Article
Acoustics
Yongheng Zhong, Tao Xu, Shengyang Ji, Xiaodan Wu, Tian Zha, Shimin Li, Peng Zhang, Kaimian Li, Baiyi Lu
Summary: The study found that ultrasonic pretreatment (UPT) is an effective way to remove cyanide from cassava in a short period of time, enhancing the safety of cassava. UPT can improve the processing of cassava by directly eliminating hydrogen cyanide and indirectly degrading cyanogenic glycosides, while also promoting enzymatic hydrolysis.
ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yongheng Zhong, Tao Xu, Xiaodan Wu, Kaimian Li, Peng Zhang, Shengyang Ji, Shimin Li, Lufei Zheng, Baiyi Lu
Summary: This paper evaluated the dietary risks of cassava cyanide and proposed a maximum residue limit for cyanogenic glycosides in cassava. The results showed no chronic health risk across all populations concerning cassava consumption. It is suggested that risk assessment of cyanide for foods rich in CNGs should be based on CNGs quantification rather than that of CN-.
Review
Plant Sciences
Jennifer McMahon, Richard Sayre, Tawanda Zidenga
Summary: Cassava is an important staple crop worldwide, but it has received the least investment compared to other major global crops. It is grown by subsistence farmers in countries with limited resources for crop improvement. The starchy roots of cassava are high in calories but low in protein and essential nutrients. They also contain potentially toxic levels of cyanogenic glycosides that must be reduced before consumption. Recent progress in understanding the metabolism of cyanogens in cassava may offer a solution to creating a safer and more nutritious crop.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yongheng Zhong, Ye Li, Qi Chen, Shengyang Ji, Minhao Xu, Yuqi Liu, Xiaodan Wu, Shimin Li, Kaimian Li, Baiyi Lu
Summary: In this study, the researchers investigated the degradation efficiency of cyanogenic glycosides in cassava using a cassava linamarase mutant. The results showed that the mutant had improved catalytic activity and thermal stability, leading to a higher degradation efficiency of cyanogenic glycosides. The study also highlighted the potential of the mutant in food applications. However, further research is needed to understand the catalytic mechanism.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
T. Joseph, S. Sreejith, X. Joseph, V. P. Sangeetha, N. Prajitha, U. Vandana, C. A. Jayaprakas, P. Mohanan
Summary: Cassava, an important root crop in tropical countries, was formulated into biopesticide CCE to combat borer insect pests. Cell studies showed dose-dependent cytotoxicity of CCE on A549 cells, with different effects on free radical scavenging and nitrite radicals, and a negative correlation with mitochondrial and lysosomal functions. Higher concentrations of CCE led to necrotic cell death rather than apoptosis, indicating significant anti-proliferative ability.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Alicia A. Quinn, Harry Myrans, Roslyn M. Gleadow
Summary: This study investigated cassava food products in Melbourne, Australia and found that ready-to-eat cassava chips had the highest cyanide content, with imported products having higher levels than those manufactured in Australia. Cyanide was detected in frozen cassava products, but processing according to instructions significantly reduced the levels. The study emphasizes the need for ongoing testing of cassava food products.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Egoamaka O. Egbune, Theresa Ezedom, Osuvwe C. Orororo, Olisemeke U. Egbune, Oghenetega J. Avwioroko, Eferhire Aganbi, Akpovwehwee A. Anigboro, Nyerhovwo J. Tonukari
Summary: Solid-state fermentation (SSF) is a promising technology for producing value-added products from cassava. It offers advantages such as lower costs, reduced water usage, and higher product yields. SSF can enhance the nutritional value of cassava-based products and minimize waste by utilizing cassava waste as a substrate. However, optimizing process conditions and developing cost-effective production processes are essential for successful commercialization.
WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
S. Sreejith, Joseph Tom, V. P. Sangeetha, U. Vandana, Joseph Xavier, C. A. Jayaprakas, P. Mohanan
Summary: The study tested the cytotoxic effect of cassava cyanide extract (CCE) on human glioblastoma cells (LN229). The results showed that CCE had a dose-dependent toxicity on glioblastoma cells, reducing cell viability by negatively affecting mitochondrial activity, lysosomal and cytoskeletal integrity. The CCE also interfered with the cell cycle and induced cell death, suggesting its potential as an antineoplastic agent against glioblastoma cells.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Adnan Mukhtar, Sajid Latif, Ziba Barati, Joachim Mueller
Summary: Cassava production generates significant by-products, such as leaves and tuber peel, which can be valorized instead of being considered as waste. However, the presence of cyanide and insoluble fibers presents challenges for their conversion into valuable products. This study investigated the changes in cyanide concentration and quality of cassava leaves after mechanical pressing and in tuber peel after enzyme treatment.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Marianna Giancaterino, Thomas Fauster, Anna Krottenthaler, Henry Jaeger
Summary: This study investigates the use of pulsed electric fields (PEF) as a pre-treatment method to improve the debittering process and facilitate the degradation of cyanide precursors in cherry kernels. Different PEF treatments were performed at a constant electric field strength of 2.2 kV/cm, with varying energy inputs. The results show that PEF-treated samples have higher and faster detoxification efficiency, as well as minimizing sugar loss during the debittering process.
