Review
Behavioral Sciences
Kuikui Zhou, Lin Zhu, Guoqiang Hou, Xueyu Chen, Bo Chen, Chuanzhong Yang, Yingjie Zhu
Summary: The brain continuously processes diverse external information and changes in homeostasis. The thalamus is involved in salience processing, determining attention-capturing stimuli and regulating emotions and behaviors. Studies focus on the roles of distinct thalamic nuclei in salience processing and their connections to reward and pain processing, arousal, and attention control.
FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Mathilde C. C. Guillaumin, Denis Burdakov
Summary: Most studies of neural circuit connectivity focus on millisecond-scale interactions mediated by classical fast transmitters, while overlooking the slow-acting peptide transmitters in the brain. Neuropeptides can efficiently implement sustained neural circuit connectivity and have unique advantages for efficient neuronal processing and feedback control of consciousness. The sustained actions of neuropeptides on neuronal membrane potential may enable core brain functions and the creation of lasting permissive signals for context-dependent information routing and plasticity.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Suchanya Sithirungson, Nuntigar Sonsuwan, Siriporn C. Chattipakorn, Nipon Chattipakorn, Krekwit Shinlapawittayatorn
Summary: Obstructive sleep apnea is a common breathing disorder during sleep, causing sleep fragmentation and excessive daytime sleepiness. Orexin, an important neurotransmitter, plays a role in sleep and arousal regulation. This review summarizes current evidence on the association between orexin and obstructive sleep apnea, including in vitro, in vivo, and clinical data. The effects of orexin on sleep apnea and the impact of obstructive sleep apnea on the orexin system function are discussed, along with contradictory findings.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Dehui Zhang, David A. Perrey, Ann M. Decker, Tiffany L. Langston, Vijayakumar Mavanji, Danni L. Harris, Catherine M. Kotz, Yanan Zhang
Summary: The study identified a promising dual small molecule agonist that can increase wakefulness and alleviate narcolepsy symptoms, with positive effects demonstrated in experiments on elderly mice, supporting the development of orexin agonists as potential treatments for orexin-deficient disorders in the future.
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Qiuting Zeng, Weiran Shan, Hui Zhang, Jianjun Yang, Zhiyi Zuo
Summary: The study revealed that mice exhibit consolation behavior towards sick individuals, which helps alleviate anxiety in the sick. Activation of specific brain regions, particularly those involved in orexin signaling, plays a critical role in this behavior.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fatemeh Samani, Masoumeh Kourosh Arami
Summary: This study investigated the effect of orexin on morphine-induced analgesia and found that pre-treatment with orexin enhanced the analgesic effects of morphine. These findings provide new evidence for the role of orexin in analgesia in the brain.
PROTEIN AND PEPTIDE LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Nowrin Ahmed, Drew B. Headley, Denis Pare
Summary: The central medial (CMT) and paraventricular (PVT) thalamic nuclei project strongly to the basolateral amygdala (BL) and mainly contact principal BL neurons, exerting an excitatory influence. Limited feedforward inhibition counters their effects on principal cells, while indirect recruitment of interneurons via activation of principal cells generates feedback inhibition.
JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Qiao Deng, Shao-Qi Zhang, Ping-Fen Yang, Wan-Ting Dong, Jia-Lin Wang, Jian-Guo Chen, Fang Wang, Li-Hong Long
Summary: Our study found that melanocortin signaling can enhance excitatory synaptic transmission in the nucleus accumbens shell, and this enhancement comes from paraventricular thalamus glutamatergic neurons. Moreover, this signaling is mediated by melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R). These results reveal that melanocortin signaling promotes stress susceptibility by strengthening excitatory neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens shell.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Matthew C. Hartmann, Kristen E. Pleil
Summary: The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) serves as a crucial circuit node in regulating behaviors across affect, motivation, stress responses, and drug-and alcohol-related behaviors. Through its connections with various brain regions, the PVT integrates and conveys information about salience and valence, influencing a diverse array of behaviors. While understudied, recent research suggests that PVT efferents play complex roles in drug and alcohol-related phenotypes.
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Robert P. Vertes, Stephanie B. Linley, Amanda K. P. Rojas
Summary: The midline and intralaminar nuclei of the thalamus play vital roles in various affective, cognitive, and executive behaviors. They are anatomically and functionally distinct, but together form an important brain circuitry.
FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Psychology, Clinical
Lisa M. Savage, Polliana T. Nunes, Zachary H. Gursky, Katrina A. Milbocker, Anna Y. Klintsova
Summary: The thalamus, a crucial part of the diencephalon, is a symmetrical and bilateral central brain structure divided into three major groups of nuclei based on function. It plays a significant role in cognitive function and is sensitive to alcohol-related brain damage.
