Review
Virology
Fatai S. Oladunni, Saheed Oluwasina Oseni, Luis Martinez-Sobrido, Thomas M. Chambers
Summary: Equine influenza virus (EIV) is a constantly evolving viral pathogen responsible for yearly outbreaks of respiratory disease in horses. The virus can evade host protective immunity, making it a successful pathogen. Despite vaccination, the protective effects decay over time, allowing for continued transmission.
Article
Immunology
Giorgio Fedele, Filippo Trentini, Ilaria Schiavoni, Sergio Abrignani, Guido Antonelli, Vincenzo Baldo, Tatjana Baldovin, Alessandra Bandera, Filippa Bonura, Pierangelo Clerici, Massimo De Paschale, Francesca Fortunato, Andrea Gori, Renata Grifantini, Giancarlo Icardi, Tiziana Lazzarotto, Vittorio Lodi, Claudio Maria Mastroianni, Andrea Orsi, Rosa Prato, Vincenzo Restivo, Rita Carsetti, Eva Piano Mortari, Pasqualina Leone, Eleonora Olivetta, Stefano Fiore, Angela Di Martino, Silvio Brusaferro, Stefano Merler, Anna Teresa Palamara, Paola Stefanelli
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate immune responses to different COVID-19 vaccines and found that mRNA vaccines were stronger inducers of antibody responses and B-memory cell responses. Humoral immune responses were lower in frail elderly individuals. Neutralization of Delta AY.4 and Omicron BA.1 variants was severely impaired in older individuals. Most vaccinees retained vaccine-specific T-cell memory six months after vaccination.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
SangJoon Lee, Jin-Hyeob Ryu
Summary: The innate immune system serves as the first line of defense against influenza viruses, and mRNA vaccines are being explored as a promising alternative to traditional approaches due to their safety, cost-effectiveness, rapid development capabilities, and high efficacy. This review provides insights into the innate immune response to mRNA vaccination, as well as discusses the future directions and challenges in advancing this promising therapeutic approach.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Barbara Poniedzialek, Ewelina Hallmann, Dominika Sikora, Karol Szymanski, Katarzyna Kondratiuk, Jakub Zurawski, Piotr Rzymski, Lidia Brydak
Summary: Evidence suggests that vaccination against seasonal influenza can enhance innate immune responses to COVID-19 and reduce disease severity. This study aimed to compare humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 in non-hospitalized, COVID-19 unvaccinated patients and mild COVID-19 convalescent patients who were and were not vaccinated against influenza. The results showed that influenza-vaccinated patients had higher levels of antibodies against nucleocapsid and receptor binding domain compared to non-vaccinated patients.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jiamin Deng, Zongmei Wang, Zhipeng Zhou, Wentao Yu, Xun Li, Zhiyong Song, Heyou Han, Ling Zhao
Summary: Rabies is a deadly disease that poses a public health threat. Traditional syringe vaccines for rabies have limitations in terms of accessibility and administration. Therefore, the development of microneedles nanovaccines is a significant breakthrough for preventing rabies in developing countries.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Leela R. L. Davies, Deniz Cizmeci, Wenyue Guo, Corinne Luedemann, Ronika Alexander-Parrish, Lindsay Grant, Raul Isturiz, Christian Theilacker, Luis Jodar, Bradford D. Gessner, Galit Alter
Summary: Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of pneumonia, bacteremia, and meningitis in older adults. Two vaccines, PPSV23 and PCV13, containing S. pneumoniae capsular polysaccharides are currently in use. While both vaccines elicit similar killing activity, PCV13 induces a broader and more durable antibody response with increased functionality.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Virology
Felicia Schlotthauer, Joey McGregor, Heidi E. Drummer
Summary: Despite the high effectiveness of direct-acting antiviral agents in treating existing hepatitis C infections, most countries are unlikely to reach the World Health Organization targets for elimination of HCV by 2030. Therefore, the development of a prophylactic vaccine remains a top priority. Current research is shifting towards vaccines that generate humoral immunity, either alone or in combination with T cell-based vaccines, with a focus on high-resolution structures of viral glycoproteins and their interaction with monoclonal antibodies.
