Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Vincenzo Riva, Dino Boccaccini, Maria Cannio, Marco Maioli, Massimiliano Valle, Marcello Romagnoli, Cecilia Mortalo, Cristina Leonelli
Summary: The influence of microwave hybrid heat treatment on pre-sintered 3Y-PSZ was investigated, revealing an increase in tetragonal phase content both on the surface and in-depth, as well as a significant reduction in monoclinic phase shell thickness. A new parabolic model was proposed to accurately determine the thickness of the monoclinic shell through the value of its horizontal asymptote.
JOURNAL OF THE EUROPEAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Adrien Perrichon, Anton Devishvili, Kristina Komander, Gunnar K. Palsson, Alexei Vorobiev, Rasmus Laven, Maths Karlsson, Max Wolff
Summary: Signal enhancement in a quantum resonator is used to characterize a thin layer of vanadium hydride using neutron reflectometry. Pressure-concentration isotherms and expansion coefficients can be extracted from totally externally reflected neutrons, and off-specular and small angle scattering can be detected and quantified through consistent data analysis of the attenuation cross section. The experiments are effective direct beam measurements, combined with resonant signal enhancement, resulting in reduced counting times and overcoming challenges related to the low brilliance of neutron beams for grazing incidence scattering experiments. Resonant enhancement shows potential to increase any scattering, particularly for grazing incidence small angle neutron scattering and spectroscopy.
Article
Medicine, Legal
P. Saez-Martinez, J. Garate-Lagos, S. Camargo, F. Torres-Roquer, I Queralt, U. Salazar-Kuri
Summary: Capillary diffraction or microdiffraction are standard techniques for characterizing small samples, while grazing incidence X-ray micro-diffraction showed optimal results with a fixed incident beam of 3-5 degrees, allowing for analysis of samples with extremely low quantities without the need for transporting to external facilities.
FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
W. J. Huang, M. Sun, J. F. Yang, W. Wen, Z. M. Xie, L. C. Zhang, R. Liu, C. A. Chen, Y. Jiang, X. P. Wang, X. B. Wu, Q. F. Fang
Summary: The study revealed that the tungsten surface layer after helium implantation is composed of compressed, transition, expanded, and matrix zones. The compressed zone became thinner after helium implantation possibly due to the formation of He-complexes, while the expanded zone resulted from helium atoms entering the tungsten lattice. The transition zone is a result of competition between the expanding and compressing effects.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2021)
Review
Crystallography
Josef Simbrunner, Ingo Salzmann, Roland Resel
Summary: Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction (GIXD) is a powerful tool for characterizing thin film structures. However, indexing the observed diffraction peaks without prior knowledge of the crystal lattices has been challenging. Different indexing methods have been developed for static GIXD measurements and rotated GIXD measurements, allowing indexing of thin film crystals with low symmetry and multiple alignments.
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
N. Ishikawa, Y. Fujimura, K. Kondo, G. L. Szabo, R. A. Wilhelm, H. Ogawa, T. Taguchi
Summary: In this study, the formation of irradiation-induced hillock chains in a doped SrTiO3 crystal was examined using atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the formation of multiple hillocks is accompanied by the presence of continuous ion tracks. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy revealed that the size of ion tracks varies with depth, with larger tracks in the near-surface region and smaller tracks in the deeper region. The absence of recrystallization in the near-surface region was attributed to material transport towards the surface.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
A. Mukherjee, A. Momeni, A. R. Allouche, E. M. Staicu Casagrande, T. Minea, H. Khemliche
Summary: Grazing Incidence Fast Atom Diffraction (GIFAD) is a recent technique used for characterizing surface structures and real-time monitoring of thin film growth. It has typically been used in Ultra-High-Vacuum conditions, but our study shows that it can operate at pressures as high as 10-2 mbar, allowing for new research opportunities in various deposition methods.
SURFACES AND INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Christopher R. Greve, Meike Kuhn, Fabian Eller, Michael A. Buchhorn, Alexander Hexemer, Guillaume Freychet, Lutz Wiegart, Eva M. Herzig
Summary: X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) is a versatile tool for measuring dynamics in bulk samples on the nanometer to micrometer scale. This paper investigates the impact of reflection and refraction effects on the correlation analysis in grazing incidence (GI) scattering experiments. By measuring both grazing incidence transmission XPCS (GT-XPCS) and grazing incidence XPCS (GI-XPCS), the main contributions of the detected signal and the limitations for data interpretation are identified.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Vivekanand Muralikrishnan, He Liu, Lin Yang, Bryan Conry, Christopher J. Marvel, Martin P. Harmer, Gregory S. Rohrer, Michael R. Tonks, Robert M. Suter, Carl E. Krill, Amanda R. Krause
Summary: This study uses high-energy x-ray diffraction microscopy (HEDM) to nondestructively observe grain growth in strontium titanate and compares the results with a 3D isotropic grain growth simulation. The experimental results suggest that in materials with anisotropic grain boundary properties, mechanisms other than curvature-driven migration play a role in interfacial energy minimization.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
Anirban Naskar, S. Paul
Summary: This research proposes a non-destructive method using Gi-XRD to detect and measure subsurface deformation. The FWHM of the XRD peak was measured at different penetration depths by changing the angle of incidence, and correlated with the actual deformation depth. The measured deformed layer thickness was verified against metallographic study results, showing a small deviation.
