Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Raaj S. Mehta, Bharati Kochar, Zhen Zhou, Jonathan C. Broder, Paget Chung, Keming Yang, Jessica Lockery, Michelle Fravel, Joanne Ryan, Suzanne Mahady, Suzanne G. Orchard, John J. Mcneil, Anne Murray, Robyn L. Woods, Michael E. Ernst, Andrew T. Chan
Summary: This study investigated the associations of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) and histamine-2 receptor antagonist (H2RA) use with dementia and cognitive decline. The study found that long-term use of PPI and H2RA was not associated with incident dementia, cognitive impairment without dementia (CIND), or decline in cognition over time.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Tanja Tran, Deborah Assayag, Pierre Ernst, Samy Suissa
Summary: This study found no association between the use of PPIs and all-cause mortality or respiratory-related hospitalization in patients with IPF, suggesting that PPIs may not be as beneficial in treating IPF as some studies have suggested.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Antonios Douros, Frederike Basedow, Ying Cui, Jenny Dimakos, Jochen Walker, Dirk Enders, Vicky Tagalakis
Summary: Among octogenarians with venous thromboembolism, DOACs showed comparable effectiveness and safety compared to VKAs in preventing recurrent venous thromboembolism, major bleeding, and all-cause mortality. These results support the use of DOACs in this high-risk group.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mats Dehlin, Tatiana Zverkova Sandstroem, Lennart T. H. Jacobsson
Summary: This study evaluated the overall mortality and causes of death in patients with gout. It found that gout patients have an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, renal diseases, and digestive system diseases, but a decreased risk of dementia, cancer, and lung diseases. This highlights the importance of addressing cardiovascular disease risk factors in gout management.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Xuechun Li, Maarten J. Bijlsma, Jens H. J. Bos, Catharina C. M. Schuiling-Veninga, Eelko Hak
Summary: This study aimed to determine the long-term effectiveness of antihypertensive monotherapies in primary prevention of cardiovascular events. The findings showed that patients starting on thiazide monotherapy had a lower incidence of acute cardiac drug therapy compared to those starting on beta-blockers. On the other hand, patients who began calcium channel blocker monotherapy had a higher incidence of acute cardiac drug therapy.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Ching-Lung Cheung, Chor-Wing Sing, Wallis C. Y. Lau, Gloria H. Y. Li, Gregory Y. H. Lip, Kathryn C. B. Tan, Bernard M. Y. Cheung, Esther W. Y. Chan, Ian C. K. Wong
Summary: The study found that among adults with AF receiving OACs, the use of dabigatran was associated with the lowest risk of diabetes compared to warfarin use, while the risk of diabetes with apixaban and rivaroxaban use was not statistically significant.
CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Rheumatology
Simon Parreau, Stephanie Dumonteil, Francisco Macian Montoro, Guillaume Gondran, Holy Bezanahary, Sylvain Palat, Kim-Heang Ly, Anne-Laure Fauchais, Eric Liozon
Summary: The study showed that GCA-related stroke patients had more comorbid conditions and aortitis on imaging, but less headache and scalp tenderness. Factors independently associated with GCA-related stroke included absence of anterior circulation involvement, external carotid ultrasound abnormalities, and elevated C-reactive protein levels. Early survival of GCA-related stroke patients was significantly lower compared to control stroke patients and GCA patients without stroke.
SEMINARS IN ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jonathan N. Tobin, Suzanne Hower, Brianna M. D'Orazio, Maria Pardos de la Gandara, Teresa H. Evering, Chamanara Khalida, Jessica Ramachandran, Leidy Johana Gonzalez, Rhonda G. Kost, Kimberly S. Vasquez, Herminia de Lencastre, Alexander Tomasz, Barry S. Coller, Roger Vaughan
Summary: The study examined the effectiveness of a community-based intervention for treating SSTIs caused by MRSA or MSSA, but found no significant differences in recurrence rates or household contamination/transmission between the experimental and control groups. This intervention did not reduce clinician-reported SSTI recurrence and future studies may consider longer or more intensive treatment regimens delivered by promotoras.
