Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Yi-Hua Zhou, Shu-Fen Qin, Wei-Min Shi, Yu-Guang Yang
Summary: In this paper, a measurement-device-independent continuous variable semi-quantum key distribution protocol is proposed to address the high cost of quantum equipment and the difficulty of preparing discrete variable quantum states. By analyzing the prepared-measure model and the entanglement-based model, as well as performing numerical simulations, the secret key rate and other performance of the protocol are analyzed, demonstrating its advantages in achieving secure communication and maximum secret key rate.
QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Optics
Yan Tian, Pu Wang, Jianqiang Liu, Shanna Du, Wenyuan Liu, Zhenguo Lu, Xuyang Wang, Yongmin Li
Summary: Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) can eliminate all side-channel attacks on detectors. This research successfully demonstrated continuous-variable MDI-QKD over optical fiber and proved its feasibility in practical applications.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Paolo Abiuso, Stefan Bauml, Daniel Cavalcanti, Antonio Acin
Summary: We studied the detection of continuous-variable entanglement and presented protocols for entanglement detection in a scenario where the measurement devices are completely uncharacterized. The protocols allow for the measurement-device-independent certification of entanglement of all two-mode entangled Gaussian states and are feasible with current technology using standard optical setups such as coherent states and homodyne measurements.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Peng Huang, Tao Wang, Duan Huang, Guihua Zeng
Summary: This paper proposes a new continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocol that decreases the required detection efficiency by encoding the key information into matched discrete phases of two groups of coherent states, making it possible to achieve secure key distribution with current low-efficiency homodyne detections. A proof-of-principle experiment using fiber-based devices demonstrates the feasibility of CV-MDI-QKD. The discrete-modulated phase-matching method provides an alternative direction for applicable quantum key distribution with practical security.
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Qingquan Peng, Ying Guo, Qin Liao, Xinchao Ruan
Summary: In this study, satellite-to-submarine quantum communication is achieved by utilizing the principle of MDI-CVQKD and deploying an untrusted party on the sea surface to eliminate negative effects caused by it. This proposed scheme provides a novel approach to implementing secure satellite-to-submarine quantum communication.
QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alasdair Fletcher, Stefano Pirandola
Summary: A continuous variable, measurement device independent quantum key distribution protocol is analyzed, allowing three parties to connect for quantum conferencing. By utilizing a generalized Bell detection and a postselection procedure, the protocol achieves improved rate-distance performance under a collective pure-loss attack.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Tao Wang, Peng Huang, Hongxin Ma, Shiyu Wang, Guihua Zeng
Summary: This study proposes a carrier synchronization scheme for continuous-variable measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (CV-MDI-QKD) with a real local oscillator (LO). The scheme involves evaluating carrier frequency offsets and phase drift values based on pilot signals and public data from legal parties to achieve carrier synchronization. Simulation and experiments were conducted to verify the feasibility and provide guidance for actual implementation, paving the way for practical application of this high-rate QKD protocol.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jing-Yang Liu, Xing-Yu Zhou, Chun-Hui Zhang, Hua-Jian Ding, Yi-Peng Chen, Jian Li, Qin Wang
Summary: A enhanced RFI-MDI-QKD protocol is proposed, which is highly resistant to finite-size effects and greatly boosts key rate and transmission distance. A proof-of-principle experimental demonstration at a record distance of 300km was successfully carried out, verifying the advantage and robustness of the present work under non-ideal conditions.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Zhenghua Li, Xiangyu Wang, Ziyang Chen, Tao Shen, Song Yu, Hong Guo
Summary: Continuous-variable measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (CV-MDI QKD), with Bell detection as its core, can effectively defend against attacks on the detection system. However, in CV-MDI QKD, the untrustworthiness of Charlie and non-ideal Bell detection caused by the external environment create security vulnerabilities. We conducted a comprehensive security analysis of non-ideal Bell detection caused by non-orthogonal measurement. Simulation results show that even a 1-degree angle error can lead to a decrease in transmission distance by 7 km. Therefore, our research further enhances and improves the security of CV-MDI QKD.
QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Luyu Huang, Yichen Zhang, Song Yu
Summary: In this study, a novel practical detector modeling method, along with a one-time shot-noise-unit calibration method, is proposed to improve the efficiency and accuracy of continuous-variable measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution systems.
CHINESE PHYSICS LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Guang Ping He
Summary: This study proposes an MDI-QKD protocol that only requires individual measurements and classical operations, reducing the technical requirements for Bob and Charlie during implementation.
QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Yi Zheng, Haobin Shi, Wei Pan, Quantao Wang, Jiahui Mao
Summary: The fluctuation of channel transmittance in CV-MDI QKD systems can significantly impact system performance and potentially lead to communication interruptions. Eavesdroppers may manipulate channel transmittance to conduct denial-of-service attacks. The Gaussian post-selection method can be used to mitigate the degradation of system performance.
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Wei Zhao, Ronghua Shi, Jinjing Shi, Xinchao Ruan, Ying Guo, Duan Huang
Summary: The study introduces a continuous-variable quantum digital signature protocol that eliminates side-channel attacks by leveraging topology and measurement-device-independent components, as well as utilizing phase-encoding and state-encoding strategies to achieve dual signatures. The protocol involves three participants who can independently decide what type of pulses to send to the intermediate station at any time window.
QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Hao-Tao Zhu, Yizhi Huang, Hui Liu, Pei Zeng, Mi Zou, Yunqi Dai, Shibiao Tang, Hao Li, Lixing You, Zhen Wang, Yu-Ao Chen, Xiongfeng Ma, Teng-Yun Chen, Jian-Wei Pan
Summary: In the past two decades, quantum key distribution networks based on telecom fibers have been implemented on metropolitan and intercity scales. One of the challenges is the exponential decay of the key rate with transmission distance. However, a recently proposed mode-pairing idea has allowed high-performance quantum key distribution without global phase locking, achieving improved key rates over conventional schemes in both metropolitan and intercity distances.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Feng-Yu Lu, Peng Ye, Ze-Hao Wang, Shuang Wang, Zhen-Qiang Yin, Rong Wang, Xiao-Jua Huang, Wei Chen, De-Yong He, Guan-Je Fan-Yuan, Guang-Can Guo, Zheng-Fu Han
Summary: A practical hacking method is proposed to exploit the inaccurate decoy-state modulation in decoy-state measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) systems, allowing eavesdroppers to obtain all final keys.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Wen-Zhao Liu, Yu-Zhe Zhang, Yi-Zheng Zhen, Ming-Han Li, Yang Liu, Jingyun Fan, Feihu Xu, Qiang Zhang, Jian-Wei Pan
Summary: This Letter reports a proof-of-principle experiment of device-independent QKD based on a photonic setup. The results show that the measured quantum correlations are strong enough to ensure a positive key rate over long distances.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ping Gu, Xiaofeng Cai, Chenpeng Xue, Zuxing Zhang, Youcheng Zhu, Wei Du, Zhuo Chen, Jing Chen, Zixuan Ding, Fei Xu
Summary: Plasmonic metasurfaces composed of gold triangles (GTAs) array were fabricated directly onto the optical fiber tip (OFT) using a modified self-assembly nanosphere lithography technology. The first experimental realization of all-fiber mode-locked lasers based on GTAs array as saturable absorber was reported. The findings show highly tunable localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) across a broad spectral range and larger modulation depth near 1550 nm, leading to the successful achievement of all-fiber picosecond mode-locked lasers with high output power at the optical communication wavelength of 1.5 μm.
ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Heng Wang, Yang Li, Yaodi Pi, Yan Pan, Yun Shao, Li Ma, Yichen Zhang, Jie Yang, Tao Zhang, Wei Huang, Bingjie Xu
Summary: CVQKD system with high key rate is suitable for high-speed metropolitan network application; demonstrated single-carrier four-state CVQKD with sub-Gbps key rate within metropolitan area; paving the way for future high-rate and large-scale CVQKD deployment in secure broadband metropolitan and access networks.
