Protective effect of Z-ligustilide against amyloid β-induced neurotoxicity is associated with decreased pro-inflammatory markers in rat brains

Neuroinflammatory responses induced by accumulation and aggregation of beta-amyloid (A beta) peptide are mainly involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Z-ligustilide (LIG), a novel neuroprotectant against ischemic stroke, was reported to have significant anti-inflammatory effects via inhibition of TNF-alpha production and bioactivity. The present study investigated the effect of LIG on AD-like cognitive impairment and neuropathological and neuroinflammatory changes induced by bilateral intracerebroventricular injections of A beta(25-35) at a dose of 50 nmol/rat. Rats received oral administration of 40 mg/kg LIG or volume-matched vehicle I h before A beta(25-35) treatment then once daily for 15 days. Morris water maze was used to detect the cognitive dysfunction induced by A beta(25-35) Compared to the sham-operated rats, A beta(25-35) injection significantly prolonged the mean escape latency in vehicle-treated rats in the Morris water maze test (p<0.01) and increased both AD-related neuropathological signs (i.e., A beta, amyloid precursor protein, and phosphorylated Tau immunoreactivity) and pro-inflammatory mediators (i.e., TNF-alpha and activated NF-kappa B) in the prefrontal cortex and CA1 subregion of the hippocampus. And these neurotoxic effects of A beta(25-35) were significantly ameliorated with LIG treatment (p<0.01 vs. vehicle-treated group). The present data suggest that LIG modulates TNF-alpha-activated NF-kappa B signaling pathway with respect to its protective effect against A beta(25-35)-induced neurotoxicity. LIG would be a potential candidate for further preclinical study aimed at the prevention and treatment of cognitive deficits in AD. (c) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.