical applications of metasurfaces, and phase-change materials have attracted significant attention for their tunable function and high absorption performance. In this study, an efficient method combining ultrafast laser modification and subsequent etching was developed to fabricate nanostructures on a phase-change material, Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST), over a wafer-sized area. The size and period of the nanostructures can be tuned by adjusting laser parameters and etching conditions. The fabricated metasurface absorber using GST as resonators achieved dual-band and tri-band absorption peaks in the mid-infrared range, with a peak absorptivity of approximately 92%. By converting GST from amorphous to crystalline state, a broad absorption spectral redshift of 700 nm was achieved.
ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Gyanendra Singh, Edouard Lesne, Dag Winkler, Tord Claeson, Thilo Bauch, Floriana Lombardi, Andrea D. Caviglia, Alexei Kalaboukhov
Summary: The interface between LaAlO3 and SrTiO3 exhibits unique properties such as two-dimensional superconductivity and giant Rashba spin-orbit coupling, making it a promising platform for unconventional superconducting pairing. By using high-resolution electron beam lithography and low-energy argon ion beam irradiation, artificial superconducting weak links with controlled barrier transparency can be fabricated at the interface without lift-off steps or sacrificial layers. This method offers new possibilities for the realization of quantum devices in oxide interfaces.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Stefan Luding, Kianoosh Taghizadeh, Chao Cheng, Lou Kondic
Summary: This study examines the evolution of dense granular systems in three dimensions during slow compression and decompression. It finds that the transitions in the system involve both smooth and continuous reversible events, as well as fast and discontinuous irreversible events. The analysis using persistent homology reveals that kinetic energy is correlated with the strength of rearrangements, while global mechanical measures, such as pressure, are strongly correlated with the evolution of topological measures quantifying loops in the force network. Surprisingly, some transitions are detected by persistent homology even when particle motion or rearrangement is weak or not observed at all.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
David A. Garfinkel, Vasudevan Iyer, Robyn Seils, Grace Pakeltis, Marc R. Bourgeois, Andrew W. Rossi, Clay Klein, Benjamin J. Lawrie, David J. Masiello, Philip D. Rack
Summary: Trimer meta-atoms composed of three gold rods were fabricated and their near-field plasmonic responses were characterized. The magnetic and electric modes of the trimer structure could be tuned by changing the length of the rods. The study also found that the intensity of the electric mode increased more than expected, while the magnetic mode showed the expected tilt dependence. This research opens up new possibilities for studying the nanoscale excited-state of other magnetic meta-atom structures.
ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
David A. Garfinkel, Nan Tang, Grace Pakeltis, Reece Emery, Ilia N. Ivanov, Dustin A. Gilbert, Philip D. Rack
Summary: The magnetic and optical properties of AuxCo1-x thin films and nanoparticles can be tuned by controlling their chemical composition and morphology. Annealing leads to phase separation and enhances the magnetic properties. The optical properties are greatly influenced by the chemical morphology, where phase separation enhances the quality factor and optical absorption.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
B. Gu, L. Kondic, L. J. Cummings
Summary: The study demonstrates that the variations in porosity of membrane filters, induced by changes in pore radii or random pore networks, significantly affect their performance. Additionally, network and pore size variations play a role, particularly when pore radii variations are significant.
JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Leo Saturday, Chris Luck, Leslie Wilson, Jason D. Fowlkes, Philip D. Rack, Nicholas J. Evans
Summary: This study presents a method to simulate the Spallation Neutron Source and characterize the thermal failure of NCD foils. A test stand with in situ diagnostics is used to track foil sublimation and thinning, and a COMSOL simulation is developed to assess potential changes to the NCD film and predict foil temperatures under different beam conditions.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sumeer R. Khanna, Michael G. Stanford, Ivan V. Vlassiouk, Philip D. Rack
Summary: In this study, CuxN1-x alloy thin films were used as catalysts for graphene growth at atmospheric pressure. By adjusting the alloy composition, the growth of graphene was controlled. The results showed that graphene primarily grew as a single layer when the Cu concentration (x) was above 69 at.%.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jason D. Fowlkes, Robert Winkler, Philip D. Rack, Harald Plank
Summary: This article presents an electron dose compensation strategy, called DBEA, to address the structural artifact issue caused by temperature gradient in 3D nanoprinting using focused electron beam-induced deposition. By modulating the electron dose, the deviations caused by temperature variations can be corrected, thus improving the printing accuracy.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
John Lasseter, Philip D. D. Rack, Steven J. J. Randolph
Summary: This study demonstrates the selective growth of high-purity gold films onto nanoscale 3D architectures using the Me2Au (acac) precursor and pulsed laser pyrolytic chemical vapor deposition. The high thermal resistance of the nanoscale geometries enables selective deposition. The effects of laser irradiance, pulse width, and precursor pressure on the growth rate were explored, and feature-targeting resolutions of approximately 100 and 5 μm were achieved using diode lasers coupled to multimode (915 nm) and single mode (785 nm) fiber optics, respectively. Finite element thermal modeling was used to rationalize the experimental results.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Binan Gu, Lou Kondic, Linda J. Cummings
Summary: Pore-size gradients are used to enhance the performance of membrane filters by increasing filter lifetime and improving the utilization of membrane pore volume. In this study, we investigated the impact of pore-size gradients on the efficiency of a membrane filter with interconnected tubelike pores using mathematical modeling. Our results suggest that there is an optimal pore-radius gradient that maximizes filter efficiency, independent of the maximum pore length. Additionally, filters with longer characteristic pore length perform better.
PHYSICAL REVIEW FLUIDS
(2023)
Article
Education, Special
Jason D. Fowlkes, Robert Winkler, Philip D. Rack, Harald Plank
Summary: 3D nanoprinting using focused electron beam-induced deposition is susceptible to structural distortions caused by temperature gradients. In this study, an electron dose compensation strategy called the Decelerating Beam Exposure Algorithm (DBEA) is proposed to correct for nanowire bending during computer-aided design. The DBEA utilizes an analytical solution derived from 3D nanoprinting simulations to offset undesired heating effects. This compensation strategy has the potential to improve the fidelity of 3D nanoscale printing.
RESEARCH IN AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jason D. Fowlkes, Robert Winkler, Philip D. Rack, Harald Plank
Summary: 3D nanoprinting using focused electron beam-induced deposition often results in structural artifacts caused by temperature gradients during the deposition process. Researchers have developed an electron dose compensation strategy to correct for these artifacts and improve the precision of 3D nanoprinting.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Rituparna Basak, Ryan Kozlowski, Luis A. Pugnaloni, M. Kramar, Joshua E. S. Socolar, C. Manuel Carlevaro, Lou Kondic
Summary: In this study, quasi-two-dimensional experiments were conducted with photoelastic particles confined to an annular region. It was found that an intruder constrained to move in a circular path halfway between the annular walls experiences stick-slip dynamics. The response of the granular medium to the driven intruder was discussed, with a focus on the evolution of the force network during sticking periods. The analysis of the force networks using topological measures based on persistence diagrams revealed identifiable slip precursors and characteristic features in the dynamics.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Timothy G. Lach, Chinthaka M. Silva, Yufan Zhou, Walker L. Boldman, Philip D. Rack, William J. Weber, Yanwen Zhang
Summary: This study investigates the behavior of two sets of near-equiatomic CoCrCuFeNi thin films under irradiation in different environments. The results demonstrate the influence of composition and environmental exposure on the stability of high entropy alloys under radiation, providing insights into controlling these behaviors.
NPJ MATERIALS DEGRADATION
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Luis A. Pugnaloni, C. Manuel Carlevaro, Ryan Kozlowski, Hu Zheng, Lou Kondic, Joshua E. S. Socolar
Summary: Experiments and simulations of an intruder dragged by a spring through a two-dimensional annulus of granular material show robust force fluctuations. A simple model predicts the relationship between the critical packing fraction and the width and diameter of the annulus, allowing for a data collapse. These findings challenge theories of mechanical failure in amorphous materials.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Miroslav Kramar, Chao Cheng, Rituparna Basak, Lou Kondic
Summary: This article studies a granular particle system subjected to externally applied shear stress and investigates the evolution of system behavior before a slip event. The study finds that system behavior measures can be divided into two groups: global measures and time-dependent measures. The time-dependent measures show significant changes and increased fluctuations before a slip event occurs.