Hybrid anomalous and planar Nernst effect in permalloy thin films

The magnetothermoelectric characteristics of permalloy film have been investigated by exquisite manipulation of heat flow. Through the angle and field dependence of thermal voltages V-x and V-y, the hybrid of the anomalous and the planar Nernst effect can be observed in the combined longitudinal and transverse temperature field. The interplay between the magnetization of Py and the temperature gradient gives rise to the complex field-dependent behaviors of the anomalous and the planar Nernst effect during magnetization reversal.