Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Gowthami Sai Kogilathota Jagirdhar, Salim Surani
Summary: Pseudomembranous colitis is a severe inflammation of the colon caused by various factors, with Clostridium difficile being the most common cause. Symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, and dehydration. Other than C. difficile, other pathogens, medications, and diseases should be considered as differential diagnoses. Complications can be serious, and early diagnosis and treatment are crucial.
WORLD JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CASES
(2023)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Peng An Khun, Thomas V. Riley
Summary: This review provides an overview of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in southeast Asia, including its prevalence, detection methods, antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, and the potential significance of a One Health approach. CDI is a common cause of hospital-acquired gastroenteritis worldwide, with higher rates observed in high-income countries. Lack of knowledge and awareness about CDI, along with antimicrobial abuse and inadequate education on appropriate usage, contribute to its evolution. Underreporting of CDI rates and misuse of antimicrobial agents pose a significant threat in regions like Indochina, while C. difficile RT 017 strain is endemic in southeast Asia.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF TROPICAL MEDICINE AND HYGIENE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Jacob R. Sweeney, Carl Crawford, Rhonda K. Yantiss
Summary: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk for Clostridioides difficile infection, although clinically important infections can be difficult to recognise. This study found that patients with C. difficile infection have symptoms and endoscopic findings that are indistinguishable from active IBD.
Review
Microbiology
Gabriela Muniz Carvalho, Carolina Pantuzza Ramos, Francisco Carlos Faria Lobato, Roberto Mauricio Carvalho Guedes, Paula Roberta Giaretta, Rodrigo Otavio Silveira Silva
Summary: There is a lack of published guidelines for the diagnosis of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile infection (CDI) in animals. The performance of available methods for detecting CDI varies among different animal species. Enzyme immunoassays have shown low performance in detecting toxins A and B in piglet and dog samples, while having high sensitivity for foals. Tests for detecting glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) have been identified as a suitable screening method with high sensitivity in animal samples. Studies evaluating real-time PCR or nucleic acid amplification tests have shown low performance for detecting CDI in animals. Histopathology can be a useful tool for post-mortem diagnosis in animals with CDI.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Harish Chandra, Krishna Kant Sharma, Olli H. Tuovinen, Xingmin Sun, Pratyoosh Shukla
Summary: Pathobionts are opportunistic microbes that emerge as a result of perturbations in the healthy microbiome due to complex interactions of various genetic, exposomal, microbial, and host factors, leading to their proliferation, which may exacerbate inflammation, trigger autoimmune diseases, and even lead to life-threatening conditions. The current surge in microbiome research is unraveling the complex interplays between disease development and protection against pathobionts.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Lucas F. Soveral, Gabriela G. Korczaguin, Pedro S. Schmidt, Isabel S. Nunes, Camilo Fernandes, Carlos R. Zarate-Blades
Summary: Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a successful method for treating recurrent Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection. It works through direct mechanisms against C. difficile and indirect mechanisms involving the production of secondary bile acids and short chain fatty acids. Furthermore, FMT can modulate the inflammatory response triggered by C. difficile by regulating regulatory T cells, resulting in the normalization of the intestinal mucosal immune system.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Keshav Bhattar, Palack Agrawal
Summary: Capecitabine is used for treating triple-negative metastatic breast cancers, but its gastrointestinal side effects pose challenges for patient compliance. We report a case of a 65-year-old woman who developed severe colitis and Clostridium difficile infection during palliative Capecitabine treatment.
CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Aeyidh K. Alharbi, Mohammed A. Ahmed, Abdulhadi Tashkandi, Fahad A. Alkhathaami, Abdulmalik Alshehri
Summary: CDI incidence is on the rise with increasing availability of diagnostic tests, making it a common nosocomial infection. CDI is often associated with pseudomembranous colitis and antibiotic-related diarrhea, and can lead to life-threatening complications such as bowel ischemia. Early recognition and prompt diagnosis of complicated CDI, like bowel ischemia, are essential to prevent severe outcomes.
CUREUS JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Orthopedics
Suk-Yong Jang, Jun-Il Yoo, Yonghan Cha, Young-Sun Ahn, Jung-Taek Kim, Chan Ho Park, Won-Sik Choy
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of Clostridium difficile colitis (CDC) in elderly patients with hip fractures and found that the prevalence was 1.43%. CDC significantly increased the all-cause mortality rate after discharge in these patients.
CLINICS IN ORTHOPEDIC SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Yui-Lun Ng, Michelle C. K. Lo, Kit-Hang Lee, Xiaochen Xie, Thomas N. Y. Kwong, Margaret Ip, Lin Zhang, Jun Yu, Joseph J. Y. Sung, William K. K. Wu, Sunny H. Wong, Ka-Wai Kwok
Summary: A prediction system utilizing machine learning algorithms and statistical models has been established to estimate the mortality and recurrence risk of CDI patients. Features such as age, albumin levels, creatinine levels, and white blood cell count were found to be closely associated with mortality.
ADVANCED INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Giuseppe Esposito, Chiara Corpetti, Marcella Pesce, Luisa Seguella, Giuseppe Annunziata, Alessandro Del Re, Martina Vincenzi, Roberta Lattanzi, Jie Lu, Walter Sanseverino, Giovanni Sarnelli
Summary: The newly designed PEA-producing probiotic showed therapeutic potential in inhibiting colonic inflammation and restoring tight junction protein expression in a mouse model of CDI.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jeremy Grossman, Jun Fan, Felicia Allard, Jane Moon, Luis A. Marcos
Summary: This article reports a fatal case of S. stercoralis hyperinfection in an immigrant from rural Ecuador and emphasizes the importance of screening for this parasite in the appropriate clinical scenarios. Various diagnostic methods are introduced to make the diagnosis of S. stercoralis more accessible to practitioners.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mao Hagihara, Tadashi Ariyoshi, Yasutoshi Kuroki, Shuhei Eguchi, Seiya Higashi, Takeshi Mori, Tsunemasa Nonogaki, Kenta Iwasaki, Makoto Yamashita, Nobuhiro Asai, Yusuke Koizumi, Kentaro Oka, Motomichi Takahashi, Yuka Yamagishi, Hiroshige Mikamo
Summary: CBM 588 enhances the antibacterial activity against C. difficile, reduces colon epithelial damage, and improves immunity through upregulating pathogen specific immunoglobulin A and enhancing gut epithelial barrier function to protect colon tissue from CDI.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Charlotte Nyblade, Viviana Parreno, Peng Zhou, Casey Hensley, Vanessa Oakes, Hassan M. Mahsoub, Kelsey Kiley, Maggie Frazier, Annie Frazier, Yongrong Zhang, Hanping Feng, Lijuan Yuan
Summary: Researchers have established a gnotobiotic pig model of C.difficile infection, successfully reproducing the acute pseudomembranous colitis caused by the bacterium in humans. This model provides a valuable tool for evaluating the effectiveness of prophylactics and therapeutics, including vaccines and passive immune strategies.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Edward V. Loftus, Daniel C. Baumgart, Krisztina Gecse, Jami A. Kinnucan, Susan B. Connelly, Leonardo Salese, Chinyu Su, Kenneth K. Kwok, John C. Woolcott, Alessandro Armuzzi
Summary: CDIs in patients with UC receiving tofacitinib were infrequent, with mild-moderate severity, and most cases resolved with treatment.
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES
(2023)