Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Luigi Del Debbio, Alberto Ramos
Summary: Lattice QCD has established itself as a mature field, providing precise descriptions of the standard model and determining essential quantities such as the strong coupling constant. In addition, lattice calculations will be crucial in future phenomenological studies.
PHYSICS REPORTS-REVIEW SECTION OF PHYSICS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Y. Nakamura, G. Schierholz
Summary: The vacuum of quantum chromodynamics is studied regarding its nonperturbative structure and the connection with gauge field topology. The effect of the topological θ term is investigated using lattice methods and the gradient flow technique to isolate long-distance properties. It is found that the vacuum splits into disconnected topological sectors with different physical characteristics depending on the value of θ. When the bare vacuum angle |θ| is below a critical value, the color fields produced by quarks and gluons are screened, leading to the loss of confinement and providing a natural explanation for the strong CP problem. The renormalized vacuum angle θ flows to zero in the infrared limit, resulting in a self-consistent solution within QCD.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Grzegorz P. Mazur, Nick van Loo, Ji-Yin Wang, Tom Dvir, Guanzhong Wang, Aleksei Khindanov, Svetlana Korneychuk, Francesco Borsoi, Robin C. Dekker, Ghada Badawy, Peter Vinke, Sasa Gazibegovic, Erik P. A. M. Bakkers, Marina Quintero-Perez, Sebastian Heedt, Leo P. Kouwenhoven
Summary: This paper resolves the poor magnetic field compatibility issue of aluminum-based devices in superconducting quantum circuits by introducing adatoms of heavy elements. It is shown that the critical field of thin aluminum films can be increased by more than a factor of two. InSb nanowires strongly coupled to Al/Pt films can maintain superconductivity up to 7 T. The presence of heavy adatoms does not affect the two-electron charging effect.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Mattia Dalla Brida, Leonardo Giusti, Tim Harris, Michele Pepe
Summary: This study aims to solve the precise determination of the Hadronic contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment through multi-level Monte Carlo integration, reducing the variance of correlators to accelerate the simulation cost.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fang Wang, Johan Biscaras, Andreas Erb, Abhay Shukla
Summary: The research reveals the superconductor-insulator transition in two dimensions driven by a parameter other than temperature in Bi2.1Sr1.9 CaCu2O8+x through space charge doping technique. Critical parameters are determined and a method to estimate doping in the nonsuperconducting region is developed. The critical doping is found to be 0.057 holes/Cu, with a critical resistance of around 6.85 k Omega and a scaling exponent product vz of approximately 1.57.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Shubhalaxmi Rath, Binoy Krishna Patra
Summary: This study investigates the influence of strong magnetic fields on the viscous properties of hot QCD matter by calculating shear and bulk viscosities. It is found that both viscosities increase in the presence of a strong magnetic field, further enhanced by the addition of chemical potential. Additionally, the study observes changes in viscosity with temperature, where shear viscosity increases but bulk viscosity decreases, contrasting their behaviors in the absence of a magnetic field.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Alexander Weitzel, Lea Pfaffinger, Ilaria Maccari, Klaus Kronfeldner, Thomas Huber, Lorenz Fuchs, James Mallord, Sven Linzen, Evgeni Il'Ichev, Nicola Paradiso, Christoph Strunk
Summary: We conducted a comprehensive investigation of the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition in ultrathin strongly disordered NbN films. Our measurements of resistance, current-voltage characteristics, and kinetic inductance on the same device provide consistent evidence for a sharp unbinding transition of vortex-antivortex pairs, which can be explained by standard renormalization group theory without extra assumptions of inhomogeneity. Our experiments demonstrate that the previously observed broadening of the transition is not intrinsic to strongly disordered superconductors, and provide a clean starting point for studying dynamical effects at the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transition.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
M. Loewe, D. Valenzuela, R. Zamora
Summary: In this article, we explore the phase diagram associated with the symmetry breaking of a scalar self-interacting theory induced by temperature and the presence of an external electric field. We calculate the boson propagator in the presence of a constant external electric field in the weak and strong field strength limits. Novel expansions for the effective potential, valid for the entire temperature range, are derived. We find inverse electric catalysis in the weak field region, where the critical temperature decreases with increasing electric field strength, while electric catalysis emerges in the strong field region. These behaviors are valid for all possible temperature values.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