INNOVATIVE FOOD SCIENCE & EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ewa Jaszczak-Wilke, Zaneta Polkowska, Marek Koprowski, Krzysztof Owsianik, Alyson E. Mitchell, Piotr Balczewski
Summary: Amygdalin is a natural cyanogenic glycoside found in the seeds of some edible plants, with both anticancer activity and toxicity due to hydrogen cyanide production. Despite studies on cancer cell lines, clinical evidence for its anticancer properties is not fully confirmed. High dose exposures to amygdalin can lead to cyanide toxicity.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Mohd Aaqib Sheikh, Charanjiv Singh Saini, Harish Kumar Sharma
Summary: The effects of microwave heating, hydrothermal treatment, and their combination on the composition, cyanogenic glycosides, color, and bioactive compounds of plum kernels have been studied. The combined effect of hydrothermal and microwave heating proved to be an effective tool for neutralizing the toxic effect of cyanogenic glycosides in plum kernels.
CURRENT RESEARCH IN FOOD SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Xue Huang, Jiayi Xu, Feng Gao, Hongyan Zhang, Ling Guo
Summary: This study uses spectroscopy to rapidly identify sweet and bitter apricot kernels by determining the amygdalin content. A model has been established to classify and differentiate sweet and bitter apricot kernels. The combination of principal component analysis-K-nearest neighbor classification algorithm and multivariate scattering correction pretreatment method can accurately distinguish sweet and bitter apricot kernels in a specific wavelength range, as well as identify apricot kernel species in the full wavelength spectrum. Furthermore, the prediction of amygdalin content using the partial least squares model is superior to the back-propagation neural network model.
FOOD SCIENCE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Shelby M. Gruss, Manoj Ghaste, Joshua R. Widhalm, Mitchell R. Tuinstra
Summary: This study investigated the impact of CG dhurrin on fall armyworm feeding and plant growth in sorghum using genetic mutants and nondestructive phenotyping techniques. Results showed that disrupting dhurrin biosynthesis led to faster plant growth but increased susceptibility to insect feeding in sorghum seedlings.
THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS
(2022)
Review
Toxicology
Anil Panghal, Claudia Munezero, Paras Sharma, Navnidhi Chhikara
Summary: Cassava, a drought resistant staple food in tropical areas, contains high levels of starch and has great potential in food security and industrial applications. However, its toxicity and safety concerns due to cyanogenic glycosides have led to various processing methods for detoxification.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Klaus Abraham, Jan Hielscher, Jan Kuhlmann, Bernhard H. Monien
Summary: The study found that 2/3-MCPD esters and glycidol are absorbed in the intestine, and their metabolites DHPMA and 2/3-MCPD in urine can serve as biomarkers for external exposure. The urinary excretion rates of 2/3-MCPD vary after consuming different fats, indicating partial conversion in the stomach.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Nick Bergau, Zhiyong Zhao, Klaus Abraham, Bernhard H. Monien
Summary: This study identified and quantified the oxidative metabolites 2-chlorohydracrylic acid and 3-chlorolactic acid of 2-MCPD and 3-MCPD in human urine samples for the first time. However, these metabolites may not be suitable as exposure biomarkers for low doses of bound 2-MCPD and 3-MCPD due to lack of specificity.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Nick Bergau, Uta M. Herfurth, Benjamin Sachse, Klaus Abraham, Bernhard H. Monien
Summary: Estragole and anethole are secondary metabolites found in commonly used herbs, with potential genotoxic and carcinogenic effects. Research has shown similarities in their metabolic pathways and bioactivation. Specific adducts were detected in human blood, indicating internal exposure to these compounds.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Iris Trefflich, Stefan Dietrich, Annett Braune, Klaus Abraham, Cornelia Weikert
Summary: This study compared concentrations of SCFA, BCFA, ammonia, and fecal pH between vegans and omnivores, finding no significant differences in SCFA and BCFA concentrations but lower fecal pH and ammonia concentration in vegans. The results suggest that bacterial functionality may be adapted to varying nutrient availability in these diets.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Stefan Dietrich, Iris Trefflich, Per Magne Ueland, Juliane Menzel, Katharina J. Penczynski, Klaus Abraham, Cornelia Weikert
