Article
Engineering, Environmental
Ashley B. Davidson, Chris Holmden, Sulung Nomosatryo, Cynthia Henny, Roger Francois, Sean A. Crowe
Summary: The leaching of lateritic soils in Central Sulawesi Island, Indonesia can lead to drainage waters with high concentrations of Cr(VI). A remediation strategy involving FeSO4 solutions effectively removes Cr(VI) from the drainage, but the presence of Mn oxides may cause the oxidative remobilization of Cr(III) and lead to an increase in Cr(VI) concentration downstream. Further improvements to Cr(VI) remediation should focus on preventing the back reaction of Cr(III) with Mn oxides.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Da-Peng Sun, Hong-Fei Bai, Wen-Zheng Xu, Shou-Yu Wang, Xiao-Guang Wu, Hui Jia, Chen Liu, Bin Qi, Guang-Sheng Li, Yun Zheng, Cong-Bo Li, Zhi-Quan Li, Shuo Wang, Lin Mu, Nai-Bo Zhang, Rui-Ju Guo, Aman Rohilla
Summary: Excited states of Sn-119 were studied using an in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopic technique and a new bandlike structure resulting from deformed 2p-2h proton excitations across the Z = 50 closed shell was discovered. This observation extends the boundaries of the deformed 2p-2h collective band to A = 119 in Sn isotopes.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
M. Bernal-Choban, H. L. Smith, C. N. Saunders, D. S. Kim, L. Mauger, D. L. Abernathy, B. Fultz
Summary: The phonon densities of states (DOSs) of body-centered cubic chromium were studied above the Néel temperature using time-of-flight inelastic neutron scattering. Experimental results showed a significant softening of the phonon DOSs with increasing temperature. The high-transverse phonon branch softened by about 17%, while the low-transverse branch softened by approximately half of that. The calculated vibrational entropies from phonons and electrons agreed well with the entropy obtained by calorimetry, suggesting that there were no explicit temperature-dependent magnetic contributions above 330 K.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Soyeun Kim, Yinchuan Lv, Xiao-Qi Sun, Chengxi Zhao, Nina Bielinski, Azel Murzabekova, Kejian Qu, Ryan A. Duncan, Quynh L. D. Nguyen, Mariano Trigo, Daniel P. Shoemaker, Barry Bradlyn, Fahad Mahmood
Summary: Using time-domain terahertz emission spectroscopy, we observe coherent and narrowband terahertz radiation emitted from (TaSe4)(2)I material under transient photoexcitation at low temperatures, indicating the existence of a phason coupled to long-range Coulomb interactions. These findings highlight the role of long-range interactions in determining the nature of collective excitations in materials with modulated charge or spin order.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jin Chen, Qingqing Mei, Yinlin Chen, Christopher Marsh, Bing An, Xue Han, Ian P. Silverwood, Ming Li, Yongqiang Cheng, Meng He, Xi Chen, Weiyao Li, Meredydd Kippax-Jones, Danielle Crawshaw, Mark D. Frogley, Sarah J. Day, Victoria Garcia -Sakai, Pascal Manuel, Anibal J. Ramirez-Cuesta, Sihai Yang, Martin Schroeder
Summary: Studying a porous material with rapid proton conduction, researchers have discovered a low activation energy record that allows stable performance over a wide temperature range. By investigating the molecular mechanism of proton diffusion within the material, they have revealed the pathways of proton transport.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
C. Pareige, A. Etienne, P-m. Gueye, A. Medvedev, C. Kaden, M. J. Konstantinovic, L. Malerba
Summary: This paper presents an atom probe investigation of the microstructural evolution of FeCr-NiSiP alloys under ion and neutron irradiation, highlighting the differences and commonalities between the two types of irradiation and the influence of minor elements on the formation of solute rich clusters (SRCs) and alpha' clusters.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Nuclear
S. Sidorov, D. Zhulyaeva, T. Tretyakova
Summary: This study investigates excited states in the low-energy spectra of Ni70-76. It employs pairing forces in the form of surface delta interaction to explain the formation of the ground state multiplet with seniority nu = 2 states. The splitting of the multiplet is described using mass relationships of neighboring nuclei. The seniority model is then used to reproduce or predict specific states in odd-even isotopes and even-even isotopes. The results are compared with the structure of similar multiplets in N = 50 isotones.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Jonathan Ho, Charbel Farhat
Summary: Embedded boundary methods are useful for aerodynamic optimization problems with large shape deformations and surface topology changes. However, it is important to ensure their smoothness and reliability. This paper demonstrates the potential of shape-differentiable embedded boundary methods in discovering optimal aerodynamic designs.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Walter Bomela, Michael Sebek, Raphael Nagao, Bharat Singhal, Istvan Z. Kiss, Jr-Shin Li
Summary: The breakdown of spatiotemporal organization in networks can lead to diseases or large-scale malfunctions. To restore function, it is important to identify the optimal intervention site for re-stabilizing network behavior. By analyzing stability and identifying the most influential node, an optimal intervention strategy can be determined.