T. Thebault, M. Valiska, A. Pourret, D. Aoki, G. Knebel, D. Braithwaite, W. Knafo
Summary: In this study, the anisotropy of the electrical resistivity of UTe2 under intense magnetic fields was thoroughly investigated and two characteristic temperatures and a Fermiliquid-like coefficient A controlled by electronic correlations were extracted. The critical behavior near the metamagnetic transition and anisotropic scattering processes were observed. Magnetic fluctuations were proposed to contribute to the electrical resistivity through Kondo hybridization. This work calls for a microscopic modeling of the anisotropic contributions to the electrical resistivity as a milestone for understanding magnetically mediated superconductivity in UTe2.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hoyoung Jang, Sanghoon Song, Takumi Kihara, Yijin Liu, Sang-Jun Lee, Sang-Youn Park, Minseok Kim, Hyeong-Do Kim, Giacomo Coslovich, Suguru Nakata, Yuya Kubota, Ichiro Inoue, Kenji Tamasaku, Makina Yabashi, Heemin Lee, Changyong Song, Hiroyuki Nojiri, Bernhard Keimer, Chi-Chang Kao, Jun-Sik Lee
Summary: Researchers have found that the photoinduced normal state of high-T-c cuprates exhibits similar characteristics to those in equilibrium conditions under magnetic fields, such as the competition between superconductivity and charge density waves.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xi Chen, Yichao Wang, Yiping Wang, Rebecca L. Dally, Kamila Wiaderek, Tianyu Qiao, Jue Liu, Enyuan Hu, Kenneth Burch, Jeffrey W. Lynn, Xin Li
Summary: Electrochemical (de)intercalation is a precise method for controlling the alkaline ion composition in alkaline transition metal oxides. This process can create dynamically preferred structures with abnormal structure distortions, charge orderings, and dynamical activities. These findings highlight the potential of electrochemical processes in designing and creating novel quantum states.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
A. J. Macleod, J. P. Edwards, T. Heinzl, B. King, S. Bulanov
Summary: When photons propagate in vacuum, they can fluctuate into matter pairs and polarize the vacuum. This linear effect leads to charge screening and renormalization. Under intense background fields, a nonlinear effect can occur where the vacuum is polarized by higher powers of the background, breaking the superposition principle and allowing for light-by-light scattering mediated through virtual pairs dressed by the background. This investigation shows that multiple scattering processes of this type can be observed using high-energy laser pulses and allows for testing the nonlinear regime of strong-field quantum electrodynamics.
NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Enze Zhang, Xian Xu, Ce Huang, Yi-Chao Zou, Linfeng Ai, Shanshan Liu, Pengliang Leng, Zehao Jia, Yuda Zhang, Minhao Zhao, Zihan Li, Yunkun Yang, Jinyu Liu, Sarah J. Haigh, Zhiqiang Mao, Faxian Xiu
Summary: The study discovered a dissipationless re-entrant state and a significant drop in magnetoresistance in Ta2PdS5 nanostrips. Time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau calculations revealed that the phenomenon is due to the increased energy barrier suppressing vortex motion at the edges. Both experiments and simulations demonstrate that this giant re-entrance of superconductivity occurs only in certain geometrical regimes.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Aviram Uri, Sergio C. de la Barrera, Mallika T. Randeria, Daniel Rodan-Legrain, Trithep Devakul, Philip J. D. Crowley, Nisarga Paul, Kenji Watanabe, Takashi Taniguchi, Ron Lifshitz, Liang Fu, Raymond C. Ashoori, Pablo Jarillo-Herrero
Summary: Researchers have created a highly tunable quasicrystal structure by twisting three layers of graphene and forming two mutually incommensurate moire patterns. This 'moire quasicrystal' allows for control over the electronic system between periodic and quasiperiodic regimes, and exhibits superconductivity and flavour-symmetry-breaking phase transitions.
Editorial Material
Nuclear Science & Technology
Ralf Rapp
Summary: The STAR collaboration at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider has reported a significant suppression of various bottomonium states in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. This observation is consistent with the formation of a quark-gluon plasma, but recent findings at the Large Hadron Collider suggest the need for additional mechanisms to provide a coherent explanation.
NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
M. N. Chernodub
Summary: Due to quantum effects, certain (semi-) conductors exhibit asymmetry in their mechanical and conducting properties with respect to opposite rotations. By using a cylinder made of a suitably chosen semiconductor coated in a metallic film and placed in a magnetic-field background, a rotational diode can be created, conducting electricity only at specific ranges of angular frequencies.