Article
Immunology
Carson L. Smith, Beth Bednarchik, Htin Aung, Dennis J. Wilk, Rebecca S. Boxer, Andrea E. Daddato, Brigid M. Wilson, Stefan Gravenstein, David H. Canaday
Summary: This study conducted a randomized clinical trial to analyze the immune response of nursing home residents who received adjuvanted influenza vaccine. The findings show that the adjuvanted vaccine induced a stronger immune response, particularly in the production of antibodies against A/H3N2 neuraminidase, compared to the nonadjuvanted vaccine.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Melika Ben Ahmed, Hedia Bellali, Mariem Gdoura, Imen Zamali, Ouafa Kallala, Ahlem Ben Hmid, Walid Hamdi, Hela Ayari, Hajer Fares, Karim Mechri, Soumaya Marzouki, Henda Triki, Nissaf Ben Alaya, Mohamed Kouni Chahed, Anis Klouz, Sonia Sebai Ben Amor, Chiheb Ben Rayana, Myriam Razgallah Khrouf, Chokri Hamouda, Noomene Elkadri, Riadh Daghfous, Abdelhalim Trabelsi
Summary: This study evaluated the humoral and cellular immune responses in subjects aged 40 years and over who received different vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. The results showed that RNA-based COVID-19 vaccines, particularly Moderna, demonstrated superior immunogenicity in both humoral and cellular responses.
Article
Immunology
Zhimin Zhao, Yao Deng, Peihua Niu, Jingdong Song, Wen Wang, Yongping Du, Baoying Huang, Wenling Wang, Leiliang Zhang, Ping Zhao, Wenjie Tan
Summary: The study found that co-immunization with DNA and VLP induced the highest levels of antigen-specific IgG and neutralizing activity, while DNA vaccination alone induced the strongest cellular immunity. All vaccine groups were able to protect mice from lethal CHIKV challenge, but mice co-immunized with DNA and VLP exhibited the best protective effects, with the mildest histopathological changes and lowest scores.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Vanessa Haach, Ana Paula Almeida Bastos, Danielle Gava, Francisco Noe da Fonseca, Marcos Antonio Zanella Mores, Arlei Coldebella, Ana Claudia Franco, Rejane Schaefer
Summary: This study evaluated the immunogenicity of a virosome-based influenza vaccine against different subtypes of influenza A virus in pigs. The results showed that the vaccine induced a robust humoral and cellular immune response, resulting in long-lasting immunity and no harmful effects on pigs.
Review
Immunology
Ericka Kirkpatrick Roubidoux, Stacey Schultz-Cherry
Summary: Animal models have been crucial in the development of influenza virus vaccines. Novel vaccines are currently in development and rely heavily on animal models to determine efficacy and immunogenicity.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Simin Wen, Zhengyu Wu, Shuyi Zhong, Mao Li, Yuelong Shu
Summary: This paper reviews the factors that may influence the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines, including vaccine factors, adjuvants, individual factors, repeated vaccination, and genetic factors, and emphasizes the importance of fully identifying these factors.
HUMAN VACCINES & IMMUNOTHERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hyesun Jang, Ted M. Ross
Summary: The study found that the humoral response to trivalent seasonal influenza virus vaccines was influenced by rapid antigenic switching of H1 HA. While successful induction of antibodies against H1N1 and H3N2 vaccine components was observed, a strong immune response against CA/09 H1N1 influenza virus negatively influenced the induction of novel humoral responses to other vaccine strains.
Article
Cell Biology
Yongbo Qiao, Shenghui Jin, Jiaojiao Nie, Yaotian Chang, Bo Wang, Shanshan Guan, Qinghan Li, Yuhua Shi, Wei Kong, Yaming Shan
Summary: The use of recombinant trimeric hemagglutinin (HA) as an antigen in a DNA vaccine shows promise as a competitive candidate vaccine against influenza viruses. It elicits significant immune responses and provides protection against lethal infection.
