Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Xin Wang, Dikai Guan
Summary: The nucleation and grain growth of 34 coarse grains were tracked using a quasi-in-situ EBSD method. Most grains did not have a basal orientation, and no preferential grain growth or special types of grain boundaries were observed. Nine coarse grains nucleated from deformed grain boundaries, mainly within dislocation cells or subgrains in deformed grain interiors. The growth behavior of these grains can be explained by abnormal subgrain growth rarely reported in Mg alloys. The coarse basal grains did not show any growth advantage compared to other non-basal grains, resulting in a weak basal texture in the AZ31B alloy.
JOURNAL OF MAGNESIUM AND ALLOYS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Mingzhe Bian, Xinsheng Huang, Yasumasa Chino
Summary: In the solution treated state, Ag and Ca atoms segregate to grain boundaries, promoting the early formation of GB precipitates compared to the grain interior. Prolonged aging results in the growth of GB precipitates, which serve as preferred initiation sites for microcracks.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Feng Zhao, Jinhong Xie, Yikun Zhu, Qiancheng Liu, Tian Ye, Lianyang Chen, Tao Suo, Kaixuan Wang, Tao Wang, Qingyuan Wang
Summary: Dynamic extrusion is a promising method to improve both strength and ductility in magnesium alloys by introducing high-density extension twins and dislocation structures. Annealing after dynamic extrusion enhances strain hardening and strength, with high-density twins promoting more dislocation nucleation and offering additional slip systems for improved ductility. This study suggests that increasing twin density through dynamic extrusion can enhance the mechanical properties of magnesium alloys efficiently.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Zhi Zhang, Jinghuai Zhang, Jinshu Xie, Shujuan Liu, Wei Fu, Ruizhi Wu
Summary: By introducing beneficial solute to achieve grain boundary segregation and reducing the critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) ratio, we obtained a Mg-0.3Er alloy with moderate-fine grains and high ductility. This study not only provides an effective way for large-scale development of high ductility Mg alloys at room temperature, but also reveals the origins of ultrahigh ductility by examining the fraction of non-basal slips and the level of grain boundary segregation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PLASTICITY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Tianxu Zheng, Yaobo Hu, Bin Jiang, Liang Fu, Fusheng Pan, Aitao Tang
Summary: This study investigates the impact of Gd elements on the enhancement of ductility in the Mg-Gd-Zr alloy. It was found that Gd elements can reduce the critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) ratio between non-basal slip and basal slip, facilitating the initiation of more non-basal slip systems to accommodate strain. Furthermore, the segregation of Gd elements at grain boundaries was observed to enhance the grain boundary strength of the alloy, which is a significant factor in the enhancement of ductility.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Wenbin Zhou, Jianguo Lin, Trevor A. Dean
Summary: In this paper, curved AZ31 Mg alloy profiles were manufactured by a novel process called differential velocity sideways extrusion (DVSE), and the effects of extrusion temperature and velocity on curvature, microstructure, and mechanical properties were investigated. The results showed that profile curvature could be controlled by the velocity ratio, and the extrusion temperature and velocity had a minor impact on curvature. The DVSE process resulted in a homogeneous microstructure and improved mechanical properties of the profiles.
JOURNAL OF MAGNESIUM AND ALLOYS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Zhi Zhang, Jinghuai Zhang, Jinshu Xie, Shujuan Liu, Yuying He, Kai Guan, Ruizhi Wu
Summary: A new low-alloyed Mg-2Sm-0.8Mn-0.6Ca-0.5Zn alloy is prepared by low-temperature and low-speed extrusion, which exhibits high strength but low ductility. After annealing, the alloy shows both high strength and high ductility due to the effective inhibition of grain growth by grain boundary co-segregation and decreased dislocation density. The evolution of immovable long dislocations towards new grain boundaries is a key factor for the remarkable increase of ductility in the annealed alloy.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Risheng Pei, Yongchun Zou, Muhammad Zubair, Daqing Wei, Talal Al-Samman
Summary: This study investigates the synergistic effect of various alloying elements on the texture and microstructure evolution in magnesium alloys. The results demonstrate that adjusting the precipitation and solute segregation can lead to desired texture modifications.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Kai Zhang, Zhutao Shao, Joseph Robson, Yan Huang, Jinghua Zheng, Jun Jiang
Summary: A new cryogenic-hot forming process concept is proposed and proven to improve the ductility and fracture strength of magnesium alloys. This is achieved through effective grain refinement and texture weakening, making it a potential innovative method for producing high-performance magnesium components.