Summary: This study compared the dietary intake and plasma concentration of amino acids (AAs) between vegans and omnivores. It found that vegans consumed lower levels of AAs but still met the requirements. In addition, the different AAs intake seemed to influence the composition of gut microbiota.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Katharina J. Penczynski, Benedikt Cramer, Stefan Dietrich, Hans-Ulrich Humpf, Klaus Abraham, Cornelia Weikert
Summary: Vegans have a higher exposure to the mycotoxin OTA compared to omnivores, but there is no significant difference in exposure to other mycotoxins. Further research is needed to evaluate mycotoxin exposure from plant-based diets.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Bernhard H. Monien, Nick Bergau, Janneke G. F. Hogervorst, Tim S. Nawrot, Iris Trefflich, Cornelia Weikert, Klaus Abraham
Summary: The study reveals that FF-Val is present in human samples, with lower levels in vegans and non-smokers compared to omnivores and smokers. Additionally, maternal samples have higher levels of FF-Val compared to newborn samples, possibly due to placental barrier. Dietary habits and tobacco smoking are key factors influencing the formation of FFA-Val.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Fabian Gauch, Klaus Abraham, Bernhard H. Monien
Summary: This study developed a new method for simultaneous quantification of adducts of eight genotoxic substances in hemoglobin. The method is simple, sensitive, and accurate, and can be extended to other adducts.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Klaus Abraham, Iris Trefflich, Fabian Gauch, Cornelia Weikert
Summary: Following a strict raw food diet may lead to undersupply of energy and essential nutrients. In this study, strict raw food eaters had lower body fat percentage and lower intake of certain nutrients compared to non-raw food eaters. They also had lower levels of HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, zinc, and vitamin D3.
Editorial Material
Environmental Sciences
Bernhard H. Monien, Klaus Abraham
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Stefan Dietrich, Anna-Liisa Elorinne, Nick Bergau, Klaus Abraham, Tilman Grune, Juha Laakso, Daniela Weber, Cornelia Weikert, Bernhard H. Monien
Summary: This cross-sectional study compared the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in vegans and omnivores, showing that protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde concentrations did not differ between the two groups. However, Finnish vegans had lower concentrations of 3-nitrotyrosine, and German vegans had lower excretion levels of 8-iso-PGF2α, with a trend for lower levels of 8-OHdG. These findings contribute to understanding the relationship between diet and oxidative stress.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Juliane Menzel, Alessa Longree, Klaus Abraham, Matthias B. Schulze, Cornelia Weikert
Summary: The vegan diet has gained popularity in Germany in recent years. A study comparing vegans and omnivores found that vegans have a lower intake of total fat, saturated fatty acids, and monounsaturated fatty acids, but higher intake of total polyunsaturated fatty acids, omega-3, and omega-6 fatty acids. Additionally, vegans have more favorable plasma fatty acid profiles, with lower proportions of saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, and omega-3 fatty acids, but higher proportions of omega-6 fatty acids. Overall, a vegan diet is associated with a more favorable dietary fat intake and plasma fatty acid profile, which may reduce cardiovascular risk.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Katharina J. Penczynski, Thomas Remer, Juliane Menzel, Klaus Abraham, Cornelia Weikert
Summary: The study found significant differences in acid-base profiles between vegans and omnivores, with vegans exhibiting a pronounced alkaline excess and omnivores having a relatively low acid load. However, within the spectrum of alkaline to low acid load, no association with bone health was found.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Klaus Abraham, Katharina Penczynski, Bernhard H. Monien, Nick Bergau, Sven Knueppel, Cornelia Weikert
Summary: This study compared the concentration of a specific metabolite in the urine of vegans and omnivores, and found that the difference disappeared when adjusted for creatinine. However, after adjusting for creatinine, the concentration in omnivores was found to be 26% lower than in vegans. This may be due to the consumption of meat and fish as exogenous sources of creatinine.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYGIENE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Helena Mertens, Benedikt Noll, Tanja Schwerdtle, Klaus Abraham, Bernhard H. Monien
Summary: The aim of this study was to select and optimize efficient extraction methods for eleven perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAA). It was found that using methanol and ENVI-Carb columns for extraction provided the simplest and most efficient results.
ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)