NDT & E INTERNATIONAL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shuvam Sarkar, Sajal Barman, Mohammad Balal, Sudipta Roy Barman
Summary: A clean and ordered Ru(0001) surface was obtained at 973K by nearly-grazing-incidence-high-temperature sputtering, with sharp LEED spots, dispersing bands in angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, and I-V curves similar to existing data. This method is advantageous due to lower temperature requirements and no need for oxygen exposure. Experimental and Monte Carlo calculations both demonstrate the effectiveness of a nearly-grazing incidence angle of sputtering (70 degrees).
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Manuel Peter Kainz, Lukas Legenstein, Valentin Holzer, Sebastian Hofer, Martin Kaltenegger, Roland Resel, Josef Simbrunner
Summary: GIXD is a widely used technique for crystallographic characterization of thin films, however, only a few indexing approaches have been developed. A new mathematical framework for indexing specific diffraction patterns has been developed recently and implemented as the automated indexing software GIDInd.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yong Zhang, Qi Wang, Chen Li, Yinchuan Piao, Ning Hou, Kuangnan Hu
Summary: This study evaluated subsurface defects of CaF2 single crystals induced by abrasive machining using molecular dynamics simulation, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction experiments, and cross-sectional TEM detection. The simulation results revealed the mappings between micro cracks and diffraction pattern curve, and the influence of micro cracks on lattice structures. Experimental results confirmed the simulation results, demonstrating a novel technology for nondestructive testing of defects in single crystal materials at nano- and micro-scales.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCED RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Valeria S. O. Amorim, Guilherme A. Calligaris, Lisandro P. Cardoso, Andrea Paesano Jr, Gustavo P. Valenca
Summary: Maraging-300 steel plates were heat treated in superheated steam to obtain a chemically grown layer on the surface. The grown coating was characterized in terms of thickness, composition, and structure using optical and scanning electron microscopy as well as Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction (GIXRD). The results showed the presence of different crystalline phases in two sublayers of the reacted layer. The thicknesses of the multiphase chemically reacted layers were obtained using the Rietveld method under GIXRD, and a good agreement was found with the estimated values from optical and scanning electron microscopy, indicating a progressive increase in the reacted layer with heat treatment time.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ulrich Burkhardt, Aimo Winkelmann, Horst Borrmann, Andreea Dumitriu, Markus Koenig, Grzegorz Cios, Yuri Grin
Summary: This study investigates the assignment of enantiomorphs using diffraction methods for X-rays and electrons. By comparing experimental and simulated Kikuchi patterns, enantiomorphs in polycrystalline materials of beta-Mn and Pt2Cu3B can be accurately determined.
Article
Physics, Applied
T. Prokscha, K. -H. Chow, Z. Salman, E. Stilp, A. Suter
PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
D. Fujimoto, W. A. MacFarlane, J. Rottler
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2020)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
M. H. Dehn, J. K. Shenton, D. J. Arseneau, W. A. MacFarlane, G. D. Morris, A. Maigne, N. A. Spaldin, R. F. Kiefl
Summary: The study reveals that charge-neutral muon states in Fe2O3 have a significant impact on the measured mu SR frequencies and relaxation rates, suggesting that isolated hydrogen impurities may form analogous complexes in Fe2O3.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
M. Egilmez, O. Batal, W. Abuzaid, Z. Salman, M. Alkhader, H. Akamine, M. Nishida, J. W. A. Robinson
Summary: Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are unique materials with superelastic and shape memory properties, making them important for applications in aerospace, automotive, biomedical, and robotic sectors. A study on the biocompatible SMA, Ti67Zr19Nb11.5Sn2.5, reveals a superconducting phase transition with critical temperature and magnetic fields, providing valuable insights for cryogenic electrical device applications. The research highlights the potential of SMA materials in low-temperature electronic devices.