JOURNAL OF LEUKOCYTE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jennifer A. Whitaker, Sameer A. Parikh, Tait D. Shanafelt, Neil E. Kay, Richard B. Kennedy, Diane E. Grill, Krista M. Goergen, Timothy G. Call, Saad S. Kendarian, Wei Ding, Gregory A. Poland
Summary: Among patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis (MBL), the immunogenicity of high-dose influenza vaccine is lower compared to healthy adults, with MBL patients showing greater immunogenicity against influenza B compared to CLL patients.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Colin Pawlowski, Arjun Puranik, Hari Bandi, A. J. Venkatakrishnan, Vineet Agarwal, Richard Kennedy, John C. O'Horo, Gregory J. Gores, Amy W. Williams, John Halamka, Andrew D. Badley, Venky Soundararajan
Summary: Clinical studies are being conducted to evaluate the potential of existing vaccines in providing protection against SARS-CoV-2 through trained immunity. Analysis of immunization records from 137,037 individuals who underwent SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests revealed associations between various vaccines and decreased infection rates, with a significant reduction among black individuals who received the PCV13 vaccine.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Iana H. Haralambieva, Katherine G. Eberhard, Inna G. Ovsyannikova, Diane E. Grill, Daniel J. Schaid, Richard B. Kennedy, Gregory A. Poland
Summary: This study identified novel genes that mediate the association between prior immune response and neutralizing antibody titer after a third MMR vaccine dose, involving in innate antiviral response, IFN/cytokine signaling, B cell repertoire generation, the clonal selection of B lymphocytes in germinal centers, and somatic hypermutation/antibody affinity maturation to enhance antigen-specific B cell immune function.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Editorial Material
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Gregory A. Poland, Inna G. Ovsyannikova, Richard B. Kennedy
Summary: Pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics are well integrated into the drug side of clinical medicine, but diffusion into the biologics side, particularly in the field of human vaccines, has been slow. This has resulted in a lack of scientific foundation for understanding, designing, and evaluating vaccines, especially for hypervariable viruses and complex pathogens.
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stephen N. Crooke, Inna G. Ovsyannikova, Richard B. Kennedy, Gregory A. Poland
Summary: Researchers identified 90 ZIKV peptides naturally processed and presented on HLA class I and II molecules, with a subset of nine peptides predicted to provide global population coverage and stable structural properties suitable for vaccine formulation. This highlights the potential clinical benefit of including ZIKV T cell epitopes in experimental vaccine formulations.
Review
Allergy
Richard B. Kennedy, Inna G. Ovsyannikova, Gregory A. Poland
Summary: Influenza is an annual seasonal epidemic that causes considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite the availability of safe and effective vaccines, challenges such as antigenic drift and shift hinder efforts to control the disease. Developing newer, more effective vaccines, including broadly protective universal influenza vaccines, is necessary to address these obstacles.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE
(2021)
Article
Hematology
Eli Muchtar, Amber B. Koehler, Michael J. Johnson, Kari G. Rabe, Wei Ding, Timothy G. Call, Jose F. Leis, Saad S. Kenderian, Suzanne R. Hayman, Yucai Wang, Paul J. Hampel, Matthew A. Holets, Heather C. Darby, Susan L. Slager, Neil E. Kay, Congrong Miao, Jennifer Canniff, Jennifer A. Whitaker, Myron J. Levin, D. Scott Schmid, Richard B. Kennedy, Adriana Weinberg, Sameer A. Parikh
Summary: This study investigated the immunogenicity of RZV in MBL/CLL patients and found that the antibody and T-cell responses to the vaccine were lower compared to historic controls, with only 29% of participants achieving combined responses. Hypogammaglobulinemia and BTKi therapy were associated with reduced T-cell responses. Strategies to improve vaccine response in MBL/CLL patients are needed to enhance protection against infections.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Marguerite M. Riggenbach, Iana H. Haralambieva, Inna G. Ovsyannikova, Daniel J. Schaid, Gregory A. Poland, Richard B. Kennedy
Summary: This study found that females have higher neutralizing antibody titers after receiving two doses of MMR vaccine, while males have higher secretion levels of certain cytokines.
CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Richard B. Kennedy
Article
Immunology
Richard B. Kennedy, Inna G. Ovsyannikova, Iana H. Haralambieva, Diane E. Grill, Gregory A. Poland
Summary: The availability of effective smallpox vaccines was crucial for eradicating smallpox. This study utilized a poxvirus proteome array to assess the antibody response to viral proteins in smallpox vaccine recipients, revealing differences in antibody response between genders and racial/ethnic groups. The findings support the use of ACAM2000 as a replacement smallpox vaccine and demonstrate the value of poxvirus proteome microarrays in serologic surveillance studies for smallpox.
Article
Microbiology
David Camerini, Arlo Z. Randall, Krista Trappl-Kimmons, Amit Oberai, Christopher Hung, Joshua Edgar, Adam Shandling, Vu Huynh, Andy A. Teng, Gary Hermanson, Jozelyn Pablo, Megan M. Stumpf, Sandra N. Lester, Jennifer Harcourt, Azaibi Tamin, Mohammed Rasheed, Natalie J. Thornburg, Panayampalli S. Satheshkumar, Xiaowu Liang, Richard B. Kennedy, Angela Yee, Michael Townsend, Joseph J. Campo
Summary: This study utilized a multi-coronavirus protein microarray to identify specific antibody reactivity in COVID-19 patients, revealing highly reactive protein regions specific to COVID-19 patients and demonstrating cross-reactivity of these antibodies with other human coronaviruses.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Huy Quang Quach, Inna G. Ovsyannikova, Gregory A. Poland, Richard B. Kennedy
Summary: This paper describes the development of an ELISA method for detecting antibodies specific to peptides and proteins derived from the SARS-CoV-2 virus in immunized golden Syrian hamsters. The method allows quantitative assessment of humoral immune responses at the peptide and protein levels, and has potential applications in the development and testing of peptide-based vaccines in hamsters.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGICAL METHODS
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Laura Evgin, Tim Kottke, Jason Tonne, Jill Thompson, Amanda L. Huff, Jacob van Vloten, Madelyn Moore, Josefine Michael, Christopher Driscoll, Jose Pulido, Eric Swanson, Richard Kennedy, Matt Coffey, Houra Loghmani, Luis Sanchez-Perez, Gloria Olivier, Kevin Harrington, Hardev Pandha, Alan Melcher, Rosa Maria Diaz, Richard G. Vile
Summary: Combining oncolytic viruses (OVs) and CAR T cell therapy can enhance the efficacy of CAR T cells in the solid tumor microenvironment. Stimulation of the native T cell receptor by viral epitopes can enhance CAR T cell proliferation and antitumor function, leading to prolonged survival.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Virology
Huy Quang Quach, Richard B. Kennedy
Summary: The study found that intradermal (ID) administration of influenza vaccines is more immunogenic in the elderly compared to intramuscular (IM) or subcutaneous (SC) routes, offering a potential solution to the decline in immunogenicity observed in this age group. Additionally, the main benefit of ID influenza vaccine lies in its dose-sparing effect, although it may cause more frequent but mild local adverse reactions.
Article
Virology
Iana H. Haralambieva, Huy Quang Quach, Inna G. Ovsyannikova, Krista M. Goergen, Diane E. Grill, Gregory A. Poland, Richard B. Kennedy
Summary: This study aimed to explore the impact of CD4(+) T cell transcriptional activity on humoral immune response in older adults (≥65 years old) vaccinated with different types of influenza vaccines. The results showed differential gene expression and pathways associated with humoral immune response in CD4(+) T cells between the two vaccine types. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying declining immunity in older adults and may contribute to improving protective immune response.
