Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Deepa Gautam, Ulhas P. Naik, Meghna U. Naik, Santosh K. Yadav, Rameshwar Nath Chaurasia, Debabrata Dash
Summary: This paper explores the role of platelets in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, as well as the critical role of glutamate receptors in the pathophysiology of these diseases. By reviewing data from clinical trials, animal models, and cellular studies, it reveals the involvement of glutamate receptor dysfunction in neurodegenerative processes and provides an overview of current treatments, including glutamate receptor antagonists, for AD and PD.
Article
Immunology
Ya-Nan Zhang, Jing-Kai Fan, Li Gu, Hui-Min Yang, Shu-Qin Zhan, Hong Zhang
Summary: The research demonstrated that mGluR5 inhibits alpha-synuclein-induced microglia inflammation to protect against neurotoxicity, while alpha-synuclein promotes the degradation of mGluR5 through lysosomal pathway to accelerate neuroinflammation. This novel mechanism may serve as a potential therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Naomi Hannaway, Angeliki Zarkali, Louise-Ann Leyland, Fion Bremner, Jennifer M. Nicholas, Siegfried K. Wagner, Matthew Roig, Pearse A. Keane, Ahmed Toosy, Jeremy Chataway, Rimona Sharon Weil
Summary: Visual dysfunction in Parkinson's disease predicts dementia and poor outcomes, while retinal thickness has less predictive power. This suggests that cortical structures play a role in the progression of Parkinson's dementia, and visual tests may be useful for stratification in clinical trials.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Alshaima'a M. Qunies, Kyle A. Emmitte
Summary: Group II metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors are promising targets for novel CNS therapeutics. This review summarizes patent applications for small molecule negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) targeting mGlu receptors between January 2015 and November 2020. Progress has been made in the discovery of new mGlu(2) NAMs, while mGlu(3) NAMs are more limited but show promise.
EXPERT OPINION ON THERAPEUTIC PATENTS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Michal Lubomski, Ryan L. Davis, Carolyn M. Sue
Summary: Cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease patients is more common than in their caregivers. Caregivers with cognitive impairment have lower quality of life, which also affects the quality of life and mood of the respective PD patients.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hui-Min Yang, Yun-Zhong Cheng, Tian-Zhong Hou, Jing-Kai Fan, Li Gu, Jian-Nan Zhang, Hong Zhang
Summary: By analyzing data from various sources, researchers found a negative correlation between a-synuclein and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) and ?-synuclein, suggesting a potential role of a-synuclein in liver cancer progression regulation. Upregulated a-synuclein was found to suppress the growth, migration, and invasion of hepatoma cells through its interaction with mGluR5 and ?-synuclein, leading to their degradation via the autophagy-lysosomal pathway. In vivo experiments further confirmed the inhibitory effect of upregulated a-synuclein on tumorigenesis in liver cancer tissues. These findings provide insights into the connection between Parkinson's disease and liver cancer and offer a new therapeutic strategy for liver cancer treatment.
ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Osama Khojah, Seraj Makkawi, Saeed Alghamdi
Summary: This study aimed to systematically review reported cases of anti-mGluR1 encephalitis and summarize their clinical presentation, management, outcomes, and case reports. The study found that anti-mGluR1 encephalitis manifests as symptoms of cerebellar pathology, and early diagnosis with prompt initiation of immunotherapy is crucial for patient recovery.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christina A. Gates, Donald S. Backos, Philip Reigan, Nicholas R. Natale
Summary: Isoxazolo[3,4-d] pyridazinones ([3,4-d]s) were found to selectively positively modulate metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) Subtypes 2 and 4, with no cross-reactivity at mGluR1a, mGluR5, or mGluR8. Additional analogs were prepared to increase binding affinity, resulting in successful selective lateral metalation and electrophilic quenching at the C3 position.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yaqin Yu, Weihong Yan, Xin Xu, Kaili Zhang, Lihong Si, Xiaolei Liu, Jinyu Wang, Junling Song, Huanxin Sun, Xinyi Li
Summary: Reflexive saccadic performance is abnormal in Parkinson's disease (PD) and worsens with cognitive decline. There is a negative correlation between prolonged latency and MMSE scores, which may make reflexive saccades a potential predictor for cognitive decline in PD.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Falko Lange, Julia Hoernschemeyer, Timo Kirschstein
Summary: The progression of glioblastomas and tumor-associated epilepsy is closely linked through various pathophysiological mechanisms involving the neurotransmitter glutamate. Current research focuses on the role of glutamate receptors in these diseases and discusses future interventions to interfere with the glutamatergic network.