Article
Psychiatry
Markku Lahteenvuo, Heidi Taipale, Antti Tanskanen, Ellenor Mittendorfer-Rutz, Jari Tiihonen
Summary: This study found that the use of antipsychotic medications can reduce the risk of hospitalization due to psychosis and work disability in patients with delusional disorder, with clozapine and long-acting injectable medications being associated with the lowest risk.
SCHIZOPHRENIA RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Alan M. Rathbun, Michelle D. Shardell, Joseph J. Gallo, Alice S. Ryan, Elizabeth A. Stuart, Megan S. Schuler, Yu Dong, Brock Beamer, Rhea Mehta, Jason E. Peer, Marc C. Hochberg
Summary: Knee osteoarthritis patients with persistent depressive symptoms and chronic pain may derive more benefits from oral analgesic treatment than those without depressive symptoms and less pain.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Michael Simonov, Erica A. Abel, Melissa Skanderson, Amir Masoud, Ronald G. Hauser, Cynthia A. Brandt, Francis P. Wilson, Loren Laine
Summary: In a large cohort study of veterans, PPI use was found to be associated with a dose-dependent increase in risk of kidney stones. H2RA use also had an association with risk of kidney stones, suggesting that acid suppression might be an involved mechanism. However, the effect size was small and should not alter prescribing practices for most patients.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Anton Pottegard, Lars Christian Lund, Daniel Pilsgaard Henriksen, Lars Folkestad, Maja Hellfritzsch, Jesper Hallas, Kasper Bruun Kristensen
Summary: The study did not find an increased risk of splanchnic vein thrombosis associated with the use of DPP-4 inhibitors based on a population-based new-user cohort study.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Aileen M. Gariepy, Carrie Lewis, Diana Zuckerman, Daniel J. Tancredi, Eryn Murphy, Raegan McDonald-Mosley, Sarita Sonalkar, Mark Hathaway, Claudia Nunez-Eddy, Eleanor Bimla Schwarz
Summary: This study compared the real-world effectiveness of hysteroscopic sterilization to laparoscopic sterilization. The findings showed that both procedures had higher poststerilization pregnancy rates than expected. However, the effectiveness of hysteroscopic sterilization was not inferior to laparoscopic sterilization.
FERTILITY AND STERILITY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yunha Noh, Seung-Ah Choe, Woo Jung Kim, Ju-Young Shin
Summary: This study found high rates of antidepressant discontinuation and re-initiation during pregnancy, especially in the first trimester. Women receiving medical aid were more likely to re-initiate antidepressants, while those with severe symptoms were more likely to do so.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Rehabilitation
Christine Fekete, Beat Gurtner, Simon Kunz, Armin Gemperli, Hans-Peter Gmunder, Margret Hund-Georgiadis, Xavier Jordan, Martin Schubert, Jivko Stoyanov, Gerold Stucki
Summary: This study provides a methodological reference for the Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Cohort Study and details participant characteristics, response rates, and non-response bias. The findings suggest that males and younger individuals are more likely to sustain severe spinal cord injuries leading to longer rehabilitation time, while females, older individuals, those with lower functional independence, and non-traumatic spinal cord injury patients are less likely to participate in the study.
JOURNAL OF REHABILITATION MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
David Merola, Ulka Campbell, Nileesa Gautam, Alexa Rubens, Sebastian Schneeweiss, Shirley V. V. Wang, Gillis Carrigan, Victoria Chia, Osayi E. E. Ovbiosa, Simone Pinheiro, Amanda Bruno, Xiaolong Jiao, Mark Stewart, Rachele Hendricks-Sturrup, Carla Rodriguez-Watson, Sajan Khosla, Yiduo Zhang, Mothaffar Rimawi, Jenny Huang, Aliki Taylor, Lauren Becnel, Lynn McRoy, Joy Eckert, Benjamin Taylor
Summary: Legislative and technological advancements have led to an increase in healthcare data known as real-world data (RWD). This data has the potential to support clinical and regulatory decision making. In oncology, RWD studies offer advantages over randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and can address research challenges. However, concerns about bias and confounding must be carefully addressed when using RWD for clinical evidence generation.
