Article
Oncology
Rainjade Chung, James McKiernan, Nicholas Arpaia, Aurelien Marabelle, Mathieu Rouanne
Summary: BCG is a live attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis, initially developed as a vaccine for tuberculosis. It is the only bacterial therapy approved by the US FDA for clinical use in cancer treatment. BCG is used in patients with high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer, delivered directly into the bladder after tumor resection. Modulating mucosal immunity by exposing the urothelium to BCG has been the main therapeutic approach for this type of cancer.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Review
Fisheries
Mar Collado-Gonzalez, Maria Angeles Esteban
Summary: The study evaluated the immunomodulatory capacity of chitosan nanoparticles used as mucosal vaccines in teleost fish, focusing on the properties of chitosan. Information regarding the properties of chitosan is often underestimated in the literature and should be improved in future studies to generate reproducible data and valuable information.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Danyang Wang, Yongjuan Zou, Ning Wang, Jie Wu
Summary: We developed an emulsion using chitosan hydrochloride salt (CSCL) as stabilizer, which effectively loaded antigens and slowed down antigen release. The emulsion showed strong immune responses and generated memory T cells in adaptive immunity.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Jingen Zhu, Swati Jain, Jian Sha, Himanshu Batra, Neeti Ananthaswamy, Paul B. Kilgore, Emily K. Hendrix, Yashoda M. Hosakote, Xiaorong Wu, Juan P. Olano, Adeyemi Kayode, Cristi L. Galindo, Simran Banga, Aleksandra Drelich, Vivian Tat, Chien-Te K. Tseng, Ashok K. Chopra, Venigalla B. Rao
Summary: This study reports the development of a needle-free, bacteriophage T4-based mucosal vaccine that induces strong mucosal immunity, robust humoral and cellular immune responses, and provides complete protection against various SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Qingze Fan, Chunyu Miao, Yilan Huang, Hua Yue, Anguo Wu, Jianming Wu, Jie Wu, Guanghui Ma
Summary: The study developed HTCC-based hydrogel as a mucosal adjuvant for H5N1 vaccine, and found that with increasing DQ, the positive charge and gelation time of HTCC hydrogel increased while viscosity decreased. Results showed that HTCC hydrogel with a DQ of 41% prolonged antigen residence time in nasal cavity, resulting in the most potent systemic immune responses.
CARBOHYDRATE POLYMERS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Donna Shu-Han Lin, Shian Chiuan Tzeng, Tai-Lung Cha, Chin-Mao Hung, Wen-Chin Lin, Chuen-Mi Yang, Hsuan-Ying Lu, Jia-Yu Chang, Shu-Wei Huang
Summary: In hamsters infected with SARS-CoV-2, the combination of intranasal chitosan and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) increases HCQ absorption in the lungs, enhances immune responses, and does not increase the risk of hepatic or cardiac injuries.
JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY IMMUNOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Olivia Amanda Oest Mullertz, Peter Andersen, Dennis Christensen, Camilla Foged, Aneesh Thakur
Summary: The mucosal surfaces of the lungs are a major site for entry of airborne pathogens and pulmonary vaccination can induce protective mucosal immunity. Researchers found that altering the surface charge of liposomes can enhance specific T-cell responses, but the impact on mucosal immunity remains unclear.
