Review
Veterinary Sciences
Haji Gul, Gul Habib, Ibrar Muhammad Khan, Sajid Ur Rahman, Nazir Muhammad Khan, Hongcheng Wang, Najeeb Ullah Khan, Yong Liu
Summary: The genome plays a crucial role in the uniqueness and characteristic transmission of chicken breeds. Disease resistance in chickens involves multiple genes and immune system components. Research on genes and quantitative trait loci helps in the development of disease-resistant chicken breeds.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Danielle J. Ingle, Benjamin P. Howden, Sebastian Duchene
Summary: Phylodynamic methods have been crucial in understanding the evolution and epidemiology of infectious diseases, primarily focusing on viruses until recently. With the increasing availability of bacterial genomes and epidemiological data, there is now potential to apply phylodynamics to bacterial pathogens. Developing new methods to integrate complex genomic and ecological data will help inform public health surveillance and control strategies for serious threats to human health posed by bacterial pathogens.
TRENDS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Zi Hian Tan, Kian Yan Yong, Jian-Jun Shu
Summary: This study conducts a comparative analysis of amino acid usage in several key viral genera prone to outbreaks and finds that the distribution of amino acid usage in viral genomes follows a linear order and is closely related to viral species within the genus. By studying previous SARS and MERS outbreaks, this pattern can be used to predict viral mutations and future variants of concern.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Yingzi Zhang, Mo Li
Summary: Genome editing technologies play crucial roles in studying new treatments for viral infectious diseases, simplifying antiviral strategy design, and combating infections by a wide spectrum of viral pathogens including emerging coronaviruses. The technology can be used to efficiently eliminate latent infections and provide resistance to new infections.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Xin Yong, Lejiao Mao, Xiaofei Shen, Zhen Zhang, Daniel D. Billadeau, Da Jia
Summary: Endosomes are crucial cellular stations for protein trafficking, where proteins can be degraded or recycled to different cellular destinations. Recent studies have shown that pathogens like bacteria and viruses exploit host endosomal recycling pathways for their survival and replication. This manipulation of host signaling pathways by pathogens deepens our understanding of the molecular intricacies regulating endosomal trafficking.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Manikandan Palrasu, Elena Zaika, Wael El-Rifai, Jianwen Que, Alexander I. Zaika
Summary: Stomach cancer is a common and deadly malignancy worldwide, with infections by Helicobacter pylori and Epstein-Barr virus being major risk factors. The complex interplay between microbial, environmental, and host genetic factors underlies gastric tumorigenesis, with many aspects still unclear. Recent studies focus on the roles of various gastric pathogens and the gastric microbiome in tumorigenesis.
Article
Emergency Medicine
Michael J. Pajor, Brit Long, Alex Koyfman, Stephen Y. Liang
Summary: Acute bacterial meningitis in adults is a rare but serious condition. This review summarizes the characteristics, diagnosis, and management in the emergency department. Important symptoms include fever, nuchal rigidity, and altered mental status, although not all cases present with this triad. The most common bacterial pathogens are S. pneumoniae and N. meningitidis. Lumbar puncture for cerebrospinal fluid testing is the gold standard for diagnosis. Timely diagnosis and treatment are crucial for the prognosis of acute bacterial meningitis.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EMERGENCY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biology
Scott L. Nuismer, Andrew J. Basinski, Courtney Schreiner, Alexander Whitlock, Christopher H. Remien
Summary: The ecology and life history of wild animals influence their potential to harbor infectious disease. Average lifespan and viral mutation rate play a crucial role in the likelihood of animals serving as reservoirs for human infectious disease. Persistent infections and transient immune responses within the reservoir are more likely to lead to the emergence of viral pathogens.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Nicholas Bodkin, Melissa Ross, Micah T. McClain, Emily R. Ko, Christopher W. Woods, Geoffrey S. Ginsburg, Ricardo Henao, Ephraim L. Tsalik
Summary: In a systematic comparison of 28 host gene expression signatures, differences in performance were observed based on signature size and characteristics of the validation population, such as age and infection type. It was noted that differential performance in specific populations may only be observable through this type of large-scale validation.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Sanjeev K. Bhardwaj, Neha Bhardwaj, Vanish Kumar, Deepanshu Bhatt, Abdelmonaim Azzouz, Jayeeta Bhaumik, Ki-Hyun Kim, Akash Deep
Summary: Airborne pathogens, such as the common cold, flu, and tuberculosis, pose a threat to public health, requiring accurate monitoring and identification methods. Traditional detection techniques have limitations, leading to the development of nanomaterial-based biosensors as alternative options for portable, rapid, and direct on-site identification of target microbes. Advancements in nano-biosensors are expected for improved accuracy and portability.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Aidyn Kydyrmanov, Kobey Karamendin, Yermukhammet Kassymbekov, Marat Kumar, Shynar Mazkirat, Symbat Suleimenova, Mirgaliy Baimukanov, Ian M. Carr, Simon J. Goodman
Summary: Disease surveillance is crucial for understanding the causes of marine mammal strandings, identifying threats to animal health, and developing conservation strategies. In this study, the prevalence of viruses, bacteria, and parasites in Caspian seals was investigated using molecular and serological assays. The results showed that Caspian seals are exposed to several pathogens with the potential to cause significant morbidity, which could reduce the population's resilience to conservation threats.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Cuiyao He, Xiaogang Hu, Tingsong Li, Qing Wu, Jisan Fan, Yan Zhou, Li Jiang, Siqi Hong, Yuanyuan Luo
Summary: Augmented renal clearance is an independent risk factor for prolonged antibiotic use in children with community-acquired bacterial meningitis. It may be associated with longer fever and hospitalization durations, higher rates of complications, and antibiotic adjustments.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yair E. Gatt, Hanah Margalit
Summary: Within-host adaptation in chronic bacterial infections involves substantial genomic changes. Different species share common adaptive strategies, often driven by the host immune system. The ubiquity of adaptive strategies across species reveals key evolutionary changes.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pietro Ghezzi, Anna Rubartelli
Summary: There is significant interest in the role of oxygen-derived oxidants and exogenous antioxidants in infectious disease pathogenesis. Most research focuses on their effects on the inflammatory response, with oxidants being pro-inflammatory and antioxidants being anti-inflammatory. This review discusses the importance of both oxidants and thiol antioxidants in innate and adaptive immunity, particularly in defense against pathogens.
CURRENT OPINION IN CHEMICAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Kim Stobbelaar, Thomas C. Mangodt, Winke Van der Gucht, Lise Delhaise, Jasmine Andries, Valerie Gille, Cyril Barbezange, Annemieke Smet, Benedicte Y. De Winter, Jozef J. De Dooy, Tom Schepens, Els L. I. M. Duval, Paul Cos, Philippe G. Jorens, Stijn Verhulst, Peter L. Delputte
Summary: The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of viral lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in children worldwide, and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality rates. This study found that patients with a single RSV infection had higher disease severity compared to patients with RSV co-infections, suggesting that the presence of viral co-infections could influence the course of RSV bronchiolitis. Further investigation is needed to guide physicians in early treatment decisions for patients who may benefit from current or future treatment options.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)