Article
Food Science & Technology
Gabriel Albagli, Isabela do Monte Schwartz, Priscilla F. F. Amaral, Tatiana Felix Ferreira, Priscilla Finotelli
Summary: Sourdough production is an ancient biotechnological process used to enhance bread flavor, texture, and shelf life. Drying techniques, such as freeze-drying and spray-drying, show potential in maintaining the fermentative capacity of sourdough starter and enabling industrial-scale production.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Ping-Heng Tan, Jasmine Ji, Chun-Chang Yeh, Ru-Rong Ji
Summary: IFNs exert antiviral, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory actions, with type-I IFNs like IFN-alpha and IFN-beta used in treating diseases such as hepatitis and multiple sclerosis. Emerging evidence indicates non-genomic regulation by IFN-alpha and IFN-beta in addition to canonical transcriptional regulations, leading to rapid suppression of neuronal activity and synaptic transmission. Type-I and type-II IFNs modulate pain and infection via neuro-immune interactions, with IFN-gamma inducing central sensitization and microglia activation in persistent pain. Insights into IFN signaling in nociceptors and their roles in distinct physiological vs. pathological conditions will enhance pain treatments after surgeries, traumas, and infections.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Layan Habib, Mohammed Alyan, Yasmine Ghantous, Jeny Shklover, Janna Shainsky, Imad Abu El-Naaj, Havazelet Bianco-Peled, Avi Schroeder
Summary: Oral cancers are a common and increasing global health issue. Limited localized treatment options for oral tumors lead to poor patient quality of life and high mortality rates. This study proposes a solid, dissolvable, bioadhesive patch as a local treatment for oral tumors located on the tongue. The results show that the patch effectively reduces tumor size and decreases treatment-associated side effects.
DRUG DELIVERY AND TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Veterinary Sciences
Ralf S. Mueller, Katrin Hartmann
Summary: IFNs are important cytokines in the immune response, with recombinant canine IFN-gamma and feline IFN-omega showing efficacy in treating certain diseases in dogs and cats. More large randomized controlled trials are needed to determine their efficacy for other indications.
VETERINARY JOURNAL
(2021)
Editorial Material
Neurosciences
Lisa Johann, Ari Waisman
Summary: The study reveals a novel mechanism by which astrocytes maintain an anti-inflammatory state in the CNS. This mechanism involves IFNg-induced TRAIL expression on astrocytes, leading to effector T cell apoptosis and suppression of inflammation.
Article
Virology
Anna Paola Carreca, Massimiliano Gaetani, Rosalia Busa, Maria Giovanna Francipane, Maria Rita Gulotta, Ugo Perricone, Gioacchin Iannolo, Giovanna Russelli, Claudia Carcione, Pier Giulio Conaldi, Ester Badami
Summary: This study reveals the antiviral effects of interferon-alpha-activated natural killer (NK) cells against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. The activated NK cells showed enhanced contact-dependent and contact-independent responses, and were able to inhibit HCV replication. Galectin-9 and interferon-gamma were found to play a major role in HCV suppression.
Review
Immunology
Qirong Li, Baozhen Sun, Yue Zhuo, Ziping Jiang, Rong Li, Chao Lin, Ye Jin, Yongjian Gao, Dongxu Wang
Summary: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a virus that causes acute and chronic hepatitis, as well as liver cancer and cirrhosis. Interferons (IFNs) are proteins with antiviral properties and play an important role in the immune system. IFNs inhibit HBV replication and transcription by inducing the expression of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) in host cells.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Reem Abu Alwafa, Samer Mudalal, Faisal Shraim, Gianluigi Mauriello
Summary: This study compared the quality traits, color, and microbial characteristics of solar dried and freeze dried Za'atar. The results showed that solar dried Za'atar had lower fat content and better color, while freeze dried Za'atar had lower microbial counts and higher sensory scores.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Feifei Yang, Xiyun Sun, Honghong Cai, Hongwei Xiao, Xianghua Wu, Chunju Liu, Haiou Wang, Jiaqi Hu
Summary: The effects of six edible gums (guar gum, gelatin, xanthan gum, pectin, konjac gum, and carrageenan) on the quality of freeze-dried restructured strawberry blocks (FRSB) were investigated. The addition of guar gum, gelatin, and pectin was recommended to improve the main qualities of FRSBs.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alessia Furgiuele, Franca Marino, Emanuela Rasini, Massimiliano Legnaro, Alessandra Luini, Maria Giulia Albizzati, Alessia di Flora, Barbara Pacchetti, Marco Cosentino
Summary: This study investigated the effects of CBD on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and CD4+ T cells, and found that CBD can affect cytokine production, cell proliferation, and the functional properties of regulatory T cells. However, the effects of CBD on cell proliferation and protein production were inconsistent, suggesting a complex activity that warrants further investigation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Dorota Cais-Sokolinska, Joanna Teichert, Jolanta Gawalek
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of freeze-drying on mare's milk preservation by characterizing the functional properties of reconstituted freeze-dried mare's milk. The freeze-drying process did not change the milk components, but resulted in poor foaming capacity and strong oil binding capacity. It improved the binding and retention of oil by milk proteins, but the produced foam was unstable and lacked the ability to retain air fractions.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yan Zhang, Zhaojun Zheng, Chunhuan Liu, Chin-ping Tan, Kui Xie, Yuanfa Liu
Summary: The study compared the lipid profiles and digestibility of freeze-dried and spray-dried goat milk fat globules. Freeze-dried goat milk showed higher levels of monounsaturated fatty acids and lower levels of cholesterol. It also preserved certain long-chain polyunsaturated triacylglycerols better. Additionally, freeze-dried goat milk had more lysophospholipids and showed slower gastric digestion and lower lipolysis levels during gastrointestinal digestion.