JOURNAL OF MAGNESIUM AND ALLOYS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Risheng Pei, Yongchun Zou, Daqing Wei, Talal Al-Samman
Summary: Alloying additions in magnesium can modify common basal textures during recrystallization based on their solid solubility and precipitation behavior. The type and level of solute segregation in grain boundaries play a key role in controlling the growth behavior. Further research can advance current alloy design strategies by tweaking the solute concentration in the solid solution.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Supriya Nandy, Shao-Pu Tsai, Leigh Stephenson, Dierk Raabe, Stefan Zaefferer
Summary: This study investigates the quantitative roles of Ca, Al, and Zn in improving the ductility of Mg alloys, with a focus on the synergistic effects of Ca and Zn. The results show that the balanced influence of reduced slip anisotropy and increased grain boundary cohesion can design high strength and high ductility rare-earth free Mg alloy. The addition of Ca, Zn, and Al have different effects on the alloy's performance, and the balanced effects contribute to improved strength and ductility.
JOURNAL OF MAGNESIUM AND ALLOYS
(2021)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Yong-Kang Li, Min Zha, Hai-Long Jia, Si-Qing Wang, Hong-Min Zhang, Xiao Ma, Teng Tian, Pin-Kui Ma, Hui-Yuan Wang
Summary: By using hard plate rolling process, the volume fraction of fine grains in bimodal grain structure can be effectively tailored, resulting in optimized strength and ductility with a high ultimate tensile strength and decent uniform elongation. The desired bimodal grain structure can be achieved by co-regulating particle effects and inhibiting the growth of recrystallized grains.
JOURNAL OF MAGNESIUM AND ALLOYS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Yuan Qi Li, Feng Li, Fu Wei Kang, Hua Qiu Du, Zi Yu Chen
Summary: Extrusion process is a main method for forming lightweight and low plastic magnesium alloy components. New processes and methods are constantly emerging and applied to solve the long-term bottlenecks that restrict the rapid development of magnesium alloy extrusion forming technology. It provides scientific guidance and technical reserves for accelerating the development of magnesium and its alloys' deep processing technology, and expands the application range of high value-added magnesium alloy products.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
L. Y. Zhao, H. Yan, R. S. Chen, En-Hou Han
Summary: The grain growth process in magnesium alloys, specifically in the Mg-Zn-Gd alloy, shows gradual growth with increasing annealing time, closely associated with texture changes.
JOURNAL OF MAGNESIUM AND ALLOYS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xixi Qi, Yangxin Li, Xiaoqin Zeng
Summary: This study investigates the impact of activating and accumulating prismatic < a > dislocations on the ductility of a Mg-7.37Gd-3.1Y-0.27Zr (GW83K) alloy at sub-zero temperatures. It is observed that prismatic < a > dislocations are more easily activated at lower temperatures due to a decrease in the ratio of CRSS prismatic < a > to CRSS basal < a > in this alloy. Increasing the proportion of prismatic < a > dislocations has limited effect on improving the early-stage deformation ductility of GW83K alloy at sub-zero temperatures, as the prismatic < a > dislocations cannot accommodate c-axis deformation. However, the accumulation of prismatic < a > dislocations leads to the formation of low-angle grain boundaries rotating along the [0001] axis, resulting in improved ductility in the late-stage deformation of GW83K alloy. This finding offers a new perspective on the contribution of prismatic < a > dislocations to ductility in Mg alloys.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Dierk Raabe, Dirk Ponge, Peter J. Uggowitzer, Moritz Roscher, Mario Paolantonio, Chuanlai Liu, Helmut Antrekowitsch, Ernst Kozeschnik, David Seidmann, Baptiste Gault, Frederic De Geuser, Alexis Deschamps, Christopher Hutchinson, Chunhui Liu, Zhiming Li, Philip Prangnell, Joseph Robson, Pratheek Shanthraj, Samad Vakili, Chad Sinclair, Laure Bourgeois, Stefan Pogatscher
Summary: Aluminum has both positive and negative impacts on sustainability. Recycling aluminum can improve sustainability, while extracting it from ores is energy-intensive. The amount of recyclable aluminum is expected to double by 2050, offering an opportunity for a circular economy. However, the presence of elemental contamination in post-consumer scrap poses challenges for alloy design.