COMMUNICATIONS PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Optics
Hongqian Cao, Zengyong Liu, Danran Li, Zhenda Lu, Ye Chen, Fei Xu
Summary: In this study, an optical fiber-based magnetically-tuned graphene mechanical resonator (GMR) is demonstrated by integrating superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles on the graphene membrane. The tension of the graphene membrane is tuned with a magnetic field to achieve a resonance frequency shift. A resonance frequency tunability of 23 kHz using a 100 mT magnetic field is achieved. The device provides a new way to tune a GMR with a non-contact force and has potential applications in weak magnetic field detection with improved sensitivity.
CHINESE OPTICS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Wei Li, Likang Zhang, Hao Tan, Yichen Lu, Sheng-Kai Liao, Jia Huang, Hao Li, Zhen Wang, Hao-Kun Mao, Bingze Yan, Qiong Li, Yang Liu, Qiang Zhang, Cheng-Zhi Peng, Lixing You, Feihu Xu, Jian-Wei Pan
Summary: This article reports a QKD system that can generate keys at a record high rate of 115.8 Mb/s over a 10 km standard optical fiber and distribute keys over up to 328 km of ultralow-loss fiber. These abilities are attributed to a multipixel superconducting nanowire single-photon detector with an ultrahigh counting rate, an integrated transmitter that can stably encode polarization states with low error, a fast post-processing algorithm for generating keys in real time, and the high system clock rate operation. The results demonstrate the feasibility of practical high-rate QKD with photonic techniques, thus opening its possibility for widespread applications.
Article
Optics
Peng-Yu Jiang, Zheng-Ping Li, Wen-Long Ye, Yu Hong, Chen Dai, Xin Huang, Shui-Qing Xi, Jie Lu, Da-Jian Cui, Yuan Cao, Feihu Xu, Jian-Wei Pan
Summary: Single-photon LiDAR is a promising technology for high-precision 3D imaging in challenging weather conditions. Through optical optimization and photon-efficient imaging algorithms, an array-based single-photon LiDAR system was demonstrated to achieve depth and intensity imaging in dense fog over long distances. Real-time 3D imaging for moving targets was also demonstrated in mist weather conditions. The results indicate potential applications in vehicle navigation and target recognition.
Article
Optics
Yaodi Pi, Heng Wang, Yan Pan, Yun Shao, Yang Li, Jie Yang, Yichen Zhang, Wei Huang, Bingjie Xu
Summary: We demonstrated a sub-Mbps Gaussian-modulated coherent-state continuous-variable quantum key distribution system over a 100-km transmission distance. To control excess noise, the quantum signal and the pilot tone were co-transmitted in the fiber channel using wideband frequency and polarization multiplexing methods. A high-accuracy data-assisted time domain equalization algorithm was designed to compensate for phase noise and polarization variation. The experimentally calculated secure key rate over transmission distances of 50 km, 75 km, and 100 km was 7.55 Mbps, 1.87 Mbps, and 0.51 Mbps, respectively. This experiment significantly improved the transmission distance and secure key rate compared to previous state-of-the-art results, demonstrating the potential for long-distance and high-speed secure quantum key distribution.