PHYSICAL REVIEW MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
B. Ohayon, G. Janka, I Cortinovis, Z. Burkley, L. de Sousa Borges, E. Depero, A. Golovizin, X. Ni, Z. Salman, A. Suter, C. Vigo, T. Prokscha, P. Crivelli
Summary: We present a new measurement of the n = 2 Lamb shift in Muonium, which shows a significant improvement compared to previous studies. By comparing our result with theoretical calculations, we are able to set limits on Lorentz and CPT violation in the muonic sector, as well as explore new physics related to muons and electrons that could potentially explain the muon g - 2 anomaly.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Jennifer Fowlie, Marios Hadjimichael, Maria M. Martins, Danfeng Li, Motoki Osada, Bai Yang Wang, Kyuho Lee, Yonghun Lee, Zaher Salman, Thomas Prokscha, Jean-Marc Triscone, Harold Y. Hwang, Andreas Suter
Summary: Muon spin rotation/relaxation studies have revealed the coexistence of intrinsic magnetic ground state and superconductivity in superconducting infinite-layer nickelates, regardless of rare earth ion or doping. This magnetism, likely to be antiferromagnetic and short-range ordered, is qualitatively distinct from doped cuprates and resembles that of some iron pnictides and heavy fermion compounds.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Gianluca Janka, Ben Ohayon, Irene Cortinovis, Zak Burkley, Lucas de Sousa Borges, Emilio Depero, Artem Golovizin, Xiaojie Ni, Zaher Salman, Andreas Suter, Thomas Prokscha, Paolo Crivelli
Summary: Muon physics has been puzzling physicists since its discovery, and recent findings emphasize the need for further measurements with this particle. In this study, researchers measured the transition and hyperfine structure of Muonium, providing insights into the Muonium Lamb shift and the potential for testing new physics in the muonic sector.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Claudiu A. Stan, Armin Kalita, Sebastian Marte, Thomas F. Kaldawi, Philip R. Willmott, Sebastien Boutet
Summary: Isolated supercooled water drops were observed to move spontaneously while freezing in vacuum due to the increase of evaporation rate during the early stages of freezing. The self-propulsion velocity was analyzed analytically and modeled numerically, with the model predicting peak velocities on the order of 1 m/s in vacuum and a drop kinematics similar to experimental observations. In air, the self-propulsion velocity is expected to be much smaller but may still be detectable for micron-sized drops.
PHYSICAL REVIEW FLUIDS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Condensed Matter
Jennifer Fowlie, Alexandru B. Georgescu, Andreas Suter, Bernat Mundet, Constance Toulouse, Nicolas Jaouen, Michel Viret, Claribel Dominguez, Marta Gibert, Zaher Salman, Thomas Prokscha, Duncan T. L. Alexander, Jens Kreisel, Antoine Georges, Andrew J. Millis, Jean-Marc Triscone
Summary: Thin films of the solid solution Nd1-xLaxNiO3 are grown to investigate the 0 K phase transitions at a specific composition. Experimental measurements and theoretical calculations suggest a discontinuous insulator-metal transition at x = 0.2, while structural analysis indicates no corresponding structural change. Temperature-dependence of the transition is estimated, revealing a narrow insulator-metal phase coexistence with x. Non-static magnetic moments are observed, supporting the first order nature of the 0 K transition and its associated phase coexistence regime.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Ryan M. L. McFadden, Md. Asaduzzama, Thomas Prokscha, Zaher Salman, Andreas Suter, Tobias Junginger
Summary: We present depth-resolved measurements of the Meissner screening profile in surface-treated Nb samples using low-energy muon spin rotation. We find no evidence for any anomalous modifications to the Meissner profiles, with all data well described by a London model. Differences in screening properties between surface treatments can be explained by changes to the carrier mean free paths resulting from dopant profiles near the material's surface.
PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
N-J Steinke, S. L. Zhang, P. J. Baker, L. B. Duffy, F. Kronast, J. Krieger, Z. Salman, T. Prokscha, A. Suter, S. Langridge, G. van der Laan, T. Hesjedal
Summary: Chromium-doped Sb2Te3 belongs to the (Sb,Bi)2(Se,Te)3 family and is a magnetic topological insulator with potential quantum device applications. Despite the challenges of magnetic dissipation and impurities, these materials exhibit ordered properties in the formation and growth of magnetic clusters.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
D. Potashnikov, E. N. Caspi, A. Pesach, Q. Tao, J. Rosen, D. Sheptyakov, H. A. Evans, C. Ritter, Z. Salman, P. Bonfa, T. Ouisse, M. Barbier, O. Rivin, A. Keren
Summary: By combining muon spin rotation (mu SR) and neutron diffraction techniques, we determined the magnetic moment, structure, and dynamic properties of rare-earth-based magnets. Our findings showed that the moments were frozen on a microsecond timescale for compounds with Nd and Gd, with the Gd variant being the most promising for potential 2D high magnetic moment magnets.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
N. Ortiz Hernandez, Z. Salman, T. Prokscha, A. Suter, J. R. L. Mardegan, S. Moser, A. Zakharova, C. Piamonteze, U. Staub
Summary: The study on ultrathin T-CuO films using low-energy muon spin rotation and x-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) techniques revealed the presence of antiferromagnetic order with a transition temperature higher than 200 K. The magnetic structure includes pinned Cu2+ moments parallel to the sample surface and isotropic paramagnetic moments, with some Cu moments pinned by an AFM ordering primarily in the plane of the film. The experimental findings indicate deviations from theoretical predictions in the magnetic order of T-CuO ultrathin films.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
H. Meley, M. Tran, J. Teyssier, J. A. Krieger, T. Prokscha, A. Suter, Z. Salman, M. Viret, D. van der Marel, S. Gariglio
Summary: In 3d(2) vanadate perovskites, the phase diagram is influenced by the size of the rare-earth cation, affecting orbital and spin orders. Through measuring the multiple peaks in charge excitations, the delicate role of strain in epitaxial LaVO3 films is demonstrated.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Nimrod Bachar, Aviad Levy, Thomas Prokscha, Andreas Suter, Elvezio Morenzoni, Zaher Salman, Guy Deutscher