PROGRESS IN MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Bernhard Trink, Irmgard Weifssensteiner, Peter J. Uggowitzer, Katharina Strobel, Stefan Pogatscher
Summary: This study investigates the effect of a high volume fraction of Fe-rich intermetallic phases on microstructure evolution and mechanical properties in a cold rolled Al-Mg-Si wrought alloy. The results show that the alloy with almost 10 vol-% Fe-rich intermetallic phase exhibits an unusually attractive combination of strength and ductility, in addition to a substantially increased strain hardening typical of hetero-structured materials, and can facilitate a higher usage of scrap input.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Phillip Dumitraschkewitz, Matheus A. Tunes, Cameron R. Quick, Diego Santa Rosa Coradini, Thomas M. Kremmer, Parthiban Ramasamy, Peter J. Uggowitzer, Stefan Pogatscher
Summary: The solidification behavior of a eutectic AlCu specimen is investigated using in situ scanning transmission electron microscope experiments. By varying the cooling conditions, different rapid solidification morphologies are obtained. Additionally, the spheroidization of lamellas during annealing at elevated temperatures is studied.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Nikolaus P. Papenberg, Aurel Arnoldt, Bernhard Trink, Peter J. Uggowitzer, Stefan Pogatscher
Summary: This study investigates the forging process of a heat-treatable magnesium alloy AXMZ1000 for a piston rod. The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of two different stock materials, cast and extruded, are compared and analyzed. The results show that comparable microstructures are obtained with both starting materials, and the mechanical properties achieved with extruded feedstock are slightly better.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nikolaus Papenberg, Thomas Hatzenbichler, Florian Grabner, Peter J. Uggowitzer, Stefan Pogatscher
Summary: Weight reduction is significant in transportation industries as it affects fuel consumption and vehicle range. Different materials are commonly used to take advantage of specific properties, with aluminum alloys used in both cast and wrought states. However, magnesium alloys, which are lighter, are only used in castings. Despite progress in scientific research on magnesium wrought alloys, their industrial implementation is limited, resulting in a lack of safety and structural applications. To promote industrial application and acceptance of these materials, the forging process of an automotive control arm was investigated. By using an age-hardenable Mg-Al-Ca-Zn-Mn lean alloy, which can be processed similarly to AL alloys, the study provides information on forming characteristics and challenges.
SN APPLIED SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Kan Ma, Brigitte Decamps, Liangzhao Huang, Robin E. Schaublin, Jorg F. Loffler, Anna Fraczkiewicz, Maylise Nastar, Frederic Prima, Marie Loyer-Prost
Summary: Micro-alloying significantly affects the incubation period of void swelling in face-centered cubic materials. The mechanism relating to the formation of dislocation loops is still unclear. This study uses pure Ni, Ni-0.4wt.%Cr, and Ni-0.4/0.8/1.2wt.%Ti as model materials to investigate the solute effects on loop evolution during early-stage irradiation. Experimental techniques including in-situ transmission electron microscopy and ex-situ irradiation are employed to study the characteristics of dislocation loops. The results show that a small amount of Ti increases loop density, while reducing loop mobility and stacking fault energy. It also stabilizes self-interstitial loops depending on Ti content and temperature.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Milad Roostaei, Peter J. Uggowitzer, Reinhard Pippan, Oliver Renk
Summary: The attractive properties of Mg-bcc nanocomposites have gained increasing interest, but bulk fabrication has been unsuccessful due to strain localization within the Mg-phase. Through high-pressure torsion, the deformation behavior and resulting microstructures of Mg-Fe composites were analyzed at different applied strains and processing temperatures. Surprisingly, processing at 73% of Mg's melting point accelerated microstructural refinement and improved homogeneity, leading to a three-fold increase in hardness compared to ambient processing. This suggests that further optimization could potentially create Mg-based materials with strength beyond a gigapascal.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Sebastian Samberger, Irmgard Weissensteiner, Lukas Stemper, Christina Kainz, Peter J. Uggowitzer, Stefan Pogatscher