NEUROPSYCHOLOGY REVIEW
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
William T. Schneider, Szilvia Vas, Alister U. Nicol, A. Jennifer Morton
Summary: Research showed that in sheep with HD, transitions into wake were more sudden and accompanied by less reduction in slow wave power compared to normal sheep, indicating impaired readiness for waking. These abnormal dynamics of sleep transitions may potentially serve as an early biomarker for HD and could be applied to studying transition dynamics in other sleep disorders as well.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Tatiana D. Viena, Robert P. Vertes, Stephanie B. Linley
Summary: The nucleus reuniens (RE) is strongly connected with the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex, playing a critical role in affective and cognitive functioning. Studies on behaving rats showed heterogeneity in discharge properties of RE neurons across sleep-wake states, with most cells exhibiting state-related changes and classified into distinct cell types. The diverse set of RE neurons are likely modulated by key brainstem and hypothalamic nuclei, influencing waking and REM sleep activities in cortical targets.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Guoqiang Hou, Shaolei Jiang, Gaowei Chen, Xiaofei Deng, Fengling Li, Hua Xu, Bo Chen, Yingjie Zhu
Summary: The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) plays a role in drug addiction-related behaviors, and morphine is a commonly used opioid for pain relief. Activation of opioid receptors in the PVT suppresses neuronal firing and inhibitory synaptic transmission. However, chronic morphine exposure leads to reduced opioid modulation, possibly due to desensitization and internalization of opioid receptors in the PVT. Overall, the opioid system is crucial for regulating PVT activities.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Archana Venkataraman, Brian George Dias
Summary: Appropriate expression of fear is crucial for survival, but sustained expression of fear without threats is a characteristic of trauma and anxiety disorders. The amygdala, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex are important brain regions involved in fear inhibition. This review explores the role of thalamic and subthalamic nuclei in fear-related learning and expression, suggesting a broader neurobiological framework.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Huiying Wang, Sa Li, Gilbert J. Kirouac
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Gilbert J. Kirouac
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2015)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xinwen Dong, Yonghui Li, Gilbert J. Kirouac
FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2015)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Karen Barnabas, Lin Zhang, Huiying Wang, Gilbert Kirouac, Maria Vrontakis
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Xiaoyu Chen, Huiying Wang, Zhang Lin, Sa Li, Yonghui Li, Hugo T. Bergen, Maria E. Vrontakis, Gilbert J. Kirouac
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2014)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Xiaoyu Chen, Sa Li, Gilbert J. Kirouac
PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR
(2014)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Sa Li, Yuxiu Shi, Gilbert J. Kirouac
FRONTIERS IN NEUROANATOMY
(2014)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
David T. Hsu, Gilbert J. Kirouac, Jon-Kar Zubieta, Seema Bhatnagar
FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2014)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Yonghui Li, Xinwen Dong, Sa Li, Gilbert J. Kirouac
FRONTIERS IN BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2014)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Samantha J. Carew, Bandhan Mukherjee, Iain T. K. MacIntyre, Abhinaba Ghosh, Sa Li, Gilbert J. Kirouac, Carolyn W. Harley, Qi Yuan
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2018)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Sa Li, Xinwen Dong, Gilbert J. Kirouac
Summary: Neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) respond to emotionally salient events and project densely to subcortical regions known to mediate adaptive behavioral responses, with recent tracing experiments revealing two intermixed populations of neurons that project to different subcortical regions. These neurons provide collateral innervation to a common set of forebrain regions, suggesting a potential broad regulatory role in influencing responses to physiological and psychological challenges.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2021)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Gilbert J. Kirouac, Sa Li, Shuanghong Li
Summary: The study suggests that the lateral parabrachial nucleus (LPB) serves as a relay for signals to the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT), which is involved in regulating behavior. The LPB contains more PVT projecting neurons than other regions of the brainstem. The paper also discusses the anatomical evidence indicating that the PVT is part of a network of interconnected neurons involved in arousal, homeostasis, and the regulation of behavioral states.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Xinwen Dong, Sa Li, Gilbert J. Kirouac
NEUROBIOLOGY OF STRESS
(2020)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Xinwen Dong, Sa Li, Gilbert J. Kirouac
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2017)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Huiying Wang, Sa Li, Gilbert J. Kirouac
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2017)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Amine Bahi
Summary: Gestational environmental enrichment (EE) has protective effects on social stress-induced anxiety-like behaviors and excessive ethanol consumption through increasing BDNF levels.
PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Sarabesh Natarajan, Grant Abass, Lucas Kim, Corinne Wells, Amir H. Rezvani, Edward D. Levin
Summary: Multiple neural systems, including dopamine D1 receptors and glutamate NMDA receptors, are involved in nicotine reinforcement. Acute blockade of D1 receptors decreases nicotine self-administration, while acute blockade of NMDA receptors increases it. Chronic blockade of NMDA receptors decreases nicotine self-administration. Memantine attenuates the decrease in nicotine self-administration caused by chronic D1 antagonist SCH-23390.
PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
David R. Maguire
Summary: The study found that Lorcaserin alone reduces ventilation and enhances the ventilatory-depressant effects of opioids. This suggests that combining a 5-HT2C receptor agonist with opioids may increase the risk of ventilatory depression without reducing abuse.
PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Fen Liu, Qing Tian, Hui-Ling Tang, Xiang Cheng, Wei Zou, Ping Zhang
Summary: This study demonstrates the attenuating effect of H2S on PD-associated depression by improving hippocampal synaptic plasticity.
PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Mehrsa Rahimi-Danesh, Mohammad-Ali Samizadeh, Amir-Ehsan Sajadi, Tara Rezvankhah, Salar Vaseghi
Summary: This study investigated the effects of lithium on freezing behavior and pain perception in a fear-conditioning model in rats. The results showed that lithium had no effect on freezing behavior and pain subthreshold in all rats. Extinction training decreased freezing behavior, with more efficacy in females. Gender differences were also observed in the effects of extinction training.
PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR
(2024)