Article
Optics
Chen Dai, Wei -long Ye, Chao Yu, Xin Huang, Zheng-ping LI, Feihu Xu
Summary: Single-photon LiDAR is widely used for various applications. However, the repetition period of the pulsed laser limits its ability to determine long-range distances. In this study, we propose a photon-efficient 3D imaging framework that allows high laser pulse repetition rates for long-range depth imaging without range ambiguity. By using only one laser period per pixel and utilizing information from neighboring pixels, we demonstrate the recovery of absolute depth maps at distances up to 13.8 km using minimal signal photons per pixel. We also show the real-time imaging capability of absolute distances of moving targets.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Wei Li, Likang Zhang, Yichen Lu, Zheng-Ping Li, Cong Jiang, Yang Liu, Jia Huang, Hao Li, Zhen Wang, Xiang-Bin Wang, Qiang Zhang, Lixing You, Feihu Xu, Jian-Wei Pan
Summary: We propose and demonstrate a new method to achieve twin-field quantum key distribution (TF-QKD) without the need for phase locking. By separating the communication time into reference frames and quantum frames, we establish a global phase reference using the reference frames and reconcile the phase reference efficiently using a tailored algorithm based on fast Fourier transform. We successfully demonstrate no-phase-locking TF-QKD from short to long distances over standard optical fibers, achieving high secret key rates and repeaterlike key rates. Our work provides a scalable and practical solution to TF-QKD, representing an important step towards its wide applications.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Li-Zheng Liu, Yue-Yang Fei, Yingqiu Mao, Yi Hu, Rui Zhang, Xu-Fei Yin, Xiao Jiang, Li Li, Nai-Le Liu, Feihu Xu, Yu-Ao Chen, Jian-Wei Pan
Summary: In this study, a full-period quantum phase estimation approach is proposed and demonstrated. The approach adopts Kitaev's phase estimation algorithm to eliminate phase ambiguity and uses GHZ states to obtain phase values. Through an eight-photon experiment, the estimation of unknown phases in a full period is achieved, and the phase super-resolution and sensitivity beyond the shot-noise limit are observed. This research provides a new way for quantum sensing and represents a solid step towards its general applications.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Chao Yu, Tianyi Li, Xian-Song Zhao, Hai Lu, Rong Zhang, Feihu Xu, Jun Zhang, Jian-Wei Pan
Summary: In this study, a 4H-SiC single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) based free-running ultraviolet single-photon detector (UVSPD) with ultralow afterpulse probability is reported. A beveled mesa structure is designed and fabricated for the 4H-SiC SPAD, which shows the characteristic of ultralow dark current. A readout circuit of passive quenching and active reset with a tunable hold-off time setting is further developed to significantly suppress the afterpulsing effect. The nonuniformity of photon detection efficiency (PDE) across the SPAD active area is investigated for performance optimization. The compact UVSPD shows a PDE of 10.3%, a dark count rate of 133 kcps, and an afterpulse probability of 0.3% at 266 nm, indicating its potential for practical ultraviolet photon-counting applications.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2023)
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Ziyang Chen, Xiangyu Wang, Song Yu, Zhengyu Li, Hong Guo
Summary: Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) offers the advantage of sharing keys remotely using standard telecom components, which makes it cost-effective and high-performance for metropolitan applications. However, the introduction of high-rate spectrum broadening has led to the adoption of modern digital signal processing (DSP) technologies to recover quadrature information from continuous-mode quantum states. The security proof of DSP involving multi-point processing is missing. In this paper, a generalized method using temporal modes theory is proposed to analyze continuous-mode state processing via linear DSP, reducing the security proof to single-mode scenarios and paving the way for classical compatible digital CVQKD.
NPJ QUANTUM INFORMATION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Zhu Runze, Xu Fei
Summary: Multimode fiber (MMF) imaging, as a novel optical fiber imaging method, has the advantages of small device size, high resolution, large information capacity, and minimal invasion. It has the potential to become a new generation of high-resolution and low-invasive endoscope.
LASER & OPTOELECTRONICS PROGRESS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Jiayong Peng, Zhiwei Xiong, Hao Tan, Xin Huang, Zheng-Ping Li, Feihu Xu
Summary: Photon-efficient imaging using single-photon sensors to capture 3D images faces challenges of low photon counts/SBR and multiple returns. This paper proposes a unified deep neural network that tackles these challenges and simultaneously recovers depth and intensity information from photon-efficient measurements. The network exploits long-range correlations and incorporates a noise prior block to improve reconstruction performance. The proposed network achieves superior results under low photon counts/SBR and heavy blur, outperforming existing methods. Moreover, it generalizes well to real-world imaging systems.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Xuesong Xu, Yichen Zhang, Yiming Bian, Jinlong Hu, Jiayi Dou, Yang Li, Bingjie Xu, Song Yu, Hong Guo
Summary: This article investigates the issue of asymmetric delay attacks in round-trip fiber time synchronization systems and demonstrates through experiments that using asymmetric channels can reduce the synchronization accuracy. It emphasizes the urgent need for effective countermeasures against such attacks.
IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
(2023)
