Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yan Hui, Birgitte Smith, Martin Steen Mortensen, Lukasz Krych, Soren J. Sorensen, Gorm Greisen, Karen Angeliki Krogfelt, Dennis Sandris Nielsen
Summary: The study found that probiotic supplementation in preterm neonates affected gut colonization by certain bacteria, but did not change the overall longitudinal bacterial progression during the neonatal period.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Wen-Yin Chen, Yu-Cheng Lo, Po-Han Huang, Yu-Xuan Chen, Pei-Chen Tsao, Yu-Sheng Lee, Mei-Jy Jeng, Miao-Chiu Hung
Summary: The use of antibiotics in the early lives of premature infants may increase the risk of necrotizing enterocolitis and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, while probiotics do not have an effect on these outcomes.
JOURNAL OF THE CHINESE MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ching-Min Chang, Ming-Horng Tsai, Wei-Chao Liao, Peng-Hong Yang, Shiao-Wen Li, Shih-Ming Chu, Hsuan-Rong Huang, Ming-Chou Chiang, Jen-Fu Hsu
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of probiotics on the gut microbiota of extremely preterm infants. The results showed that probiotics increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and reduced the duration of total parenteral nutrition. The probiotic group also had a lower rate of late-onset sepsis.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ameer Al-Hadidi, Jason Navarro, Steven D. Goodman, Michael T. Bailey, Gail E. Besner
Summary: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating disease mainly found in premature infants, associated with gastrointestinal dysbiosis. Probiotics have been proposed as a new avenue for therapy, with a novel enterally delivered formulation showing promise in experimental models of NEC.
Review
Immunology
Mecklin V. Ragan, Samantha J. Wala, Steven D. Goodman, Michael T. Bailey, Gail E. Besner
Summary: This article introduces a new delivery system for L. reuteri that enhances the efficacy of the probiotic by inducing biofilm formation. The study shows promising results in rat and mouse models, demonstrating the preventive and therapeutic effects of L. reuteri in its biofilm state. Furthermore, an ongoing clinical trial may support the future use of L. reuteri in preventing NEC in preterm infants.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pediatrics
Ramaa Chitale, Kacey Ferguson, Megan Talej, Wen-Chien Yang, Siran He, Karen M. Edmond, Emily R. Smith
Summary: Early enteral feeding within 72 hours after birth is likely to reduce mortality and length of hospital stay in preterm and low birth weight infants, and may also decrease the risk of sepsis and weight at discharge. However, its effect on other outcomes such as necrotizing enterocolitis is uncertain.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Keqin Liu, Adila Abudusalamu, Jixin Yang, Yanwei Su
Summary: This review aimed to evaluate the effects of early enteral feeding on health outcomes in preterm infants. Nine systematic reviews were included, showing that early enteral feeding may improve weight gain, reduce feed intolerance, shorten feeding duration, decrease hospital stay, lower the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis and mortality risk. However, the certainty of evidence was generally low, indicating a need for further research to assess long-term outcomes.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Isadora Beghetti, Davide Panizza, Jacopo Lenzi, Davide Gori, Silvia Martini, Luigi Corvaglia, Arianna Aceti
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis on the role of probiotics in preventing NEC in preterm infants, demonstrating that B. lactis Bb-12/B94 could reduce the risk of NEC, with a different size effect according to feeding type. Further trials are needed to confirm these findings.
Review
Pediatrics
Ana M. Campos-Martinez, J. Exposito-Herrera, M. Gonzalez-Bolivar, E. Fernandez-Marin, Jose Uberos
Summary: This article reviews the evidence on risk factors and protective factors for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in premature infants, and summarizes preventive, risk, and predictive factors. The findings suggest that adequate knowledge of preventable or modifiable risk factors, as well as factors that can predict NEC, can help reduce the incidence of NEC in premature infants.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Karishma Rao, Alain Cuna, Susana Chavez-Bueno, Heather Menden, Wei Yu, Ishfaq Ahmed, Pugazhendhi Srinivasan, Shahid Umar, Venkatesh Sampath
Summary: The study demonstrates that different preterm formulas have varying effects on intestinal inflammation, apoptosis, and microbiome composition in developing infants. Formula feeding with EleCare and Similac Special Care resulted in greater intestinal injury compared to NeoSure, but pre-treatment with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG alleviated the severity of the damage.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Alain Cuna, Marianne Nsumu, Heather L. Menden, Susana Chavez-Bueno, Venkatesh Sampath
Summary: Peripartum antibiotics increase the risk of NEC and impair intestinal proliferation in newborns. However, supplementation with the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) can mitigate gut injury caused by antibiotics and restore intestinal proliferation by activating the Gpr81-Wnt pathway. Therefore, postnatal probiotics may be effective in reducing the risk of NEC associated with peripartum antibiotic exposure in preterm infants.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Peng Lu, Yukihiro Yamaguchi, William B. Fulton, Sanxia Wang, Qinjie Zhou, Hongpeng Jia, Mark L. Kovler, Andres Gonzalez Salazar, Maame Sampah, Thomas Prindle, Peter Wipf, Chhinder P. Sodhi, David J. Hackam
Summary: NEC, a disease of prematurity, is associated with AHR signaling. Administration of AHR ligands during pregnancy and postnatally can prevent NEC. AHR signaling plays a crucial role in the development of NEC and may be a potential therapeutic target for NEC.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Charlotte J. Neumann, Alexander Mahnert, Christina Kumpitsch, Raymond Kiu, Matthew J. Dalby, Magdalena Kujawska, Tobias Madl, Stefan Kurath-Koller, Berndt Urlesberger, Bernhard Resch, Lindsay J. Hall, Christine Moissl-Eichinger
Summary: The study analyzes the effects of three preventive regimens on the gut microbiome development in preterm infants at risk for necrotizing enterocolitis. The use of probiotic Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis NCDO 2203 in combination with human milk oligosaccharides has a significant impact on the microbiome and reduces antibiotic resistance.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Jorn-Hendrik Weitkamp
Summary: NEC in preterm infants can lead to cognitive delay and neurodevelopmental disability, with CD4(+) T cells potentially playing a role in brain injury.
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Pediatrics
Claire L. Granger, Nicholas D. Embleton, Jeremy M. Palmer, Christopher A. Lamb, Janet E. Berrington, Christopher J. Stewart
Summary: Breastmilk offers numerous nutritional and immunological benefits for newborn infants, influencing the gut microbiome and leading to reduced risks of necrotising enterocolitis and improved neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants. These long-term benefits present potential areas for research and novel therapies in high-risk infants.