期刊
PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
卷 65, 期 12, 页码 1293-1297出版社
JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
DOI: 10.1002/ps.1859
关键词
cotton; San Joaquin Valley; Lygus hesperus; ecological landscape; IPM; cultural control; geospatial
In defining the integrated control concept, Stern, Smith, van den Bosch and Hagan described 'understanding the ecosystem' as a key underpinning of the concept. In following years, Stern and van den Bosch continued to refine and expand the role of the ecological landscape. They and their colleagues developed cultural practices that took advantage of this understanding to limit the need of pesticide intervention in cotton in the San Joaquin Valley during the 1960s and 1970s. Research and extension activities in the intervening years built upon those fundamental concepts using geospatial tools and analytical techniques to refine current understanding and develop ecological landscape level approaches to manage Lygus hesperus (Knight) in San Joaquin Valley cotton, Gossypium hirsutum (L.) and more recently G. barbadense (L.). The result has been a significant drop in insecticide use against L. hesperus, with less than one application per season during the 1990s and early 2000s. (C) 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
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