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Victor E. Ambrus, M. N. Chernodub
Summary: We argue that the enhancement in the spin polarization of anti-hyperons compared to the polarization of the hyperons in noncentral relativistic heavy-ion collisions arises as a result of an interplay between the chiral and helical vortical effects. Assuming the spin vector dominance, we are able to describe the ratio of the (anti)hyperon spin polarizations obtained by the STAR group without fitting parameters.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Maxim N. Chernodub, Julien Garaud, Dmitri E. Kharzeev
Summary: Our paper explores the Chiral Magnetic Josephson junction (CMJ junction) composed of two non-centrosymmetric superconductors connected by a uniaxial ferromagnet. This structure shows an analog of the Chiral Magnetic Effect and has potential applications as a qubit with a tunable Hamiltonian. The CMJ junction offers a simpler and more robust architecture without the need for an offset magnetic flux, providing strong protection against noise from magnetization fluctuations.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
V. V. Braguta, I. E. Kudrov, A. A. Roenko, D. A. Sychev, M. N. Chernodub
Summary: The effect of uniform rotation on the equation of state of gluodynamics in lattice simulation was studied. The system was considered in the corotating reference frame, where rotation was modeled as an external gravitational field. The free energy of the system, for sufficiently slow rotation, was expanded as a power series in the angular velocity. The moment of inertia, calculated as the second-order coefficient of this expansion, was found to be negatively dependent on temperature up to T * ≈ 1.5T(c), the critical temperature of the confinement/deconfinement phase transition. The negative moment of inertia was attributed to the thermodynamic instability of the gluon plasma with respect to uniform rotation.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
M. N. Chernodub, V. A. Goy, A. V. Molochkov
Summary: Using lattice simulations, we show that a strong magnetic field induces two consecutive crossover transitions in the electroweak sector of the vacuum, resulting in significant changes in the dynamics of the W bosons and Higgs particles. The first transition leads to the formation of inhomogeneous structures, indicating the presence of W and Z condensates pierced by vortices. These condensates give rise to exotic superconducting and superfluid properties. The second transition restores the electroweak symmetry. Such conditions can be found near magnetized black holes.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
M. N. Chernodub, V. A. Goy, A. Molochkov
Summary: We present the results of numerical simulations on rotating Euclidean SU(3) Yang-Mills plasma and find the emergence of a spatially inhomogeneous confining-deconfining phase. Mapping the results to Minkowski spacetime suggests the existence of a new inhomogeneous phase with both confining and deconfinement phases. The inhomogeneous phase structure originates from the Tolman-Ehrenfest effect in a rotating medium. We also derive the Euclidean version of the Tolman-Ehrenfest law and discuss two temperature definitions in imaginary Euclidean rotation.
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Victor E. Ambrus, M. N. Chernodub
Summary: The helicity of free massless Dirac fermions is a conserved quantity in the classical equations of motion. The flow of helicity can be modeled by the helicity current, induced by vorticity in a medium with charge imbalance. This leads to new non-dissipative transport phenomena and the appearance of a new hydrodynamic excitation, the helical vortical wave.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
M. N. Chernodub, V. A. Goy, A. Molochkov, A. S. Tanashkin
Summary: This study investigates the confining phase and the deconfining transition in compact U(1) gauge theory using numerical simulations. The presence of ideally conducting parallel metallic boundaries is found to induce the deconfining transition as the interplane distance decreases.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Maxim N. Chernodub, Peter Millington
Summary: This study proposes a method to evaluate the group of similarity transformations that act on a space of non-Hermitian scalar theories. The introduction of a similarity gauge field leads to new effects, including instability in high-energy scalar particles, which are determined by the strength of the emergent similarity gauge field.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
M. N. Chernodub, Alberto Cortijo, Marco Ruggieri
Summary: The study reveals the emergence of a non-Hermitian PT-symmetric ground state in the standard Hermitian Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, characterized by a noncompact non-Hermitian symmetry group that can be spontaneously broken under different coupling regimes. The ground state exhibits inhomogeneity at strong coupling while maintaining spatial uniformity at weak coupling, lying between the PT-symmetric and PT-broken phases. Outside the chiral limit, the minimal NJL model does not have a stable non-Hermitian ground state.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
A. M. Begun, M. N. Chernodub, A. Molochkov
Summary: In this study, the phase diagram and properties of global vortices in the non-Hermitian parity-timesymmetric relativistic model with two interacting scalar complex fields were discussed. The model exhibits stable PT-symmetric regions, unstable PT-broken regions, and rich patterns in the parameter space, intertwining with U(1)-symmetric and U(1)-broken phases. The non-Hermitian two-component model displays much richer dynamics than its Hermitian counterpart, particularly in the context of vortex solutions and mutual dissipative dynamics of different condensates.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
M. N. Chernodub, Victor E. Ambrus
Summary: The helicity chemical potential is thermodynamically relevant in theories with mass gap generation. The presence of helical density affects the phase diagram of dense quark matter. With increasing helical density, the chiral transition changes from a first-order transition to a soft crossover.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
M. N. Chernodub
Summary: In this paper, the effects of rotation on the confining properties of gauge theories, with a focus on compact electrodynamics in two spatial dimensions, are discussed. It is shown that rotation leads to a deconfining transition at a certain distance from the rotation axis, creating a mixed inhomogeneous phase in a uniformly rotating confining system. This has implications for the phase diagram of QCD, suggesting an inverse hadronization effect for uniformly rotating quark-gluon plasma.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
M. N. Chernodub, Eda Kilincarslan
Summary: In this study, a kinetic theory of massless fermions was modified to include the effects of the conformal anomaly by introducing a momentum-dependent electric coupling. The interplay between the axial and conformal anomalies generates an axial current related to the helicity flow of the electromagnetic background. The corresponding conductivity is determined by the running of the electric coupling between the tip of the Dirac cone and the Fermi surface.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
D. L. Boyda, M. N. Chernodub, N. Gerasimeniuk, V. A. Goy, S. D. Liubimov, A. Molochkov
Summary: The study demonstrates that machine learning techniques can be used to build gauge-invariant functions, find correlations, and establish order parameters for phase transitions in lattice gauge theories.