Article
Immunology
Yifan Wu, Shiguang Huang, Siyu Xiao, Jian He, Fangli Lu
Summary: Blocking galectin-receptor interactions affects liver immunopathology during Plasmodium berghei ANKA infection in mice, leading to decreased host survival rate, increased parasite burden, and exacerbated liver pathology.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Farshad Babaeijandaghi, Adrianna Paiero, Reece Long, Lin Wei Tung, Shannon Percival Smith, Ryan Cheng, Joshua Smandych, Nasim Kajabadi, Chih-Kai Chang, Amirhossein Ghassemi, William D. M. Kennedy, Hesham Soliman, Peter W. Schutz, Fabio M. Rossi
Summary: In this study, it is found that natural killer (NK) cells are the main source of IFN gamma in regenerating muscle. The production of IFN gamma is also limited to a small population of T cells. However, NK cells do not play a major role in muscle regeneration. The absence of IFN gamma per se has no effect on muscle regeneration, but its role is partially unmasked when TNF alpha is also neutralized.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Se Yun Jeong, Hyung-Seok Yu, Moon-Jin Ra, Sang-Mi Jung, Jeong-Nam Yu, Jin-Chul Kim, Ki Hyun Kim
Summary: This study identified nine secondary metabolites from the ethanolic extract of Equisetum arvense and found that some of these compounds have anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting their potential as prophylactic or therapeutic agents for dermatitis.
Article
Microbiology
Tamara Munoz-Caro, Amanda J. Gibson, Ivan Conejeros, Dirk Werling, Anja Taubert, Carlos Hermosilla
Summary: This study found that during bovine PMN-derived NETosis induced by E. bovis, both TLR2 and TLR4 were upregulated, while not significantly affecting phagocytosis of sporozoites. However, it enhanced IL-8 production, with TLR2 inducing stronger NF-kappa B activation compared to TLR4. Immunofluorescence analysis confirmed TLR expression on PMN and concurrent NET formation.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Y. Chen, S. Vanderick, R. R. Mota, C. Grelet, N. Gengler
Summary: The study aimed to estimate genetic parameters of N use efficiency and loss for Holstein cows, and assess their genetic correlations with other dairy production traits. Results showed that more efficient cows may produce more milk but have lower health, fertility, and longevity.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Francesca Soutter, Dirk Werling, Sungwon Kim, Ivan Pastor-Fernandez, Virginia Marugan-Hernandez, Fiona M. Tomley, Damer P. Blake
Summary: Experimental infection with different doses of Eimeria tenella in commercial layer chicken lines showed consistent lesion scores, parasite replication, and cytokine responses. Increasing the challenge dose did not significantly impact the observed outcomes, suggesting a dose of 4,000 E. tenella oocysts can reliably induce lesions and estimate parasite replication in commercial layer chickens. Further optimization of the challenge dose is important for maximizing the value of in vivo efficacy studies for coccidiosis.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Correction
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
D. C. Wathes, Z. Cheng, M. Salavati, L. Buggiotti, H. Takeda, L. Tang, F. Becker, K. L. Ingvartsen, C. Ferris, M. Hostens, M. A. Crowe
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matteo Donega, Cathrine T. Fjordbakk, Joseph Kirk, David M. Sokal, Isha Gupta, Gerald E. Hunsberger, Abbe Crawford, Simon Cook, Jaime Viscasillas, Thaleia-Rengina Stathopoulou, Jason A. Miranda, Wesley J. Dopson, David Goodwin, Alison Rowles, Paul McGill, Alex McSloy, Dirk Werling, Jason Witherington, Daniel J. Chew, Justin D. Perkins
Summary: Neuroimmunomodulation by stimulating autonomic connections to the spleen has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy for inflammatory conditions. Comparison of splenic nerves in mice, rats, pigs, and humans revealed pigs as a suitable model. Stimulation of the splenic nerve in pigs showed modulation of immune responses and cardiovascular protection, with parameters and biomarkers applicable to humans.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Marie-Christine Bartens, Amanda J. Gibson, Graham J. Etherington, Federica Di Palma, Angela Holder, Dirk Werling, Sam Willcocks
Summary: Research suggests that there are differences in the response to mycobacterial antigens between Brown Swiss and Holstein Friesian cattle, potentially due to single nucleotide polymorphisms in the TLR2 gene.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Francesca Soutter, Dirk Werling, Matthew Nolan, Tatiana Kuster, Elizabeth Attree, Virginia Marugan-Hernandez, Sungwon Kim, Fiona M. Tomley, Damer P. Blake