Article
Cell Biology
M. Crespo, D. A. Leon-Navarro, M. Martin
Summary: Febrile seizures in children can lead to epilepsy in adults, with glutamate playing a key role in the development of neurological disorders. In the short term after seizures, GLT-1 levels increase and glutamate concentration decreases, while mGlu(5)R levels remain unchanged. However, in the long term, an increase in mGlu(5)R levels and decreases in GLT-1 and glutamate levels are observed, associated with the development of an anxious phenotype and potentially increased vulnerability to epileptic events in adults.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Psychiatry
Magdalena Orzylowski, Esther Fujiwara, Darrell D. Mousseau, Glen B. Baker
Summary: Dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, is characterized by progressive cognitive deterioration with profound memory loss. D-serine plays a crucial role in the activation of NMDAR and regulation of learning and memory, making it important for both normal aging and dementia.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Sungyang Jo, Kye Won Park, Yun Su Hwang, Seung Hyun Lee, Ho-Sung Ryu, Sun Ju Chung
Summary: The study explored genetic variants associated with dementia in Parkinson's disease and identified SNCA, MUL1, ZHX2, and ERP29 as significantly associated genes. This suggests the essential role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the development of dementia in PD patients.
Article
Neurosciences
Wilber Romero-Fernandez, Jaume J. Taura, Rene A. J. Crans, Marc Lopez-Cano, Ramon Fores-Pons, Manuel Narvaez, Jens Carlsson, Francisco Ciruela, Kjell Fuxe, Dasiel O. Borroto-Escuela
Summary: The study demonstrates the role of A(2A)R in modulating the D2R-mGluR(5) heteromeric component, showing that A(2A)R and mGluR(5) can interact to influence D2R signaling, indicating integrative activity within higher-order heteroreceptor complexes.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
David Ramos-Vicente, Seth G. N. Grant, Alex Bayes
Summary: Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in both vertebrate and invertebrate nervous systems. The evolution of glutamate receptors is more complex than anticipated, with recent research proposing a new classification system for ionotropic glutamate receptors. Additionally, the evolution of animal metabotropic glutamate receptors has resulted in the formation of four classes instead of three previously recognized.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Amine Bahi
Summary: Gestational environmental enrichment (EE) has protective effects on social stress-induced anxiety-like behaviors and excessive ethanol consumption through increasing BDNF levels.
PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Sarabesh Natarajan, Grant Abass, Lucas Kim, Corinne Wells, Amir H. Rezvani, Edward D. Levin
Summary: Multiple neural systems, including dopamine D1 receptors and glutamate NMDA receptors, are involved in nicotine reinforcement. Acute blockade of D1 receptors decreases nicotine self-administration, while acute blockade of NMDA receptors increases it. Chronic blockade of NMDA receptors decreases nicotine self-administration. Memantine attenuates the decrease in nicotine self-administration caused by chronic D1 antagonist SCH-23390.
PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
David R. Maguire
Summary: The study found that Lorcaserin alone reduces ventilation and enhances the ventilatory-depressant effects of opioids. This suggests that combining a 5-HT2C receptor agonist with opioids may increase the risk of ventilatory depression without reducing abuse.
PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Fen Liu, Qing Tian, Hui-Ling Tang, Xiang Cheng, Wei Zou, Ping Zhang
Summary: This study demonstrates the attenuating effect of H2S on PD-associated depression by improving hippocampal synaptic plasticity.
PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Mehrsa Rahimi-Danesh, Mohammad-Ali Samizadeh, Amir-Ehsan Sajadi, Tara Rezvankhah, Salar Vaseghi
Summary: This study investigated the effects of lithium on freezing behavior and pain perception in a fear-conditioning model in rats. The results showed that lithium had no effect on freezing behavior and pain subthreshold in all rats. Extinction training decreased freezing behavior, with more efficacy in females. Gender differences were also observed in the effects of extinction training.
PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR
(2024)