Correlations of Rydberg excitations in an ultracold gas after an echo sequence

We show that Rydberg states in an ultracold gas can be excited with strongly preferred nearest-neighbor distance if densities are well below saturation. The scheme makes use of an echo sequence in which the first half of a laser pulse excites Rydberg states while the second half returns atoms to the ground state, as in the experiment of Raitzsch et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 013002 (2008)]. Near the end of the echo sequence, almost any remaining Rydberg atom is separated from its next-neighbor Rydberg atom by a distance slightly larger than the instantaneous blockade radius halfway through the pulse. These correlations lead to large deviations of the atom-counting statistics from a Poissonian distribution. Our results are based on the exact quantum evolution of samples with small numbers of atoms. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of the. expansion for the approximate description of correlation dynamics through an echo sequence.