Summary: This study presents age-hardenable, fine-grained AlMgZnCu crossover alloys intended for superplastic and quick plastic forming processes. These alloys utilize T-phase (Mg32(Al,Zn)49) to refine the grain structure and increase age-hardening. The study demonstrates the importance of particle stimulated nucleation (PSN) using T-phase particles, which leads to a fine grain size as low as 4 μm. The resulting alloys have excellent high-temperature forming properties and high stability.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Bernhard Trink, Irmgard Weissensteiner, Peter J. Uggowitzer, Katharina Strobel, Anna Hofer-Roblyek, Stefan Pogatscher
Summary: This study introduces new alloys that combine the age-hardening capability of Al-Mg-Si alloys with the microstructure-controlling effect on processing of primary Fe-rich intermetallic phases used in foil stock. Processing and microstructure-property relations in new crossover aluminum alloys derived from 6xxx and 8xxx foil stock alloys are shown. The study demonstrates the attractive combinations of strength and ductility achieved in these new alloys.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
William A. Lackington, Romy Wiestner, Elena Pradervand, Peter Schweizer, Flavia Zuber, Qun Ren, Mihai Stoica, Joerg F. Loeffler, Markus Rottmar
Summary: This study examines the influence of surface chemistry of palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), and titanium (Ti)-based bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) on their response to biological systems. The chemical composition of BMGs significantly affects their physical and chemical properties, with Pd-based BMGs showing exceptional glass-forming ability and all BMGs having a lower Young's modulus than Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64). The surface chemistry of BMGs remains stable and supports blood biocompatibility, and they outperform Ti64 in promoting mineralization of human bone progenitor cells and exerting antimicrobial properties against Staphylococcus aureus, indicating their potential as biomaterials for musculoskeletal applications.
ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
R. K. Singh Raman, Cuie Wen, Joerg F. Loeffler
Summary: Magnesium, zinc, or iron alloys without toxic elements are attractive as construction materials for biodegradable implants. The synergistic effects of mechanical stress and corrosive human body fluid can lead to sudden and catastrophic fractures of bioimplants, such as stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue. However, there has been limited investigation into SCC and CF of zinc-based implants. This article provides an overview of the challenges, research needs, and future directions in understanding SCC and CF of zinc alloys in human body fluid.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Diego S. R. Coradini, Matheus A. Tunes, Patrick Willenshofer, Sebastian Samberger, Thomas Kremmer, Phillip Dumitraschkewitz, Peter J. Uggowitzer, Stefan Pogatscher
Summary: The present study demonstrates a methodology for in situ investigation of nanoalloying using metallic nanomaterials as reactants within a transmission electron microscope. The method can be used as a starting point for studying nanometallurgy and subsequent alloying of materials. The results showed that both Au and Cu nanomaterials could alloy with Al when melted in the transmission electron microscope. Overall, these results suggest that transmission electron microscope-based in situ melting and alloying is a valuable technique for studying the metallurgical processing of nanomaterials.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Philip Aster, Phillip Dumitraschkewitz, Peter J. Uggowitzer, Florian Schmid, Georg Falkinger, Katharina Strobel, Peter Kutlesa, Michael Tkadletz, Stefan Pogatscher
Summary: This study investigated the formation of solute clusters and their contribution to strain hardening in aluminum alloys by using APT and tensile testing. The results showed that clusters could form during plastic deformation, which was referred to as strain-induced clustering.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Alexander Firlus, Mihai Stoica, Gavin B. M. Vaughan, Robin E. Schaeublin, Joerg F. Loeffler
Summary: Fe-based bulk metallic glasses exhibit an anomalously low coefficient of thermal expansion known as the Invar effect. This effect is influenced by rare earth elements but the extent of influence from other elements is unclear.
MATERIALS TODAY NANO
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sandy Sanchez, Stefania Cacovich, Guillaume Vidon, Jean-Francois Guillemoles, Felix Eickemeyer, Shaik M. Zakeeruddin, Jurgen E. K. Schawe, Jorg F. Loffler, Cyril Cayron, Pascal Schouwink, Michael Graetzel
Summary: We employed flash infrared annealing to investigate the phase transition of formamidinium lead triiodide thin films for solar cell applications. By optimizing the film crystallization processing parameters, we achieved highly stable black perovskite solar cells with a high power conversion efficiency.
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
(2022)