MOLECULAR PHARMACEUTICS
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Ziliang Qin, Zida Nai, Gang Li, Xinmiao He, Wentao Wang, Jiqiao Xia, Wang Chao, Lu Li, Xinpeng Jiang, Di Liu
Summary: In this study, microcapsules with inactivated PEDV were used to improve the effectiveness of oral delivery for protection against PEDV infection in mice. The microcapsules displayed remarkable storage tolerance and delivered the inactivated virus into the gut, stimulating specific mucosal immune responses that neutralized the enterovirus.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Zhongyue Ren, Yan Hong, Yalan Huo, Lingling Peng, Huihui Lv, Jiahui Chen, Zhihua Wu, Cuixiang Wan
Summary: In modern society, drugs remain the most important means of resistance against new diseases and viruses. However, adverse effects and diminished efficacy are leading causes of treatment failure and impaired quality of life for patients. Clinical studies have shown that disturbances in gut microbial structure play a crucial role in drug toxicity and side effects. Probiotics, known for their ability to maintain intestinal microecology balance, have potential as adjuncts to prevent and alleviate adverse drug reactions and enhance drug efficacy.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Thomas Ebensen, Andrea Arntz, Kai Schulze, Andrea Hanefeld, Carlos A. Guzman, Regina Scherliess
Summary: Vaccination is the most successful medical intervention for preventing infectious diseases. Nanoparticle-based carriers for antigen cargo delivery can provide superior protection against emerging viruses. Chitosan nanocarriers, combined with the mucosal adjuvant c-di-AMP, are a promising technology platform for the development of innovative mucosal vaccines.
Article
Immunology
Anna Schmidt, Basudev Paudyal, Sonia Villanueva-Hernandez, Adam Mcnee, Eleni Vatzia, Brigid Veronica Carr, Selma Schmidt, Amy Mccarron, Veronica Martini, Silke Schroedel, Christian Thirion, Ryan Waters, Francisco J. Salguero, Wilhelm Gerner, Matthias Tenbusch, Elma Tchilian
Summary: Mucosal delivery of adenoviral vectors expressing HA and NP proteins did not provide sufficient protection against heterologous H3N2 challenge in pigs, despite strong T-cell responses. Co-delivery of IL-1 beta increased lung pathology without affecting viral load. These findings suggest caution in extrapolating results from animal models to humans.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Ebony N. Gary, Nicholas J. Tursi, Bryce Warner, Elizabeth M. Parzych, Ali R. Ali, Drew Frase, Estella Moffat, Carissa Embury-Hyatt, Trevor R. F. Smith, Kate E. Broderick, Laurent Humeau, Darwyn Kobasa, Ami Patel, Daniel W. Kulp, David B. Weiner
Summary: By using mucosal chemokines as adjuvants, the efficacy of vaccines can be enhanced on mucosal surfaces, providing significant protection against challenges from Delta variants.
CELL REPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Virology
Ailar Sabbaghi, Masoud Malek, Sara Abdolahi, Seyed Mohammad Miri, Leila Alizadeh, Mehdi Samadi, Seyed Reza Mohebbi, Amir Ghaemi
Summary: The results of the study indicate that co-administration of the gamma-irradiated influenza vaccine with CCL21 or Poly (I:C) can significantly enhance vaccine immunogenicity and improve protective efficacy. Mice receiving the combination of CCL21 with Poly (I:C) showed stronger antibody and cell-mediated immunity, along with reduced inflammatory levels in lung tissue.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shunli Chu, Jue Wang, Fengxiang Gao
Summary: Chitosan nanostructures have great potential in the field of stomatology for applications such as soft tissue diseases, bone tissue engineering, and dental hard tissue remineralization. Their excellent antibacterial properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability make them highly advantageous. Furthermore, nano-CS can enhance the adhesion and mechanical properties of dental-restorative materials.
Review
Polymer Science
Alexandra Virginia Bounegru, Iulian Bounegru
Summary: This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the recent progress and applications of chitosan-based electrochemical sensors in the analysis of pharmaceutical products and other samples, with a particular focus on the detection of medicinal substances. The review covers studies and developments from 2003 to 2023, highlighting the remarkable properties of chitosan, such as biocompatibility, chemical versatility, and large surface area, that make it an excellent candidate for sensor modification. Various types of chitosan-based sensors, including those utilizing carbon nanomaterials, metallic nanoparticles, conducting polymers, and molecularly imprinted chitosan, are analyzed, and their excellent sensitivity and stability are emphasized.