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Richard Wyss, Joseph M. M. Plasek, Li Zhou, Lily G. G. Bessette, Sebastian Schneeweiss, Jeremy A. A. Rassen, Theodore Tsacogianis, Kueiyu Joshua Lin
Summary: Natural language processing (NLP) tools are applied to convert free-text notes (FTNs) from electronic health records (EHRs) into data features that can enhance confounding adjustment in pharmacoepidemiologic studies. In this study, unsupervised NLP was utilized to generate high-dimensional feature spaces from FTNs, improving drug exposure and outcome prediction compared to claims-based analyses. These findings have important implications for improving confounding adjustment in pharmacoepidemiologic studies using EHR data.
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Nicolas H. Thurin, Jeremy Jove, Regis Lassalle, Magali Rouyer, Stephanie Lamarque, Pauline Bosco-Levy, Corentin Segalas, Sebastian Schneeweiss, Patrick Blin, Cecile Droz-Perroteau
Summary: This study examines how specific medical procedures may affect treatment effect estimation in propensity score-adjusted comparative studies and proposes a solution. The analysis shows that excluding the immediate pre-exposure time can reduce the risk of including potential instrumental variables and bias in the study.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vijay R. R. Varma, Rishi J. J. Desai, Sheeja Navakkode, Lik-Wei Wong, Carlos Anerillas, Tina Loeffler, Irene Schilcher, Mufaddal Mahesri, Kristyn Chin, Daniel B. B. Horton, Seoyoung C. C. Kim, Tobias Gerhard, Jodi B. B. Segal, Sebastian Schneeweiss, Myriam Gorospe, Sreedharan Sajikumar, Madhav Thambisetty
Summary: This study suggests that hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) initiation may reduce the risk of incident AD and improve synaptic plasticity. It also demonstrates that HCQ can enhance microglial clearance of amyloid plaques, reduce neuroinflammation, and decrease tau phosphorylation. These findings support the idea that HCQ could be a promising candidate for disease-modifying AD treatment.
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Dermatology
Priyanka Anand, Sebastian Schneeweiss, Arash Mostaghimi, Maria C. Schneeweiss
Summary: This cohort study aimed to investigate the utilization patterns of systemic immunomodulators in children with atopic dermatitis (AD) and how the patterns changed after the approval of dupilumab. The results showed that the use of dupilumab significantly increased among children with AD after approval, suggesting improved tolerance and outcomes.
PEDIATRIC DERMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Priyanka Anand, Sebastian Schneeweiss, Arash Mostaghimi, Maria. C. C. Schneeweiss
Summary: This study described the patterns of prescribing, switching, and discontinuing systemic AD drugs before and after the approval of dupilumab, and identified variables associated with dupilumab prescription. The results showed an increase in the use of dupilumab and a lower proportion of patients discontinuing systemic treatment in 2019-2020 compared to 2015-2016. Among patients starting dupilumab in 2020-2021, 92% had not received any other systemic treatment before.
PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
Tate M. Johnson, Yangyuna Yang, Punyasha Roul, Brian C. Sauer, Grant W. Cannon, Gary Kunkel, Kaleb Michaud, Joshua F. Baker, Ted R. Mikuls, Bryant R. England
Summary: This study examined the trends in all-cause and cause-specific mortality in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients in the Veterans Health Administration (VHA). The results showed that RA patients had a higher risk of all-cause, cardiovascular, cancer, respiratory, and infection-related mortality, with interstitial lung disease being strongly associated with RA. Although RA-related mortality risk decreased over time, a mortality gap still existed for all-cause and cause-specific mortality in RA.
ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Tracey G. Simon, Sebastian Schneeweiss, Daniel E. Singer, Sushama Kattinakere Sreedhara, Kueiyu Joshua Lin
Summary: Based on MarketScan data, the usage of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) has increased compared to warfarin among US patients with cirrhosis and nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), especially in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. However, over 55% of patients still remain untreated, emphasizing the need for clearer treatment guidance.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Edouard L. Fu, Elisabetta Patorno, Brendan M. Everett, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Scott D. Solomon, Raisa Levin, Sebastian Schneeweiss, Rishi J. Desai
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of SGLT2i vs. sitagliptin in older adults with HF and type 2 diabetes and found that initiating SGLT2i was associated with a lower risk of the primary composite outcome compared to sitagliptin.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Mehdi Najafzadeh, Hojin Shin, Sebastian Schneeweiss, Shirley V. Wang, Scott D. Solomon, Orly Vardeny, Elisabetta Patorno
Summary: The INVESTED trial did not find evidence supporting the use of high-dose vaccine over standard-dose vaccine for preventing cardiopulmonary hospitalization or all-cause mortality among participants with recent myocardial infarction or hospitalization for heart failure. However, when the eligibility criteria were aligned more closely with a real-world evidence (RWE) study, the trial results were in concordance with the RWE study. This study highlights the importance of considering different distributions of baseline patient characteristics when comparing trial findings to RWE.
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
HoJin Shin, Shirley V. Wang, Dae Hyun Kim, Ethan Alt, Mufaddal Mahesri, Lily G. Bessette, Sebastian Schneeweiss, Mehdi Najafzadeh
Summary: Trial results may not be applicable to real-world clinical practice. The study used outcome models developed with trial data to predict treatment effects in Medicare populations. The predicted effects can assist payers in making coverage decisions for patients, especially when observational data are limited.
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Phyo T. Htoo, Robert J. Glynn, Shirley Wang, Julie M. Paik, Sebastian Schneeweiss, Alexander M. Walker, Elisabetta Patorno
Summary: Pre-stratification can reduce variance and bias in observational studies, emulating stratified randomization. It produces effect estimates closer to expected trial findings while relying less on modeling assumptions.
PHARMACOEPIDEMIOLOGY AND DRUG SAFETY
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
Sarah Dutt, Punyasha Roul, Yangyuna Yang, Tate M. Johnson, Kaleb Michaud, Brian Sauer, Grant W. Cannon, Joshua F. Baker, Jeffrey R. Curtis, Ted R. Mikuls, Bryant R. England
Summary: This study examined unique multimorbidity patterns associated with long-term rheumatoid arthritis disease severity. Mental health and substance abuse, cardiovascular, and chronic pain multimorbidity patterns were associated with increased disease activity and poorer functional status in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Identifying and addressing these multimorbidity patterns may help improve treatment outcomes.
ARTHRITIS CARE & RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
Stephanie Jeong, Michael D. George, Ted R. Mikuls, Bryant R. England, Brian Sauer, Grant W. Cannon, Joshua F. Baker
Summary: This retrospective study aimed to determine whether the prescribing practices for JAKi, TNFi, and non-TNFi biologic agents changed after the release of safety data from the ORAL Surveillance trial. The study found a significant decrease in JAKi use and a significant increase in TNFi use after January 2021.
ACR OPEN RHEUMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
Beth I. Wallace, Bryant R. England, Joshua F. Baker, Jorge Rojas, Brian C. Sauer, Punyasha Roul, Gary A. Kunkel, Tawnie J. Braaten, Alison Petro, Ted R. Mikuls, Grant W. Cannon
Summary: In a real-world cohort of chronic glucocorticoid users with rheumatoid arthritis, half successfully tapered and a third discontinued prednisone within 6 months of initiating a new biologic or targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (b/tsDMARD).
ACR OPEN RHEUMATOLOGY
(2023)
