Predicted rectification and negative differential spin Seebeck effect at magnetic interfaces

We study the nonequilibrium Seebeck spin transport acrossmetal-magnetic insulator interfaces. The conjugate-converted thermal-spin transport is assisted by the exchange interaction at the interface, between conduction electrons in the metal lead and localized spins in the insulating magnet lead. We predict the rectification and negative differential spin Seebeck effect and resolve their microscopic mechanism, as a consequence of the strongly fluctuated electronic density of states in the metal lead. The rectification of spin Peltier effect is also discussed. The phenomena predicted here are relevant for designing efficient spin/magnon diode and transistor, which could play crucial roles in controlling energy and information in functional devices.