Summary: A cheap and easy-to-produce oral vaccine has been developed using Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast expressing Eimeria tenella antigens. The vaccine effectively reduces the replication of Eimeria tenella and improves the growth of chickens, making it an important tool for controlling coccidiosis in chickens, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Amanda J. Gibson, Ian J. Passmore, Valwynne Faulkner, Dong Xia, Irene Nobeli, Jennifer Stiens, Sam Willcocks, Taane G. Clark, Ben Sobkowiak, Dirk Werling, Bernardo Villarreal-Ramos, Brendan W. Wren, Sharon L. Kendall
Summary: The study investigated the differences in gene essentiality between Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium tuberculosis using transposon libraries and CRISPRi. It found shared essential genes between the two species, as well as species-specific responses to gene silencing. The research suggests potential differences in target vulnerability in antimicrobial pathways between human and animal adapted lineages of MTBC.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Amanda J. Gibson, Jennifer Stiens, Ian J. Passmore, Vaiwynne Faulkner, Josephous Miculob, Sam Willcocks, Michael Coad, Stefan Berg, Dirk Werling, Brendan W. Wren, Irene Nobeli, Bernardo Villarreal-Ramos, Sharon L. Kendall
Summary: This study provides the first report on the genetic requirements of an animal-adapted member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) in a natural host. M. bovis has devastating impacts on cattle, and bovine tuberculosis is a significant concern for the economy, animal welfare, and public health. The data highlight the importance of mycobacterial cholesterol catabolism and identify several new virulence factors. Additionally, the findings inform the development of new molecular diagnostics and therapeutics for tuberculosis in both human and animal populations.
Editorial Material
Parasitology
Jeannine Kolakowski, Tim Connelley, Petra Lukacik, Mark Pfuhl, Dirk Werling
Summary: Bovine theileriosis causes significant socioeconomic losses in sub-Saharan Africa. Challenges such as acaricide resistance, limited therapeutic options, and lack of cross-protective vaccines further increase parasite spread risks due to global warming. This article highlights three important areas for investigation for the development of next-generation vaccines.
TRENDS IN PARASITOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Rafael Agustin Burgos, Dirk Werling, Carlos Rodrigo Hermosilla
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Zhangrui Cheng, Sergio Palma-Vera, Laura Buggiotti, Mazdak Salavati, Frank Becker, Dirk Werling, D. Claire Wathes
Summary: This study investigated the genetic expression differences and genetic variations between dairy cows with clinical mastitis and healthy control cows. The results showed that many immune and inflammatory genes were up-regulated in the early phase of infection, while haemoglobin subunits were mainly up-regulated in the late phase. Additionally, genetic variations associated with immune gene expression were identified. These findings suggest that the initial inflammatory response to E. coli lasted for at least 10 days and genetic differences between cows may predispose them to infection.
Correction
Immunology
Marion Holzapfel, Delphine Bonhomme, Julie Cagliero, Frederique Vernel-Pauillac, Martine Fanton d'Andon, Sophia Bortolussi, Laurence Fiette, Cyrille Goarant, Elsio A. Wunder, Mathieu Picardeau, Albert I. Ko, Dirk Werling, Mariko Matsui, Ivo G. Boneca, Catherine Werts
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Neil Marr, Danae E. E. Zamboulis, Dirk Werling, Alessandro A. A. Felder, Jayesh Dudhia, Andrew A. A. Pitsillides, Chavaunne T. T. Thorpe
Summary: This study reveals that the interfascicular matrix is a unique tendon cell niche, consisting of a rich vascular network and basement membranes. Experimentally, CD146+ cells in the interfascicular matrix were found to play an important role in promoting tendon structure and/or function, but do not exhibit stem cell-like phenotypes.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pathology
Jennifer R. Irving, Thomas K. Hiron, Lucy J. Davison, Dong Xia, Samuel Beck, Dirk Werling, Jonathan Williams
Summary: Differentiating between canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and intestinal T-cell lymphoma can be challenging and invasive. This study explored the potential use of microRNA (miRNA) as a non-invasive biomarker for diagnosis. Using archived endoscopically-derived tissue, miRNA was extracted and differentially expressed miRNAs were identified to differentiate between normal/minimally inflamed tissue, severe IBD, and T-cell lymphoma in dogs.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PATHOLOGY
(2023)