Article
Ecology
Ramona J. Heim, Andrey Yurtaev, Anna Bucharova, Wieland Heim, Valeriya Kutskir, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Christian Lampei, Alexandr Pechkin, Dora Schilling, Farid Sulkarnaev, Norbert Hoelzel
Summary: This study used a space-for-time approach to investigate the long-term effects of tundra fires on carbon and nitrogen stocks and cycling. The results showed that tundra fires had no long-term effect on carbon and nitrogen stocks in soil, but had a strong impact on aboveground vegetation stocks. The fires also resulted in a decrease in nitrogen concentrations in graminoids and herbs, indicating increased post-fire competition.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Xin-Rui Zhang, Gen Zhang, Jing-Jing Li, Shi-Hui Cheng, Zhong Liu, Feng-Shou Zhang
Summary: This study investigates the role of driving potentials in different orientation configurations in the Kr-86 + Er-166 and Hg-204 + Th-232 reactions. It is found that the Coulomb potential predominantly affects the driving potential in the mass number range of 52-200, while the nuclear potential becomes significant for mass numbers outside this range. In the Hg-204 + Th-232 reaction, the tip-to-tip configuration leads to the production of unknown neutron-rich isotopes due to the inverse quasifission process. The optimal incident energy is determined to be 678.1 MeV.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
N. Precisvalle, G. Beltrami, M. Ardit, C. Giacobbe, L. Pasti, T. Chenet, A. Martucci
Summary: In this study, the acid form of zeolite L (H-LTL) was characterized structurally by synchrotron X-ray diffraction. The results showed significant changes in the channel aperture and host-guest interactions during heating. The formation of Lewis acid sites from the conversion of Bronsted sites was observed, indicating the high thermal stability and adaptability of the acidic L-zeolite.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Frederik Ossler, Charles E. A. Finney, Jeffrey M. Warren, Jean-Christophe Bilheux, Yuxuan Zhang, Rebecca A. Mills, Louis J. Santodonato, Hassina Z. Bilheux
Summary: This study presents a detailed method to extract information on structural transformation and elemental hydrogen content during slow vacuum pyrolysis of wood and pelletized biomass. By comparing the spatial distribution of different elements using neutron imaging and X-ray tomography, the study provides insights into the correlations between hydrogen and carbon release dynamics. The developed methodology could potentially be applied to monitor other hydrogenous reacting systems in real time.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Hagai B. Perets, Paz Beniamini
Summary: Research suggests that the large spatial offsets of various transients can be naturally explained by the highly extended stellar populations in early-type galaxies, without the need for large velocity kicks or halo globular-cluster environments. The type of host galaxy affects the offset distribution of transients, with older stellar populations in early-type galaxies contributing to a larger proportion of large-offset transients.
MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Camila Areias, Catia Fernandes Barbosa, Anna Paula Soares Cruz, Judith A. McKenzie, Daniel Ariztegui, Timothy Eglinton, Negar Haghipour, Crisogono Vasconcelos, Monica Sanchez-Roman
Summary: Lipid-biomarkers have been used to reconstruct environmental changes in lacustrine systems and it is found that sediment characteristics are closely related to climate change, sea level change, and coastal upwelling phenomena.
GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
(2022)
Correction
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Wataru Horiuchi, Toru Sato, Yuichi Uesaka, Kenichi Yoshida
PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Hana Gil, Nobuo Hinohara, Chang Ho Hyun, Kenichi Yoshida
Summary: This study demonstrates that the KIDS functional can appropriately describe the ground-state properties of nuclei and reduce the discrepancy from experimental data by adjusting the parameter of symmetry energy.
JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Kenichi Yoshida
Summary: The ground-state moments of inertia (MoI) have been investigated for approximately 1700 even-even nuclei from the proton drip line to the neutron drip line up to Z=120 and N=184. The cranked Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov equation is solved using the Skyrme and pairing energy density functionals. The results show that the MoI greatly increase near the drip line, while the deformation is not as strong as estimated by the empirical relation.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Wataru Horiuchi, Toru Sato, Yuichi Uesaka, Kenichi Yoshida
Summary: We have derived complete formulas for allowed and first-forbidden transitions of nuclear beta decay, taking into account recoil-order and induced currents up to next-to-leading order. By exploiting the conservation of vector current for multipole operators of natural-parity transitions, the meson exchange current for the vector current is minimized. The formulas are applicable to various beta-decay processes. As a numerical demonstration, we have applied the formulas to the beta decay of a neutron-rich nucleus Sn-160. The next-to-leading order corrections amount to 10-20% of the total decay rate, while induced currents alter the rate by at most 5%.
PROGRESS OF THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Kenichi Yoshida, Yifei Niu, Futoshi Minato
Summary: This study investigates the influence of nuclear shape changes on the beta-decay half-life by calculating the half-lives of neutron-rich nuclei. The results show that the beta-decay half-life can be a reliable indicator of shape-phase transition, as a sudden shortening of half-lives is found when the nuclear shape changes.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
N. Hizawa, K. Hagino, K. Yoshida
Summary: In this paper, we apply the dynamical generator coordinate method (DGCM) with a conjugate momentum to study nuclear collective excitation. By constructing a numerically workable scheme for a general one-body operator, we investigate the quadrupole vibration of O-16 using the Gogny D1S interaction. Our results show that both the ground state energy and the excitation energies are lowered compared to the conventional GCM, indicating the relevance of the conjugate momentum in collective motions.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Nobuo Hinohara, Jonathan Engel
Summary: The study examines the matrix elements of two-neutrino double-beta decay and predicts the matrix elements of unmeasured nuclei for neutrinoless double-beta decay, using a computational scheme and nuclear energy density functionals.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
A. Yagi, A. Odahara, H. Nishibata, R. Lozeva, C-B Moon, S. Nishimura, K. Yoshida, N. Yoshinaga, C. Watanabe, K. Higashiyama, T. Shimoda, R. Daido, Y. Fang, P. S. Lee, B. Moon, P. Doornenbal, G. Lorusso, P-A Soderstrom, T. Sumikama, H. Watanabe, T. Isobe, H. Baba, H. Sakurai, F. Browne, Z. Patel, S. Rice, L. Sinclair, J. Wu, Z. Y. Xu, R. Yokoyama, T. Kubo, N. Inabe, H. Suzuki, N. Fukuda, D. Kameda, H. Takeda, D. S. Ahn, Y. Shimizu, D. Murai, F. L. Bello Garrote, J-M Daugas, F. Didierjean, E. Ideguchi, S. Iimura, T. Ishigaki, H. S. Jung, T. Komatsubara, Y. K. Kwon, C. S. Lee, S. Morimoto, M. Niikura, I Nishizuka, K. Tshoo
Summary: The structure of the neutron-rich N = 86 isotope Xe-140 was investigated using beta-gamma spectroscopy, revealing two new beta-decay isomers. Comparisons between experimental results and theoretical calculations were made to discuss the nuclear structures of low-lying states in Xe-140.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
K. Uzawa, K. Hagino, K. Yoshida
Summary: This study investigates the applicability of the generator coordinate method (GCM) as a microscopic theory for cluster radioactivities of heavy nuclei. The results show that the experimental decay rates can be accurately reproduced using this method, and the potential for further development in studying cluster decays of heavy nuclei is discussed.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Kenichi Yoshida
Summary: In this study, the authors directly solve the coordinate-space cranked Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov equation to describe the yrast states in weakly bound nuclei. They first demonstrate the method with a numerical calculation for the ground-state band in a medium-mass nucleus, and then apply it to neutron-rich even-N Mg isotopes. The analysis reveals that the appearance of the significantly low I-pi = 2(+) state in Mg-40 is mainly due to the suppression of pairing. The calculation also predicts that the 2(+) state in Mg-42 appears as high in energy as in Mg34-38, while the triaxial deformation is enhanced in nonzero spin states. This numerical framework provides a practical approach for systematically investigating the near yrast states and revealing unique structures in drip-line nuclei.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Kenichi Yoshida
Summary: This study investigates the SD configurations in Zn-60, Zn-62, and Ge-64 and explores the different roles of energy gaps at particle numbers 30 and 32. The results show that the SD structures in Zn-62 are unique, where the negative-parity SD states have lower energy than the positive-parity ones.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Kenichi Yoshida
Summary: This study aims to uncover the microscopic mechanism for the appearance of low-energy 2(-) state in Cf-248, as well as investigate the possible occurrence of the low-energy K-pi = 2(+) state, highlighting the need for improvements in EDFs to describe pairing correlations and shell structures in heavy nuclei.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
K. Uzawa, K. Hagino, K. Yoshida
Summary: Nuclear deformation is important in inducing the halo structure in neutron-rich nuclei, with axial and non-axial deformations affecting the mixing of single-particle wave functions. Triaxial deformation introduces the Omega quantum number, potentially leading to changes in the halo structure even when absent in axially symmetric deformation.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
Kenichi Yoshida, Yusuke Tanimura
Summary: The study investigates the impact of the pn-pair interaction in the T = 0, S = 1 channel on low-lying SD transitions in nuclei, finding that the effect depends on the spatial overlap of the pn pair and the angular momentum of the valence nucleons. The dynamical S = 1 pairing is effective even for SD states, particularly in transitions involving high-l orbitals with the same principal quantum number.
